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Denne rapport fra By og Byg beskriver metode- og datagrundlaget samt forudsætningerne og afgrænsningerne for beregning af miljødata for bygningsdele. By og Bygs pc-værktøj BEAT 2000 er anvendt til gennemførelse af beregningerne, og det samlede beregnings- og datagrundlag findes i programmet. Der er desuden udarbejdet miljøskemaer for et antal bygningsdele. Miljøskemaerne giver en foreløbig oversigt over de pågældende bygningsdeles miljømæssige status med særlig vægt på de energirelaterede forhold. Rapporten viser eksempler på miljøskemaer og gennemgår indholdet af et miljøskema. This DBUR report describes the basis for methods and data for calculating environmental data for building elements. The DBUR computer tool BEAT 2999 was used for calculations and the overall basis for data and calculations are included in the program. Moreover, data sheets were prepared for a number of building elements. The data sheets give a preliminary environmental status with special emphasis on energy-related conditions. The report shows examples of data sheets and reviews their contents.

Denne rapport fra By og Byg beskriver metode- og datagrundlaget samt forudsætningerne og afgrænsningerne for beregning af miljødata for bygningsdele. By og Bygs pc-værktøj BEAT 2000 er anvendt til gennemførelse af beregningerne, og det samlede beregnings- og datagrundlag findes i programmet. Der er desuden udarbejdet miljøskemaer for et antal bygningsdele. Miljøskemaerne giver en foreløbig oversigt over de pågældende bygningsdeles miljømæssige status med særlig vægt på de energirelaterede forhold. Rapporten viser eksempler på miljøskemaer og gennemgår indholdet af et miljøskema. This DBUR report describes the basis for methods and data for calculating environmental data for building elements. The DBUR computer tool BEAT 2999 was used for calculations and the overall basis for data and calculations are included in the program. Moreover, data sheets were prepared for a number of building elements. The data sheets give a preliminary environmental status with special emphasis on energy-related conditions. The report shows examples of data sheets and reviews their contents.

Rapporten indeholder en generel beskrivelse af reguleringsprincipper for spjæld, varmeflader og varmegenvindingsanlæg, og gennemgår en række energibesparende reguleringssystemer til almindeligt forekommende ventilationsanlæg. Desuden gennemgås metoder til beregning af ventilationsanlægs energiforbrug.

Rapporten indeholder en generel beskrivelse af reguleringsprincipper for spjæld, varmeflader og varmegenvindingsanlæg, og gennemgår en række energibesparende reguleringssystemer til almindeligt forekommende ventilationsanlæg. Desuden gennemgås metoder til beregning af ventilationsanlægs energiforbrug.

Environmental taxes imposed on households have been introduced in many countries. However, few countries have reached the level of environmental taxation that is seen in Denmark today, although many are considering shifting the tax burden towards theconsumption that is harming the environment. The total tax burden imposed on households in Denmark in the form of taxes on energy use of all kinds, water consumption and waste production, etc., is considerable. This paper analyses the individual taxes aswell as the combination of all these taxes and duties related to environmental concerns, including taxes on heating, transport fuels, electricity, water, waste, plastic bags, registration of cars, annual car use, pesticides, etc. The distributionaleffect of taxes is examined in relation to household income, socio-economic class, residential location and family status. The shifting of the tax structure from high marginal income tax to consumption-based taxes, especially environmental taxes, mighthave distributional impacts amongst income groups which have not been considered part of the tax policy. The taxes are compared with respect to distributional impact. Do the effects of the different taxes vary to such an extent that this should beconsidered when designing tax policies? The hypothesis is that some environmental taxes associated with luxury income are less regressive than the average envi-ronmental tax. The results suggest that in Denmark taxes on petrol and registration duties forcars are progressive, whereas most other environmental taxes are regressive, especially the green taxes on water, retail containers and CO2.

Environmental taxes imposed on households have been introduced in many countries. However, few countries have reached the level of environmental taxation that is seen in Denmark today, although many are considering shifting the tax burden towards theconsumption that is harming the environment. The total tax burden imposed on households in Denmark in the form of taxes on energy use of all kinds, water consumption and waste production, etc., is considerable. This paper analyses the individual taxes aswell as the combination of all these taxes and duties related to environmental concerns, including taxes on heating, transport fuels, electricity, water, waste, plastic bags, registration of cars, annual car use, pesticides, etc. The distributionaleffect of taxes is examined in relation to household income, socio-economic class, residential location and family status. The shifting of the tax structure from high marginal income tax to consumption-based taxes, especially environmental taxes, mighthave distributional impacts amongst income groups which have not been considered part of the tax policy. The taxes are compared with respect to distributional impact. Do the effects of the different taxes vary to such an extent that this should beconsidered when designing tax policies? The hypothesis is that some environmental taxes associated with luxury income are less regressive than the average envi-ronmental tax. The results suggest that in Denmark taxes on petrol and registration duties forcars are progressive, whereas most other environmental taxes are regressive, especially the green taxes on water, retail containers and CO2.