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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid bw Caamaño, Nelson;
    Caamaño, Nelson
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    orcid bw Merchán, Sucety;
    Merchán, Sucety
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    orcid bw Díaz, Sebastián;
    Díaz, Sebastián
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    Díaz, Sebastián in OpenAIRE

    {"references": ["Alcides A y Lucas L. (2019). La contaminaci\u00f3n ambiental en los acu\u00edferos de Ecuador. Revista Visi\u00f3n Contable. Vol. 1, n\u00famero 19, pp. 64-101.", "Andrade V. (2016). Gu\u00eda para invertir en el sector minero. Editorial Andrade Veloz Abogados. 2016. Primera edici\u00f3n. Ecuador. P\u00e1gina 7.", "Antu\u00f1ez, A, GuanoquizaL (2019). La contaminaci\u00f3n ambiental en los acu\u00edferos de Ecuador. Revista visi\u00f3n contable. Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Latinoamericana. Colombia. https://publicaciones.unaula.edu.co/index.php/VisionContable/article/view/567", "Banco Central del Ecuador (2016). Bolet\u00edn trimestral de la balanza de pagos del Ecuador. (En l\u00ednea). https://www.bce.fin.ec/index.php/ component/k2/item/762. (\u00daltima consulta del 12 de enero del 2020).", "Carmona G., Cardona T. y Restrepo T. (2017). Gesti\u00f3n ambiental, sostenibilidad y competitividad minera. Contextualizaci\u00f3n de la situaci\u00f3n y retos de un enfoque a trav\u00e9s del an\u00e1lisis del ciclo de vida. Revista Dyna, vol. 84, n\u00fam. 201. pp. 50-58", "Carrasco, M y Torres, L (2018). Miner\u00eda en el Ecuador: sostenibilidad y licitud. Revista Estudios del Desarrollo Social: Cuba y Am\u00e9rica Latina. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2308-01322018000200006", "Carroll, A. (1979) A Three-dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance. [Revista\ten\tL\u00ednea]\tdisponible\ten: http://www.iniciativajovem.org.br/pub/biblioteca/A%20three%20Dimensional%20Concept ual%20Model%20of%20Corporate%20Performance.pdf", "Conesa V. (2010). Gu\u00eda metodol\u00f3gica para la evaluaci\u00f3n del impacto ambiental. 4\u00aa edici\u00f3n. Madrid. P\u00e1gina 54.", "Constituci\u00f3n de la Rep\u00fablica de Ecuador (2008). Registro Oficial No. 449 del 20 de Octubre del 2008. Ecuador.", "C\u00f3rdova, M. (2016). Empresas mineras luchan por sobrevivir en medio de graves crisis. Editorial L\u00edderes. P\u00e1gina 20.", "Corona G, \u00c1lvarez G., Romero A., Castro F., Vega V., Comas R., Vel\u00e1squez R. (2017). La investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica y las formas de titulaci\u00f3n. Editorial Jur\u00eddica del Ecuador. Ecuador.", "Cort\u00e1zar, M. (2005). El Oro de Portovelo. Editorial Mariana Cort\u00e1zar Comunicaci\u00f3n y Medios. Ecuador. P\u00e1gina 25.", "Espinoza G. (2002). Gesti\u00f3n y fundamentos de evaluaci\u00f3n de impacto ambiental. Santiago de Chile: Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo. P\u00e1gina 30.", "Fierro-Renoy, V. (2015). Sostenibilidad de las Finanzas P\u00fablicas Ecuatorianas y Patrimonio P\u00fablico. Editorial Pol\u00e9mika. Ecuador. P\u00e1gina 30.", "Gallegos, J. (2018). La miner\u00eda nacional genera otras formas de desarrollo. Ediciones Miner\u00eda. Ecuador. P\u00e1gina 30.", "Garmedia A. (2005). Evaluaci\u00f3n de impacto ambiental. Editorial Pearson Prentice Hall. Madrid. P\u00e1gina 30.", "Generalitat de Catalunya (2010). Avaluaci\u00f3 de plans i d'infraestructures. (En l\u00ednea) https://web.gencat.cat/es/inici/ (\u00faltima consulta del 11 de enero del 2020).", "Gold,\tW\t(2008).\tAurelian\tResources\tInc:\tstadistics\tofficial\t(En\tl\u00ednea).\tHttp: //www.24hgold.com/english/infocompany. (\u00daltima consulta del 12 de enero del 2020).", "G\u00f3mez, D. (2003). Evaluaci\u00f3n de impacto ambiental: Un instrumento preventivo para la gesti\u00f3n ambiental. Editorial Mundi-Prensa. Madrid. P\u00e1gina 26.", "Ley\t\tde\tMiner\u00eda\tde\tEcuador.\t(2009). https://www.oas.org/juridico/PDFs/mesicic4_ecu_mineria.pdf", "Lud\u00edn,\tL.\t(2017)\tMiner\u00eda\ty\tEnerg\u00eda\t(en\tl\u00ednea) https://www.lundingold.com/site/assets/files/16812/2017-sustainability-es.pdf (\u00faltima consulta del 12 de enero del 2020).", "Ministerio de Energ\u00eda y Minas (2016). Reporte de miner\u00eda. (En l\u00ednea) https://www.mem.gob.do/index.php/consultas-publicas (\u00faltima consulta del 12 de enero del 2020). Ecuador.", "Ministerio del Ambiente (2012). Historia de Creaci\u00f3n. (En l\u00ednea) http://www.ambiente.gob.ec/wpcontent/uploads/downloads/2012/07/\tHistoria-de- Creacion.pdf. (\u00daltima consulta del 12 de enero del 2020).", "Poveda, R. (2016) Ecuador apuesta por la miner\u00eda como uno de los grandes ejes de su econom\u00eda. Editorial L\u00edderes. Ecuador. P\u00e1gina 10.", "Vascones M. y Torres L. (2018). Miner\u00eda en el Ecuador: sostenibilidad y licitud. Revista Estudios de Desarrollo Social: cuba y Am\u00e9rica Latina. Vol. 6, n\u00fam. 2. pp. 1-10.", "Veloz, A (2016). Miner\u00eda en Ecuador. Gu\u00eda para invertir en el sector minero. Quito: Andrade Veloz Abogados. Primera edici\u00f3n.", "V\u00e9lez, J (2017). Impactos econ\u00f3micos y sociales de las pol\u00edticas nacionales mineras en Ecuador (2000-2006). Revista de Ciencias Sociales (RCS) Vol. XXIII, No. 4, Octubre- Diciembre\t2017,\tpp.\t3. http://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rcs/article/view/25137/25761"]} El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar el impacto ambiental de la legislación minera en Ecuador desde una perspectiva legal. Se trata de una investigación documental. De la investigación desarrollada se desprende que el sector de la minería del país ha venido creciendo con un dinamismo que supera al crecimiento en términos reales de las industrias de extracción de petróleo crudo. Igual dinamismo se observa en las exportaciones de oro al punto de constituirse en el cuarto producto de exportación en 2012.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jorge del Real Olvera; Joana Islas Gutiérrez;

    Título en inglés: Anaerobic biodegradation of wastewater generated in the pulping of coffee Resumen El cultivo y procesado del café es una de las actividades agroindustriales más importantes en varios países de Latinoamérica; sin embargo, dicha actividad conlleva grandes impactos ambientales, ya que genera aguas residuales con alta carga contaminante. La peligrosidad ecológica de estos vertidos ha potenciado la búsqueda de alternativas para su tratamiento y disposición final. En este trabajo se empleó una comunidad microbiana proveniente del fluido ruminal vacuno, para investigar la factibilidad de su empleo en la depuración de aguas residuales provenientes del despulpado del café, mediante la disminución de la carga orgánica expresada como DQO, además del volumen de metano generado. La cinética de degradación fue seguida en un reactor por lotes, anaerobio y mesofílico de dos litros de capacidad, bajo diferentes condiciones de temperatura (28 y 36 ºC) y pH (4,6; 7 y 8,5). Los resultados mostraron un índice volumétrico de lodos de 0,44 mL/g y actividad metanogénica específica de 0,0076 gDQO/gSST*d. En la mayoría de los casos, los resultados de remoción de DQO fueron superiores a la mitad del contenido orgánico inicial, llegando a 91,2% con pH de 4,6 y 28 ºC en 16 días. Los resultados muestran que el consorcio bajo estudio es capaz de adaptarse al sustrato y degradar la mayor parte de su carga orgánica, lo cual lo convierte en una interesante opción biotecnológica para el tratamiento de vertidos del despulpado de café. Palabras clave: biorremediación; bacterias metanogénicas; digestión anaerobia; biogás. Abstract The cultivation and processed of coffee, is one of the agro-industrial activities more important in several countries in Latin America; however this activity involves high environmental impacts, because generate wastewater with high pollution load. The danger ecological these discharges, has maximized the search for alternatives of treatment and disposal. In this work, was used a microbial community from fluid ruminal of cow, to investigate the feasibility of your employment in the depuration of wastewater generated in the pulping of the coffee, through the reduction of organic matter expressed as COD, in addition of volume of methane generated. The kinetic of degradation was followed in a reactor batch, anaerobic and mesophilic of two liters of capacity, under different conditions of temperature (28 and 36ºC) and pH (4.6, 7 and 8.5). The results showed a volume index of sludge of 0.44 ml/g and activity specific methanogenic of 0.0076 gDQO/gSST*d. In most cases, the results of removal of COD was more than half of the initial organic content, reaching 91.2% with pH of 4.6 and 28 ºC in 16 days. The results show that the consortium under study is able to adapt to the substrate and degrade greater part of organic load, which makes it an interesting option biotechnology for the treatment of wastewater of pulping of coffee. Key words: bioremediation; methanogenic bacteria; anaerobic digestion; biogas.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Revista Colombiana d...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Naula-Sigua, Freddy Benjamín; Campoverde-Campoverde, Jorge Arturo; Borenstein, Denis;

    Resumen El gobierno ecuatoriano se ha propuesto introducir de forma masiva en el mercado nacional, el uso de las cocinas de inducción, ello en reemplazo de la cocina GLP (Gas Licuado de Petróleo). Sin embargo en la elección de la cocina de inducción o GLP, por parte del ciudadano, además de los factores económicos intervienen también criterios o factores que caen dentro de la subjetividad; Es decir intervienen múltiples criterios. El presente artículo aporta con un método de apoyo que sugiere al usuario una posible mejor opción, teniendo en cuenta criterios tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos. Además se analizan posibles escenarios y su impacto en la decisión final. Abstract The Ecuadorian Government has been proposed to introduce in a massive scale in the national market, the use of Induction Stoves as a replacement of the LPG Stove (liquefied Petroleum Gas). Nevertheless, when choosing the induction stove, by the citizens, in addition to economic factors other factors could be taken into consideration, but they could fall into subjectivism. In other words, multiple criteria should be also considered. This article contributes with a method of support that suggests the user a possible best option, taking into account qualitative and quantitative criteria as well. Possible scenarios are also analyzed and also their impact in the final decision.

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    Authors: orcid bw Manuel Francisco Morales Haz;
    Manuel Francisco Morales Haz
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    orcid bw Laura Eugenia Tachong Alencastro;
    Laura Eugenia Tachong Alencastro
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    orcid bw Mario Herrera Soler;
    Mario Herrera Soler
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    Resumen La mayor parte de los emprendimientos est��n constituidos por peque��as empresas y microempresas que tienen una elevada representaci��n en la provincia Los R��os, Ecuador, de las que dependen numerosas familias para llevar su sustento a casa, adem��s de contribuir a los servicios y el avituallamiento en cada cant��n. Este art��culo tiene como objetivo obtener una percepci��n de las caracter��sticas de estas empresas, determinando sus fortalezas y debilidades y de esta manera hacer propuestas que eliminen o mitiguen los obst��culos y elevar la eficiencia en cada caso. Entre los resultados que se destacaron est�� que existe consenso de la importancia de los emprendimientos por la empleabilidad y los servicios que recibe la poblaci��n. Abstract Most of the entrepreneurship are made up of small businesses and microenterprises that have a high representation in Los R��os province, Ecuador, on which many families depend to take their livelihoods home, in addition to contributing to services and supplies in each canton. This article aims to obtain a perception of the characteristics of these companies, determining their strengths and weaknesses and thus make proposals that eliminate or mitigate obstacles and increase efficiency in each case. Among the results that stood out is that there is consensus on the importance of entrepreneurship for the employability and services that the population receives. Los autores declaran no tener conflicto de intereses.

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    Authors: Mora-Delgado, Jairo Ricardo; Ramírez Martínez, Carlos; Quirós Madrigal, Olman;

    ¿Cómo se diferencian las fincas cafeteras campesinas en función de variables socioeconómicas y manejo de recursos? Esta fue la pregunta que motivó el presente estudio. Se analizaron los conglomerados de 39 fincas de Puriscal, Costa Rica, para establecer una tipología en función de trece variables. Se definieron tres tipos de fincas: de tecnología orgánica (TO), de tecnología mixta (TM) y de tecnología convencional (TC). En cada conglomerado se construyó una finca hipotética para analizarla como estudio de caso. En cada caso se realizó un análisis económico para determinar indicadores financieros y beneficio familiar en el corto plazo; además, se determinó la productividad energética. Los más altos beneficios financieros en el corto plazo se obtuvieron en el modelo TC, comparados con los sistemas TO y TM. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista de la productividad energética, el modelo de caficultura orgánica presenta una mejor eficiencia, en la medida en que para producir un kilogramo (kg) de café en cereza se invirtieron 0,51 MJ/ kg, lo que representa la mitad de la energía requerida para producir el mismo kilogramo en los modelos TC (1,06 MJ/kg) y TM (0,97 MJ/kg). El estudio debe complementarse con seguimientos en el largo plazo. How do peasant coffee growing farms differ depending on socioeconomic variables and on resource management? That is precisely the question that motivated this study. The conglomerates of 39 farms in Puriscal, Costa Rica were analyzed, to establish a typology using thirteen variables. Three types of farms were defined: farms with organic technology (OT), farms with mixed technology (MT), and farms with conventional technology (CT). In each conglomerate, a hypothetical farm was built, to be analyzed as a case study. For each of these case studies, an economic analysis was made to determine short-term financial indicators and short-term family benefits; in addition, energy productivity was determined. The highest short-term financial benefits were obtained in the CT model as compared to those obtained in the OT and MT systems. However, for energy productivity, the organic coffee growing model presented more efficiency. Indeed, 0.51 MJ/kg was invested to produce one kilogram (kg) of coffee beans there; that represents half of the energy required to produce the same kilogram of coffee beans in the CT model (1.06 MJ/kg) and in the MT model (0.97 MJ/kg). This study requires long-term tracking complementation.

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    Authors: González Carmona, Emma; 279567; Torres Valladares, Cynthia Itzel;x1243658; González Carmona, Emma; Torres Valladares, Cynthia Itzel;

    The aim of this investigation is to show the sustainability features of the chinampa practice in the Valley of Mexico: Xochimilco, applying a FODA diagnosis in order to reveal the environmental transcendence of this particular agricultural model. It is possible to determine that the development of the chinampa has basically two components: the native and social. The first one constitutes the local ecosystem composed by shallow water lakes that are included in a great surface across the valley of Mexico. The second one concerns to the social aspect; which is how the work gets organized, the cultural practices and the implementation of methods and agricultural technologies that are the result of the thousand-year-old wisdom of the autochthonous groups of the chinampa zone. Which has helped to support the integration of the members of the family, as well as providing self-employment and a self sustained source of food, these features show that this system of agricultural production is sustainable in the environmental, social and economic aspects. Nevertheless the chinampa production is affected by diverse aspects as the development of modern agriculture technologies, the urban growth and pollution of the water.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2014
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    Authors: Gómez G., Luis Fernando; Zúñiga Escobar, Orlando;

    Partiendo del concepto de los sistemas complejos, dinámicos, no lineales, que integran larelación hombre-naturaleza, se propone una metodología fundamentada en la Lógica Difusa, para la determinación de la vulnerabilidad al cambio climático. Su aplicación se efectúa en los hogares rurales de los corregimientos de ladera de Cali, escogiendo como modelo el marco de los Medios de Vida Sostenibles (MVS). La información primaria se obtuvo de una encuesta entre los pobladores bajoel encabezado del concepto de los 5 Activos de los MVS: físicos, naturales, humanos, económicos-financieros y sociales-culturales-políticos. Se utilizó la caja de herramientas fuzzy de Matlab parala evaluación difusa de la capacidad de adaptación y la sensibilidad, los dos componentes de la vulnerabilidad. Para la especificación de la sensibilidad agrícola, sobre la base del cambio de aptitud delos cultivos de maíz, fríjol, plátano, yuca y café, entre 2015 y 2030, se aprovechó la disponibilidad de bases de datos como WorldClim, Ecocrop, IPCC y software como DivaGis y ArcGIS. La metodologíademostró ser promisoria como alternativa a los métodos lineales para medir la vulnerabilidad frente al cambio climático y permitió responder adecuadamente las tres preguntas de investigació Based on the concept of complex, dynamic, non-linear systems that integrate the man-nature relationship, a methodology based on fuzzy logic for determining vulnerability to climate change is proposed. Its application takes effect by rural households in the districts on the hillsides of Cali, choosing as a model the Sustainable Livelihood (SL) framework. Primary information was obtained from a survey among residents under the heading of the concept of the 5 SLAssets: physical, natural, human, economic-financial, socio-cultural-political. Matlab Fuzzy toolbox for fuzzy evaluationof adaptability and sensitivity, the two components of vulnerability is used. For specification of agricultural sensitivity, based on the change of suitability of maize, beans, bananas, cassava and coffee between 2015 and 2030, it was made the most of the availability of databases as WorldClim, Ecocrop, IPCC and software as a DivaGis and ArcGIS. The methodology proved to be promising as an alternative to linear methods to measure vulnerability to climate change and allowed adequately answering the three research questions

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    Authors: Broom, Donald M;

    Actualmente existe una creciente preocupación pública por el bienestar de los animales en la mayoría de los países del mundo. Los estudios etológicos aplicados de motivación, cognición y de complejidad del comportamiento social en los animales, han generado un veloz desarrollo de la ciencia del bienestar animal. Una definición de bienestar animal es: el estado del individuo respecto a sus intentos de enfrentar el ambiente en que se encuentra. El bienestar está relacionado con todos los mecanismos para enfrentarlo: involucrando la fisiología, el comportamiento, las sentimientos y las respuestas patológicas. Bienestar es un término más amplio que salud, pero la salud es una parte importante del bienestar. Con el objetivo de respetar las leyes y normas, el bienestar animal cuenta con algunos indicadores que son de gran utilidad. Gran cantidad de las mediciones del bienestar se utilizan para indicar que tan bueno o que tan pobre es el bienestar. El concepto de bienestar animal y sus métodos de evaluación se enseñan ahora en cientos de universidades de todo el mundo. En los últimos años, el bienestar animal se ha establecido como uno de los criterios utilizados para decidir si un sistema es sostenible y si la calidad del producto es buena. La legislación sobre cómo los animales deben mantenerse ahora se refiere a los indicadores de resultados de bienestar y al análisis de la literatura científica sobre el bienestar animal incluyendo la evaluación de beneficio-riesgo. There is now increasing public concern about the welfare of animals in most countries of the world. Applied ethological studies of motivation, cognition and the complexity of social behaviour in animals has resulted in the rapid development of animal welfare science. A definition of animal welfare is: the state of the individual as regards its attempts to cope with its environment. Welfare concerns all of the mechanisms for coping: involving physiology, behaviour, feelings and pathological responses. Welfare is a wider term than health but health is an important part of welfare. In order to enforce laws and standards, animal welfare outcome indicators are useful. Many measures of welfare are now used and indicate how good or how poor the welfare is. The concept of animal welfare and the methods of assessment are now taught in hundreds of universities around the world. In recent years, animal welfare has become established as one of the criteria used to decide on whether a system is sustainable and whether product quality is good. Legislation on how animals should be kept is now referring to welfare outcome indicators and analysis of the scientific literature about animal welfare includes risk assessment and benefit assessment. Atualmente há uma crescente preocupação pública sobre bem-estar animal na maioria dos países. Aplicados estudos etológicos de cognição, motivação e complexidade do comportamento social nos animais, levaram a um rápido desenvolvimento da ciência do bem-estar animal. A definição de bem-estar animal é o estado do indivíduo em suas tentativas de lidar com o ambiente em que ele está localizado. O bem-estar está relacionada com todos os mecanismos para lidar: envolver a fisiologia, comportamento, sentimentos e resposta patológica. Bem-estar é um termo mais amplo de saúde, mas a saúde é uma parte importante do ser. A fim de respeitar as leis e regulamentos, bem-estar animal tem alguns indicadores que são úteis. Um grande número de medidas a ser utilizado para indicar o quão bom ou quão pobre é o bem- estar. O conceito de bem-estar animal e os seus métodos de avaliação são agora ensinadas em centenas de universidades ao redor do mundo. Nos últimos anos, bem-estar animal foi estabelecida como um dos critérios utilizados para decidir se um sistema é sustentável e se a qualidade do produto é bom. A legislação sobre como os animais devem ser mantidos agora se refere a indicadores de resultados bem-estar e análise da literatura científica sobre bem-estar animal, incluindo a avaliação benefício-risco.

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    Authors: orcid bw Castro Salazar, José Ignacio;
    Castro Salazar, José Ignacio
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    ⚠️ Nota importante: Esta versión ha sido reemplazada por una versión actualizada disponible en https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15519612. Por favor, cite y consulte esa versión. Escuelas Comunitarias Sostenibles: Manual de Educación Ambiental Comunitaria is a practical and didactic guide aimed at community educators, facilitators, and organizations promoting sustainable development in Indigenous and rural territories. This manual combines local and scientific knowledge on biodiversity, water, clean energy, and agroecology, using a participatory and intercultural approach. It was produced within the framework of the project Comunidades Mayas Sustentables and has undergone rigorous academic and pedagogical peer review. ESPAÑOL: Escuelas Comunitarias Sostenibles: Manual de Educación Ambiental Comunitaria es una guía práctica y didáctica dirigida a educadores comunitarios, facilitadores y organizaciones que promueven el desarrollo sostenible en territorios indígenas y rurales. El manual integra saberes locales y conocimiento científico sobre biodiversidad, agua, energías limpias y agroecología, con un enfoque participativo e intercultural. Fue elaborado en el marco del proyecto Comunidades Mayas Sustentables y ha sido sometido a un riguroso proceso de dictamen académico y pedagógico.

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    Authors: orcid bw Castro, Jose Esteban;
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    Castro, Jose Esteban in OpenAIRE
    Sauri Pujol, David; Sanzana Calvet, Martin; Tagle-Zamora, Daniel; +4 Authors

    In this issue we address the practice of rainwater harvesting in different settings, presenting experiences from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Paraguay. Some of the papers were originally presented at the IX International Meeting of the WATERLAT-GOBACIT Network“Water, Rights, and Utopias: priorities in the process of democratization of water politics“, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil, 3-7 September 2018. Article 1 was authored by David Sauri, from the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain, co-editor of this issue. The article provides an overall introduction to the topic of rainwater harvesting. Article 2, by Martin Sanzana Calvet, Institute of Strategic Studies for Human Development (INEDH), Concepción, Bio-Bio, Chile, addresses the practice of fog catching in arid and semi arid regions of Chile. In Article 3, Daniel Tagle-Zamora, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, presents findings from research on the implementation of public policies oriented at the provision of rainwater catchment technologies, mostly for domestic use ,in several municipalities of the semi arid State of Guanajuato, Mexico. Article 4 was co-authored by Roberto de Sousa Miranda, Federal University of the interior of Pernambuco and Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil, and Laiany Tassila Ferreira, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.The article discusses the implementation of a national plan to provide rainwater cisterns in the semi arid region of North eastern Brazil, with emphasis on the experience of the State of Paraiba. Finally, Article 5, by Ana Maria Attias Sole and Ricardo Lombardo Lopez, from the North-eastern National University, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina, provides an overview of the historic legacy of water practices and technologies inherited fromthe“syncretism”between indigenous communities (Tupi-Guarani), and the Jesuit territorial expansion that took place between the early seventeenth and the mid eighteenth centuries in a large region of South America encompassing parts of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The article focuses mainly on examples from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, and provides insights into the significance of historical-cultural research in the production of knowledge about rainwater technologies and the associated culture and practices, which also contributes to our network’s Thematic Area 7, Water-related Art, Communication, Culture, and Education.

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