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  • Energy Research
  • 13. Climate action
  • 11. Sustainability
  • 3. Good health
  • ES
  • Spanish; Castilian

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ayestarán, Ignacio;

    Focusing on a global world, we should seek to understand the architecture of sustainable networks between the (real) biosphere and the (virtual) technoosphere, from the World Wide Web to the global ecology, from the Internet to Gaia in a symbiotic planet, where the Earth is a global brain/mind Desde un mundo global, deberíamos perseguir la comprensión de la arquitectura de redes sostenibles entre la biosfera (real) y la tecnoosfera (virtual), desde la World Wide Web hasta la ecología global, desde Internet a Gaia en un planeta simbiótico, donde la Tierra es un cerebro o mente global

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    Authors: Cristóbal García, Jorge;

    De continuar con el ritmo de emisión de contaminantes alcanzado en los últimos años, y más concretamente de dióxido de carbono (CO2), las previsiones sobre su concentración en la atmósfera son dramáticas (por encima de 600 ppmv) con unas consecuencias irreversibles para el planeta. Para logar las reducciones de contaminantes que se acuerdan en las cumbres internacionales es necesario, entre otras medidas, la reducción de emisiones en la producción de electricidad a partir de combustibles fósiles, entre ellos el carbón. La presente Tesis Doctoral propone una metodología y una serie de herramientas de toma de decisión cuyo fin es evaluar y aumentar la sostenibilidad del proceso de generación de electricidad a partir del carbón. Esta metodología está basada en programación matemática para resolver problemas de optimización multi-objetivo. Además es aplicable a un amplio rango de procesos e industrias que se enfrenten a problemas de decisión similares If the pollutant emission level continues as usual in the late years, especially those of carbon dioxide (CO2), the atmosphere concentration projections are dramatic (above 600 ppmv) with irreversible consequences to the planet. In order to achieve the binding targets of reductions agreed in the international summit meetings, it is necessary the reduction of emissions from the electricity production from fossil-fueled power plants, especially coal-fired. The objective of this work is developing a methodology and providing tools that help in the decision making process in order to evaluate and enhance the sustainability of the electricity production process form coal. This methodology is based on mathematical programming that allows solving multi-objective optimization problems. Besides, it is applicable to a wide range of processes and industries that face similar decision problems.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2013
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    Authors: Aznar Minguet, Pilar; Ull, M. Ángeles; Martínez-Agut, M. Pilar; Piñero, Albert;

    El objetivo principal de este estudio se dirige a diagnosticar el nivel de introducción de la sostenibilidad en las actividades docentes y facilitar la autoevaluación profesional del profesorado universitario desde criterios de sostenibilidad.El estudio está basado en la investigación evaluativa como metodología asociada al paradigma sociocrítico; se analizan los resultados de la aplicación de un cuestionario autodiagnóstico validado, dirigido al profesorado de las áreas científico-técnicas de la Universitat de València. En el proceso sistemático de recogida y análisis de la información se han aplicado criterios para garantizar la calidad del juicio emitido.Los resultados ofrecen un diagnóstico sobre la inclusión de la sostenibilidad en la docencia en las áreas de Ciencias e Ingeniería, objeto del estudio, y pueden servir como punto de partida para iniciar un proceso de cambio y transición hacia prácticas docentes que incluyan los principios, criterios y valores relacionados con la sostenibilidad. L'objectiu principal d'aquest estudi es dirigeix a diagnosticar el nivell d'introducció de la sostenibilitat en les activitats docents i facilitar l'autoavaluació professional del professorat universitari des de criteris de sostenibilitat.L'estudi està basat en la recerca evaluativa com a metodologia associada al paradigma sociocrític; s'analitzen els resultats de l'aplicació d'un qüestionari autodiagnòstic validat, dirigit al professorat de les àrees cientificotècniques de la Universitat de València. En el procés sistemàtic de recollida i anàlisi de la informació s'han aplicat criteris per garantir la qualitat del judici emès.Els resultats ofereixen un diagnòstic sobre la inclusió de la sostenibilitat en la docència a les àrees de Ciències i Enginyeria, objecte de l'estudi, i poden servir com a punt de partida per iniciar un procés de canvi i transició cap a pràctiques docents que incloguin els principis, criteris i valors relacionats amb la sostenibilitat. The overall objective of our study is focused on diagnosing the level of introduction of sustainability in teaching activities and to facilitate professional self-assessment of University teachers under sustainability criteria.The study is based on evaluative research as a methodology associated to the socio-critical paradigm. The results of a validated self-assessment questionnaire addressed to the teachers of the scientific-technical areas of the University of Valencia, are analyzed.The results offer a diagnosis about the inclusion of sustainability in the areas of Sciences and Engineering under the scope of this study, and serve as starting point to begin a change and transition process towards teaching methodologies including principles, criteria and values dealing with sustainability.

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    Authors: Rinaudo, María Eugenia;

    El cambio climático, es hoy en día, una de las problemáticas socio-ambientales mas importantes que deberá enfrentar la humanidad para su misma salvación. Sin contar con el equilibrio necesario que deberá tener en cuenta el hombre con el sistema ambiental para de esta forma, poder establecer los naturales parámetros en la biosfera. Por este motivo, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, desde hace muchos años, se han unido a este esfuerzo y ha consolidado en Protocolos, Reglamentos y Conferencias Internacionales el trabajo en equipo de países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo de todo el mundo, estableciendo, tecnologías a favor del ambiente, financiamientos «verdes» y demás mecanismos favorables al entorno y al hombre. En este caso, la última Conferencia Internacional gestionada por las Naciones Unidas, fue el año pasado, 2010, en Cancún, donde se celebro la COP-16 y la CMP-6 y donde representantes de grandes y pequeños países de todo el mundofueron los protagonistas del evento, en el cual, se lograron establecer financiamientos a favor de tecnologías «verdes» y desarrollos limpios, así como próximas actividades para proteger los diversos ecosistemas y especies animales. Y sobre todo, la principal meta de esta COP fue restablecer la confianza de las poblaciones del mundo entero en una próxima unión consolidada entre todos los países para poder luchar en contra del cambio climático. The climate change is today one of the social and environment problems most important that will face thehumanity for his own salvation. Not to mention, with the necessary balance that must take account of the man with the environmental system, to thus natural to establish the parameters in the biosphere. For this reason, the United Nations, for many years, has joined this effort and has built in Protocols, Regulationsand International Conferences, the teamwork of both developed and developing countries worldwide, establishing, technologies for the environment, financing «green» and other mechanisms pro-environment and man. In this case, the last International Conference maintained by the United Nations, was last year, 2010, in Cancun, where he held the COP-16 and CMP-6, where representatives of large and small countries around the world were the protagonists of this event, which is able to establish funding for «green» technologies and clean development, and future activities to protect the various ecosystems and animal species. And above all, the main goal of the COP was to restore the confidence of the peoples of the world for an upcoming union established among all countries to fight climate change.

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    Authors: Torres-Alruiz, María Daniela; Ulloa-Torrealba, Yrneh;

    La construcción de una agenda de Adaptación al cambio climático es un proceso políticamente complejo, ni neutral, ni intrínsecamente benigno que crea un campo discursivo para la acción de distintas entidades sociales, con intereses y perspectivas particulares que proponen direcciones de transformación con efectos sociales concretos. Cabe preguntarse entonces, cuáles son esas direcciones, desde dónde se hacen y a qué posición política tributan. Para Venezuela, nación considerada como Vulnerable por Naciones Unidas (CMNUCC) ¿qué caracteriza al discurso tecnopolítico con el que contribuye su comunidad académica a esa agenda? y ¿cómo representa el proceso de Adaptación en él?. En este trabajo se respondieron estas preguntas analizando la estructura de las redes de colaboración y capital social asociado a los autores y grupos de investigación identificados en la literatura, así como sus prácticas científicas, descritas a través de la sistematización de información relativa a los enfoques metodológicos, productividad científica entre otros. Se encuentra una comunidad altamente fragmentada inscrita en la narrativa de gestión de riesgos y contención de impactos del cambio climático, característica del momento histórico de construcción de consensos multilaterales y de la noción de cambio climático antropogénico. Se discuten algunas de implicaciones ecológico-políticas de los resultados obtenidos. The construction of an agenda for Climate Change Adaptation is a neither neutral nor intrinsically good, politically complex process. It builds a discoursive field were different social entities with particular interests and perspectives interact with each other while putting forward transformation paths with diverse social consequencies. Therefore, it is valid to ask, which are those paths, how are they developed, and to which political view are they aligned? For Venezuela, a country designated as Vulnerable by the UN (UNFCCC), what characterizes the techno-political discourse of the Venezuelan academic community that contributes to this Agenda, and how does it describe the Adaptation process? In the following work, these questions were answered by analyzing the structure of co-authorship and social capital networks associated with the authors and research groups identified in the literature. Moreoever, the scientific practices were described through the systematization of information related to their methodological approaches and scientific productivity, among others. There is a highly fragmented community framed in the narrative of risk management and reduction of climate change impacts, characteristic of the historical moment of construction of multilateral consensus and of the notion of anthropogenic climate change. Some of the ecological-political implications of the results obtained are discussed.

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    Authors: Albo Sánchez, Jonathan;

    La Captura y Almacenamiento de dióxido de Carbono (CAC), es una tecnología orientada a mitigar el impacto de los gases de efecto invernadero producidos en la quema de combustibles fósiles en procesos industriales y de generación de energía, donde la captura de dióxido de carbono (CO2) supone el cuello de botella del proceso, y por tanto donde deben centrarse los esfuerzos. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es la intensificación del proceso de absorción de CO2 convencional en dos etapas: i) Sustitución del equipamiento convencional (e.g. torres de absorción) por sistemas de membranas para una absorción no dispersiva que elimine el arrastre de gotas y, ii) Sustitución del absorbente de referencia (monoetanolamina, MEA) por líquidos iónicos, con presión de vapor despreciable, que permite eliminar las pérdidas de disolvente por volatilización. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se desarrolla un proceso con cero emisiones de disolvente mediante la integración de equipos de membranas y líquidos iónicos, como estrategia para la intensificación del proceso de captura de CO2 de post-combustión. Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS), is a technology aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas impacts from fossil fuels combustion in industrial and energy-related processes where, carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is the bottleneck step where the efforts have to be applied. In this context, the aim of this work is to intensify the absorption process by two steps: i) Substitution of conventional equipment (e.g. scrubbers) for non-dispersive absoprtion membrane systems to avoid drops dragging and, ii) Substitution of the reference absorption solvent (monoethanolamine, MEA) for ionic liquids, with negligible vapour pressure, to avoid solvent losses due to volatilization of the solvent into gas stream. Thereby, in this PhD Thesis a zero solvent emission process trough the integration of membrane systems and ionic liquids is developed as a process intensification strategy for the recovery of CO2 from post-combustion streams.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
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      Doctoral thesis . 2012
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    Authors: Caguana Pinguil, Segundo Miguel;

    Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Cooperació al Desenvolupament (Pla de 2015) (A distància). Codi: SRP531. Curs acadèmic: 2018-2019 Este trabajo situando en un contexto específico de la Sierra Andina del Ecuador ubicado a una altitud sobre los 2800 msnm, analiza las transformaciones del sistema producción de los pequeños productores frente a los actuales cambios que está provocando el cambio climático. Según las indagaciones realizadas en tres comunidades con asentamientos de población mayoritariamente indígenas, se pone de relieve que las metamorfosis de los sistemas de producción, no responden precisamente a los cambios en el patrón del clima sino a la interacción de varios factores como la fuerza de trabajo, la inestabilidad de precios y el aumento de la demanda de leche. En la micro región pese a los cambios en la temperatura media y precipitación, existe un proceso de adaptación basada en opciones tecnológicas como el sistema de riego que ha permitido reducir los riesgos del cambio climático porque el riego está garantizando la producción de los cultivos y pastos. En el último decenio la carencia de mano de obra y la creciente demanda de leche a nivel nacional ha cambiando los patrones de producción, con dedicación a la ganadería de pequeña escala porque en la percepción de los agricultores, el sistema de crianza es la menos dependiente de la mano de obra y poco forzoso para las mujeres. Los agricultores no han abandono en su totalidad las chacras sino continúan practicando en superficies pequeñas con implicaciones en la disminución de áreas de cultivos en relación al antaño, provocando impactos negativos en la soberanía alimentaria porque al reducir áreas de cosechas la oferta de producción local disminuye en el mercado. Aunque la soberanía alimentaria familiar también está en riesgo porque la población está volcando a consumir productos de bajo contenido nutricional. This work, focused in a specific area of the Andean Sierra of Ecuador located at an altitude of over 2,800 meters above sea level, analyzes the transformations of the production system of small producers facing the current threats caused by climate change. According to the inquiries made in three communities with mostly indigenous population settlements, it is emphasized that the metamorphoses of production systems do not respond precisely to changes in the weather pattern but to the interaction of several factors such as the work force, price instability and the increase in milk demand. In the micro region, despite the changes in the average temperature and precipitation, there is a process of adaptation based on technological options, such as the irrigation system, that has allowed reducing the risks of climate change because irrigation is guaranteeing the production of crops and pastures. In the last decade the lack of workforce and the growing demand for milk at the national level has changed production patterns, with dedication to small-scale livestock because, in the perception of farmers, the system of rearing is the least dependent of labor and not very difficult for women. Farmers have not left the farms in completely but continue practicing on small areas with a result of the reduction of crop areas in relation to the past, causing negative impacts on food sovereignty because by reducing crop areas the supply of local production decreases in the market. However, the family food sovereignty is also at risk because the population is turning to consume products with low nutritional content.

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    The HABITAT SOSTENIBLE project aims to contribute to improving the competitiveness of companies in the housing and construction sector, based on the incorporation of the main lines of R+D+i developed from the Technology Institute Network of the Valencian Community (REDIT). This document describes the main trends and digital applied technologies that are revolutionizing the housing and construction sector in order to generate R+D+i ideas in short and medium term related with his ecologic transition. Project funded by the Generalitat Valenciana (Vicepresidència Segona i Conselleria d'Habitatge i Arquitectura Bioclimàtica). Línea: S1537000 CPI: 22-VISCHAB19-02-20

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    Authors: Merino García, Iván;

    La mitigación del cambio climático representa uno de los principales retos a los que se enfrenta la humanidad. En este contexto, la electrorreducción de CO2 hacia hidrocarburos representa una solución prometedora para disminuir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles utilizados en la síntesis de productos químicos, ayudando, al mismo tiempo, a mantener el CO2 en un ciclo neutro en carbono. Existen, sin embargo, desafíos importantes para que esta tecnología pueda ser de aplicación, principalmente relacionados con el material catalítico. La presente tesis tiene como objetivo el diseño, puesta a punto y aplicación de un sistema experimental a escala de laboratorio para la valorización electroquímica de CO2 en fase gas hacia hidrocarburos en modo continuo. De este modo, se lleva a cabo un análisis del estado del arte para la valorización de CO2 en reactores electroquímicos de membrana, se diseña y pone a punto un sistema experimental para evaluar la producción de hidrocarburos en una celda de tipo filtro prensa, se estudia la reacción empleando nanopartículas de Cu como material catalítico y diferentes condiciones de operación, se evalúa la selectividad del proceso mediante la variación del tamaño de partícula y se desarrollan materiales bimetálicos basados en Cu para mejorar el proceso electrocatalítico. The mitigation of climate change represents one of the main challenges for humankind. In this context, the electrochemical CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons represents a promising solution to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels for the synthesis of chemicals, helping to recycle CO2 at the same time. There are, however, important challenges for the applicability of this technology, which are mainly related to the catalytic material. The aim of this PhD Thesis is the design, set-up and application of an experimental system at laboratory scale for the electrochemical gas-phase CO2 valorization to hydrocarbons in continuous mode. Thus, an analysis of the state of the art on electrochemical membrane reactors for CO2 utilization is carried out. In addition, the design and set-up of an experimental system to evaluate the production of hydrocarbons in a filter-press type cell is performed. Moreover, the reaction is studied using Cu nanoparticles as catalytic material and different operating conditions. The selectivity of the process is also evaluated by varying particle size. Finally, the development of Cu-based bimetallic materials is carried out to enhance the electrocatalytic process.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2018
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2018
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    Authors: Martí Noguera, Pau; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Escola d'Enginyeria;

    En una ciudad como Barcelona, en la que la densidad del tráfico es tan grande, es importante tener una buena gestión semafórica. Uno de los puntos más influyentes en la gestión, es la sincronización y duración de las fases de los semáforos. En el caso de poder gestionar remotamente dichos parámetros, se podría gestionar el tráfico de manera inteligente y sostenible, siendo más eficiente. Hoy en día, gracias a la tecnología, es posible interactuar con el equipamiento urbano de manera remota. El problema es que en el barrio de Sant Martí no se podía hacer porque no están bien estructurados los grupos semafóricos. Si además de este problema le incorporas el tráfico del tranvía, hace que sea más necesaria una restructuración. En este trabajo se propone comenzar por reorganizar los grupos de semáforos que afectan al tranvía, dado que es una pieza importante en la movilidad. El tranvía mueve una gran cantidad de la población y es importante que su trayecto sea fluido. Si consigo tener una buena organización, se puede actuar remotamente con los semáforos que regulan su trayecto, forzando unas fases de "verde" que ayuden a su fluidez. Los resultados de haber interferido con las fases de los semáforos del tranvía se traducen en un tráfico más fluido, unos tiempos de trayecto más cortos y más sostenibilidad In a city like Barcelona, where traffic density is so high, it is important to have good traffic light management. One of the most influential points in the management, is the synchronization and duration of the traffic light phases. If these parameters could be managed remotely, traffic could be managed in an intelligent and sustainable way, being more efficient. Today, thanks to technology, it is possible to interact with urban equipment remotely. The problem is that in the Sant Martí neighborhood this could not be done because the traffic light groups are not well structured. If you add to this problem the traffic of the tramway, it makes a restructuring even more necessary. In this work we propose to start by reorganizing the traffic light groups that affect the tramway, since it is an important part of mobility. The streetcar moves a large amount of the population and it is important that its route is fluid. If I manage to have a good organization, it is possible to act remotely with the traffic lights that regulate its path, forcing "green" phases that help its fluidity. The results of having interfered with the streetcar's traffic light phases translate into smoother traffic, shorter travel times and more sustainability

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