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Artículos en revistas In this paper we propose a methodology to approximate closed loop capacity equilibria using only open loop capacity equilibrium models. In the closed loop model, generation companies choose capacities that maximize their individual profit in the first stage while the second stage represents the conjecturedprice- response market equilibrium. In the open loop model, firms simultaneously choose capacities and quantities to maximize their individual profit, while each firm conjectures a price response to its output decisions. The closed loop equilibrium model is an equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints, which belongs to a class of problems that is very hard to solve. The open loop equilibrium model is much easier to solve, however, it is also less realistic. With the approximation scheme proposed in this paper, we are able to solve the closed loop model reasonably well when market behavior is closer to oligopoly than to perfect competition by smartly employing open loop models which reduces the computational time by two orders of magnitude. We achieve this by transforming the open loop equilibrium problem into an equivalent convex quadratic optimization problem which can be solved efficiently. Finally, a case study is presented in order to validate the proposed approximation scheme. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Artículos en revistas There has been total unanimity about the vital importance of reliability of supply since the beginning of the electricity sector deregulation process. This paper describes the procedure proposed by Pérez-Arriaga et al. [2005. White paper for the reform of the regulatory scheme of the power generation in Spain. For the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade of Spain (in Spanish)] to improve upon the current scheme to guarantee a reasonable reserve margin, the capacity payment mechanism. This alternative design introduces improvements aimed at guaranteeing at least a minimum capacity reserve margin, as well as at providing a strong incentive for generating units to be available when needed, namely, in situations when supply is likely to be insufficient to meet the total demand. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Capítulos en libros This paper describes a strategic information platform developed for the German electric utility Eon, to provide historical bidding analysis and medium-term forecasting of the Iberian Electricity Market. This platform, PLAMER, has three main modules: Initialization module, consisting of different sub-modules to define the electrical system structure and to organize the input data of the rest of modules, PLAMER-bids, to read, aggregate and visualize market historical bids and also to prepare them for their future forecasted values, and PLAMER-clearing, for market clearing emulation using forecasted bids. PLAMER-clearing models the Iberian market based on a bid clearing mechanism with an inherent market splitting procedure. This market splitting is built with a bi-nodal simplification, one node representing the Spanish System and the other the Portuguese one. Both are simply connected by a unique equivalent interconnection line. The medium term clearing model uses a generation portfolio per generation company in terms of technologies, for supplying monthly demand for different load levels, and labour and non-labour periods. Some technical constraints, such as minimum outputs and pumping energy balance, are also taking into account. The mathematical problem of PLAMER-clearing is a quadratic programming model solved using GAMS language and CPLEX optimizer. Finally, a real Iberian case study is detailed and some market splitting outputs are analyzed. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Wind power can help ensure regional energy security and also mitigate both global greenhouse gas and local air pollutant emissions, leading to co-benefits. With rapid installation of wind power equipment, it is critical to uncover the embodied emissions of greenhouse gas and air pollutants from wind power sector so that emission mitigation costs can be compared with a typical coal-fired power plant. In order to reach such a target, we conduct a life cycle analysis for wind power sector by using the Chinese inventory standards. Wind farms only release 1/40 of the total CO2 emissions that would be produced by the coal power system for the same amount of power generation, which is equal to 97.48% of CO2 emissions reduction. Comparing with coal power system, wind farms can also significantly reduce air pollutants (SO2, NOX and PM10), leading to 80.38%, 57.31% and 30.91% of SO2, NOX and PM10 emissions reduction, respectively. By considering both recycling and disposal, wind power system could reduce 2.74×104 t of CO2 emissions, 5.65×104 kg of NOX emissions, 2.95×105 kg of SO2 emissions and 7.97×104 kg of PM10 emissions throughout its life cycle. In terms of mitigation cost, a wind farm could benefit 37.14 US$ from mitigating 1ton of CO2 emissions. The mitigation cost rates of air pollutants were 7.94 US$/kg of SO2, 10.79 US$/kg of NOx, and 80.79 US$/kg of PM10.Our research results strongly support the development of wind power so that more environmental benefits can be gained. However, decentralized wind power developers should consider not only project locations close to the demand of electricity and wind resources, but also the convenient transportation for construction and recycling, while centralized wind power developers should focus on incorporating wind power into the grids in order to avoid wind power loss.

Abstract Level(s) is a common European Union framework of core sustainability indicators for measuring the performance of buildings along their life cycle, enabling emissions reductions and circular resource flows. A fundamental tool for the development of European policies to boost the market for sustainable, resilient and climate change adapted buildings. The objective of this study is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field of sustainable building research, through the definition of strategies to adopt Level(s) for bringing buildings into the Circular Economy. For this reason, a triple SWOT-Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-TOWS analysis was applied. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the Level(s) have been identified in relation to the availability of resources, product quality, internal and market structure, consumer perception, among others. The results obtained are conclusive in terms of the experts’ positive assessment of the tool; highlighting factors such as its response to the need to adapt buildings to climate change, its a standard reference language, and its use in multiple situations. However, several barriers have also been identified, which may affect its development, including its complexity of use, its lack of self-sufficiency, and its dependence the criteria used in each evaluation. Finally, the key strategies to be carried out for the implementation of the Levels have been established.

The world, society and education are constantly evolving, and to respond to these changes, the main governmental institutions have been proposing different global strategies to focus efforts in the same direction. Currently, the United Nations and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) have presented a series of indicators that could help to minimise the environmental, economic and social instability we are experiencing. In this sense, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been described as a fundamental factor. Specifically, in previous work, we argued that physical education (PE) could be a good tool to contribute to SDGs. Based on this, no research analysing the voices of Physical Education Teachers (PET) on how this contribution could be made has been identified in previous literature. Therefore, the objectives of this research are: (1) to analyse the voices and opinions of active PETs in terms of the knowledge they have about Sustainable Development (SD); (2) to determine their opinions about the contribution that PE could make to SDGs; and finally, (3) to identify the challenges and limitations of pedagogical action of SD in PE. For this purpose, a qualitative analysis through a semi-structured interview with 41 active PETs was carried out. The main findings will be presented and discussed around four themes: (a) agreement on the concept of sustainability; (b) PE can contribute to the achievement of SDGs; (c) ambiguity in applying SDGs to PE lessons; and (d) teachers’ constraints on how to implement SDGs in PE. It seems to indicate that PETs do not have a multidimensional vision of sustainable development. While they recognise the potential of PE to contribute to SDGs through awareness raising and student learning, they point to its pedagogical and formative constraints as the main barriers to being able to contribute. They pointed to a lack of knowledge on how to do so, guidelines on how to integrate ESD, lack of involvement, shortage of time or resources in school physical education.

This paper proposes a linear programming problem to find the optimal planning and operation of aggregated distributed energy resources (DER), managed by an aggregator that participates in the day-ahead wholesale electricity market as a price-maker agent. The proposed model analyzes the impact of the size of the aggregated resources and gives the optimal planning and management of DER systems, and the corresponding energy transactions in the wholesale day-ahead market. The results suggest that when the aggregated resources are large enough, DER systems can achieve up to 32% extra economic benefits depending on the market share, compared with a business-as-usual approach (not implementing DER systems). info:eu-repo/semantics/draft

The implementation of micro-cogeneration plants in residential buildings requires a technical and economic viability study. This analysis depends greatly on the regulatory framework controlling this kind of installations, which is characterized by its variability and great uncertainty. Viability is also closely related to the sizing of devices and their integration within the plant, as well as to its global operation. Although different methods are used for sizing micro-cogeneration installations, there is no methodology to determine the optimal capacity of the thermal energy storage and the auxiliary generation system in the design phase. Since the optimal strategy of the whole plant is not taken into account in this project phase, the installation is usually oversized, decreasing the efficiency of the plant and increasing the overall cost. The aim of this paper is to analyze the viability study of micro-cogeneration systems with integrated thermal energy storage and determine the influence of this on the final results. Furthermore, a mathematical linear programming-based model is proposed, where the optimal behavior of the different devices is predicted in the design phase in order to determine the optimal sizing of both the tank and the auxiliary boiler. The developed model can be a useful tool in viability analysis and can easily be reproduced by engineers and researchers. In conclusion, the optimal integration and sizing of the thermal energy storage considerably improve the thermodynamic, economic and environmental results This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the European Regional Development Fund through the MONITHERM project ‘Investigation of monitoring techniques of occupied buildings for their thermal characterization and methodology to identify their key performance indicators’, project reference: RTI2018-096296-B-C22 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE)