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  • Energy Research
  • 7. Clean energy
  • ES
  • EU
  • Spanish; Castilian

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Albo Sánchez, Jonathan;

    La Captura y Almacenamiento de dióxido de Carbono (CAC), es una tecnología orientada a mitigar el impacto de los gases de efecto invernadero producidos en la quema de combustibles fósiles en procesos industriales y de generación de energía, donde la captura de dióxido de carbono (CO2) supone el cuello de botella del proceso, y por tanto donde deben centrarse los esfuerzos. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es la intensificación del proceso de absorción de CO2 convencional en dos etapas: i) Sustitución del equipamiento convencional (e.g. torres de absorción) por sistemas de membranas para una absorción no dispersiva que elimine el arrastre de gotas y, ii) Sustitución del absorbente de referencia (monoetanolamina, MEA) por líquidos iónicos, con presión de vapor despreciable, que permite eliminar las pérdidas de disolvente por volatilización. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se desarrolla un proceso con cero emisiones de disolvente mediante la integración de equipos de membranas y líquidos iónicos, como estrategia para la intensificación del proceso de captura de CO2 de post-combustión. Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS), is a technology aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas impacts from fossil fuels combustion in industrial and energy-related processes where, carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is the bottleneck step where the efforts have to be applied. In this context, the aim of this work is to intensify the absorption process by two steps: i) Substitution of conventional equipment (e.g. scrubbers) for non-dispersive absoprtion membrane systems to avoid drops dragging and, ii) Substitution of the reference absorption solvent (monoethanolamine, MEA) for ionic liquids, with negligible vapour pressure, to avoid solvent losses due to volatilization of the solvent into gas stream. Thereby, in this PhD Thesis a zero solvent emission process trough the integration of membrane systems and ionic liquids is developed as a process intensification strategy for the recovery of CO2 from post-combustion streams.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tesis Doctorals en X...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tesis Doctorals en X...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Fernández-Tirado, Francisca; Parra-López, Carlos;

    El fomento de los biocarburantes ha constituido en los últimos años un tema de gran controversia y polémica a nivel académico, político y social, debido a las repercusiones ambientales, económicas y sociales que el uso y la producción de los mismos pueden desencadenar. Mientras la mayoría de los gobiernos están apostando por el fomento de los biocarburantes, principalmente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y mejorar la seguridad en el abastecimiento de combustibles, numerosas voces están surgiendo en contra de los mismos, haciéndoles responsables de problemas tales como el aumento del precio de los alimentos. En la UE, la propuesta de Directiva relativa al fomento del uso de energía procedente de fuentes renovables, ha condicionado el fomento de los biocarburantes a la sostenibilidad de los mismos, con el objetivo de evitar graves repercusiones negativas. De esta forma los Estados miembros han de diseñar un sistema de apoyo para fomentar el uso de biocarburantes siempre que cumplan con una serie de criterios de sostenibilidad, previéndose un mayor soporte institucional a la producción y consumo de biocarburantes que aporten ventajas adicionales. En este trabajo se ha definido un modelo multicriterio para evaluar la sostenibilidad de la producción y consumo de los biocarburantes en España. Para definir el modelo se ha combinado una metodología de decisión multicriterio discreta, el proceso analítico jerárquico (AHP), con un sistema de indicadores, incluyendo una serie de criterios (ambientales, económicos y sociales) que una serie de expertos han considerado de relevancia en España para evaluar la sostenibilidad de los biocarburantes. AHP es una metodología que permite la resolución de problemas de toma de decisiones complejas, en las que existen múltiples criterios y actores implicados, en escenarios de gran incertidumbre y riesgo, como ocurre en el caso de los biocarburantes. El modelo aquí propuesto permite la evaluación de criterios y variables tanto en un contexto de ‘comparabilidad fuerte’ de valores (sistema de indicadores), como de ‘comparabilidad débil’ (AHP). Mientras los indicadores permiten una medición directa y exacta de las variables, cuando éstas existen o son posibles de calcular, la técnica AHP permite la comparación de variables inconmensurables, para las que no existe una unidad común de medida. El modelo permite establecer un orden de prioridades de naturaleza escalar del nivel de sostenibilidad de diferentes tipos de biocarburantes, que puede orientar a los decisores políticos para establecer un sistema de apoyo a los mismos, teniendo en cuenta tanto las ventajas como los inconvenientes económicos, ambientales y sociales que presentan unos biocarburantes con respecto a otros, tal y como señala la normativa europea. The promotion of biofuels is now a subject of great controversy in academic, political and social contexts, because of potential environmental, economic and social repercussions that biofuels might trigger, such as increasing food prices, or the loss of biodiversity. The European Directive on the promotion of renewable energy use (CE, 2009) has conditioned’the development of biofuels to their sustainability, in order to avoid negative impacts. Thus, Member States will have to design support systems to encourage the use of biofuels provided they meet certain criteria of sustainability, planning further institutional support for those biofuels which provide additional benefits. This work defines a multicriteria model to evaluate the sustainability of biofuels in Spain through a discrete multiple criteria decision methodology, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with a system of indicators. The proposed model allows the assessment of criteria and variables in a context of 'strong comparability' of values (by the system of indicators), as well as 'weak comparability' (through the AHP technique.) While the indicators provide an estimate of measurable variables, the technique of paired comparisons of AHP allows the comparison of incommensurable variables. Finally, with this model different types of biofuels can be prioritized according to the level of sustainability, which can guide policy makers to create a support system for biofuels. Área de Economía y Sociología Agrarias. Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera. IFAPA Centro Camino de Purchil. Granada.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositorio Instituc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositorio Instituc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Merino García, Iván;

    La mitigación del cambio climático representa uno de los principales retos a los que se enfrenta la humanidad. En este contexto, la electrorreducción de CO2 hacia hidrocarburos representa una solución prometedora para disminuir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles utilizados en la síntesis de productos químicos, ayudando, al mismo tiempo, a mantener el CO2 en un ciclo neutro en carbono. Existen, sin embargo, desafíos importantes para que esta tecnología pueda ser de aplicación, principalmente relacionados con el material catalítico. La presente tesis tiene como objetivo el diseño, puesta a punto y aplicación de un sistema experimental a escala de laboratorio para la valorización electroquímica de CO2 en fase gas hacia hidrocarburos en modo continuo. De este modo, se lleva a cabo un análisis del estado del arte para la valorización de CO2 en reactores electroquímicos de membrana, se diseña y pone a punto un sistema experimental para evaluar la producción de hidrocarburos en una celda de tipo filtro prensa, se estudia la reacción empleando nanopartículas de Cu como material catalítico y diferentes condiciones de operación, se evalúa la selectividad del proceso mediante la variación del tamaño de partícula y se desarrollan materiales bimetálicos basados en Cu para mejorar el proceso electrocatalítico. The mitigation of climate change represents one of the main challenges for humankind. In this context, the electrochemical CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons represents a promising solution to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels for the synthesis of chemicals, helping to recycle CO2 at the same time. There are, however, important challenges for the applicability of this technology, which are mainly related to the catalytic material. The aim of this PhD Thesis is the design, set-up and application of an experimental system at laboratory scale for the electrochemical gas-phase CO2 valorization to hydrocarbons in continuous mode. Thus, an analysis of the state of the art on electrochemical membrane reactors for CO2 utilization is carried out. In addition, the design and set-up of an experimental system to evaluate the production of hydrocarbons in a filter-press type cell is performed. Moreover, the reaction is studied using Cu nanoparticles as catalytic material and different operating conditions. The selectivity of the process is also evaluated by varying particle size. Finally, the development of Cu-based bimetallic materials is carried out to enhance the electrocatalytic process.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tesis Doctorals en X...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2018
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tesis Doctorals en X...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2018
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    Authors: Dumitru Adina;

    This study is a part of the SMARTEES project and looks at the public perception of the 100% Sustainable Energy project in the island of El Hierro, Spain. 

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
    Dataset . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Sygma
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
      Dataset . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Sygma
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cristóbal García, Jorge;

    De continuar con el ritmo de emisión de contaminantes alcanzado en los últimos años, y más concretamente de dióxido de carbono (CO2), las previsiones sobre su concentración en la atmósfera son dramáticas (por encima de 600 ppmv) con unas consecuencias irreversibles para el planeta. Para logar las reducciones de contaminantes que se acuerdan en las cumbres internacionales es necesario, entre otras medidas, la reducción de emisiones en la producción de electricidad a partir de combustibles fósiles, entre ellos el carbón. La presente Tesis Doctoral propone una metodología y una serie de herramientas de toma de decisión cuyo fin es evaluar y aumentar la sostenibilidad del proceso de generación de electricidad a partir del carbón. Esta metodología está basada en programación matemática para resolver problemas de optimización multi-objetivo. Además es aplicable a un amplio rango de procesos e industrias que se enfrenten a problemas de decisión similares If the pollutant emission level continues as usual in the late years, especially those of carbon dioxide (CO2), the atmosphere concentration projections are dramatic (above 600 ppmv) with irreversible consequences to the planet. In order to achieve the binding targets of reductions agreed in the international summit meetings, it is necessary the reduction of emissions from the electricity production from fossil-fueled power plants, especially coal-fired. The objective of this work is developing a methodology and providing tools that help in the decision making process in order to evaluate and enhance the sustainability of the electricity production process form coal. This methodology is based on mathematical programming that allows solving multi-objective optimization problems. Besides, it is applicable to a wide range of processes and industries that face similar decision problems.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tesis Doctorals en X...arrow_drop_down
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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2013
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    Authors: Barbosa, Luisa; del Cañizo, Carlos; Revuelta, Gema;

    -- ENGLISH VERSION BELOW -- Tras décadas de avances tecnológicos y reducciones en su precio, la energía solar puede competir en el mercado con los combustibles fósiles en muchas regiones del mundo. Sin embargo, falta mucho para que el sol sea una fuente energética principal. Numerosos centros de investigación y empresas trabajan para mejorar la eficiencia de los paneles solares, aumentar su vida útil y producir nuevos materiales. Algunos gobiernos han apostado económicamente y han establecido marcos regulatorios para apoyar dichas innovaciones. La sociedad civil debe tener también un rol central. Tal como a menudo sentencian los movimientos activistas “la revolución energética en manos de la ciudadanía es el camino”. ‘GenerationSolar’ es una iniciativa de ciencia ciudadana, enmarcada en el proyecto europeo GRECO, con dos objetivos principales: a) empoderar a la ciudadanía mediante acciones que fomentan un conocimiento más profundo sobre la energía solar, su investigación y sus usos; y b) establecer una plataforma en la que la propia ciudadanía participe activamente en la investigación. La ciencia ciudadana representa un campo de acción a caballo entre múltiples disciplinas, si bien ha sido desde el sector de la comunicación científica, médica y ambiental desde donde ha sido más activa. Hace ya décadas que se intenta mejorar el equilibrio entre la comunicación unidireccional (el que sabe instruye al que no sabe) y las formas de comunicación más innovadoras basadas en la participación y la colaboración para la acción. GRECO unió a investigadoras, comunicadoras y ciudadanas -a través de encuestas, una hackathon online y desarrollo informático- para lanzar GenerationSolar en el Día de la Tierra 2020: un aplicativo móvil en el cual la ciudadanía registra sus instalaciones y crea una base de datos sobre la producción solar global. A dos meses del lanzamiento, la app cuenta con 71 registros y más de 22 MW de energía reportada. -- ENG -- After decades of technological advances and price reductions, solar energy can compete in the marketplace with fossil fuels in many regions of the world. However, the sun is a long way from being a main energy source. Numerous research centers and companies are working to improve the efficiency of solar panels, increase their useful life and produce new materials. Some governments have gambled economically and established regulatory frameworks to support such innovations. Civil society must also have a central role. As activist movements often state, "the energy revolution in the hands of the citizens is the way." ‘GenerationSolar’ is a citizen science initiative, framed in the European GRECO project, with two main objectives: a) to empower citizens through actions that promote a deeper understanding of solar energy, its research and its uses; and b) to establish a platform in which citizens themselves actively participate in the investigation. Citizen science represents a field of action between multiple disciplines, although it has been from the scientific, medical and environmental communication sector where it has been most active. For decades, attempts have been made to improve the balance between one-way communication (the one who knows teches the one who does not) and the most innovative forms of communication based on participation and collaboration for action. GRECO brought together researchers, communicators and citizens - through surveys, an online hackathon and computer development - to launch GenerationSolar on Earth Day 2020: a mobile application in which citizens register their facilities and create a database on global solar production. Two months after launch, the app has 71 records and more than 22 MW of reported energy.

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    ZENODO
    Other literature type . 2020
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    ZENODO
    Presentation . 2020
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    ZENODO
    Presentation . 2020
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    https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
    Article . 2020
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      ZENODO
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      ZENODO
      Presentation . 2020
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      ZENODO
      Presentation . 2020
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      https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
      Article . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Morales Carballo, Luis;

    Durante el siglo XX ha tenido lugar un extraordinario proceso urbanizador en todo el planeta, sin precedentes en la historia de la Humanidad. El metabolismo de los sistemas urbanos es cada vez más exigente en materiales, suelo, agua y energía, y provoca graves impactos a escala global. El último ciclo expansivo inmobiliario, que ha sido especialmente intenso en España, ha promovido además un modelo de ciudad difusa con marcados rasgos de insostenibilidad, como son el elevado consumo de recursos (suelo, agua, energía, materiales), un modelo de movilidad basado en el uso masivo del coche, el deterioro del espacio público, la segregación social, etc. La movilidad motorizada, particularmente, constituye uno de los principales problemas de los sistemas urbanos. Es muy probable que en el futuro no haya energía suficiente como para que toda la demanda de movilidad pueda ser asumida por el transporte público, por lo que “movilidad sostenible” debe empezar a entenderse como “movilidad no motorizada”. Para ello debe recuperarse el modelo de ciudad compacta y la creación de cercanía. Se toma la ciudad de Sevilla como estudio particular de caso, donde en los últimos 3 años se está promoviendo de forma muy significativa la movilidad no motorizada (desplazamientos a pie y en bicicleta) en detrimento del coche. Concretamente, el auge de la bicicleta en Sevilla podemos calificarlo de espectacular, provocando un importante ahorro energético y un significativo cambio modal desde el coche. En la actual situación de cambio global, crisis sistémica y probable colapso energético en un futuro no muy lejano, la experiencia de Sevilla supone un ejercicio de resiliencia socioecológica, anticipando la incertidumbre y los riesgos futuros. Contribuye, además, a que la ciudad participe del debate sobre territorios inteligentes, inteligencia compartida, etc. During the 20th century an extraordinary urbanizing process, unprecedented in the history of Humanity, took place across the planet. The metabolism of urban systems constantly demands more materials, land, water and energy, which brings about serious impacts on a global scale. The last real estate cycle, which was especially intense in Spain, has promoted in addition a model of a diffused city with remarkable unsustainable characteristics, such as the elevated consumption of resources (land, water, energy, materials), a model of mobility based on massive car use, the deterioration of public space, social segregation, etc. Motorized mobility, particularly, constitutes one of the main problems of urban systems. It is very probable that in the future there will not be sufficient energy to satisfy the whole demand for mobility only through public transport, so “sustainable mobility” must begin to be understood by us as “non motorized mobility”. It must reclaim the model of a compact city and the creation of proximity. The city of Seville is taken as a particular case in study, where in the last 3 years non motorized mobility (displacements on foot and by bicycle) to the detriment of the car has been extensively promoted. The usefulness of the bicycle in Seville can be described by us as spectacular, bringing about an important power saving and significant modal change from the car. In the present situation of global change, systemic crisis and probable near future power collapse, the example of Seville demonstrates an exercise of socio-ecological resilience, anticipating the future uncertainty and risks. It contributes, in addition, to the city in the debate of intelligent space, shared knowledge, etc.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ruiz Lavín, María de las Nieves;

    En el campo de RF/Microondas, se vienen desarrollando sistemas de transmisión inalámbrica eficientes, que permitan reducir el elevado consumo eléctrico de las estaciones base de telefonía móvil, aumentar la duración de las baterías en los terminales, así como alimentar dispositivos de forma inalámbrica. En este sentido, en esta tesis se han propuesto distintas topologías inversoras y rectificadoras de alta eficiencia, operando en clase E, para su uso en la transmisión eficiente de señales de comunicaciones y alimentación inalámbrica. Por un lado, se han diseñado amplificadores de potencia de alta eficiencia con tecnología GaN HEMT, empleados posteriormente en la implementación de distintos transmisores outphasing. Asimismo, se han diseñado convertidores DC/DC Clase E2, compuestos por un inversor y un rectificador síncrono a GaN HEMT, para su uso como moduladores de envolvente en arquitecturas ET/EER. Por otro lado, se han diseñado rectificadores síncronos con dispositivos E-pHEMT, con eficiencias en el estado de la técnica, enfocados hacia aplicaciones de transferencia de potencia en campo lejano y de reciclado de energía. In the RF/Microwave field, efficient wireless transmission systems are being developed in order to reduce base stations electric consumption, extend battery lifetime in handsets, as well as to remotely power up wireless devices by means of wireless powering transmission (WPT) or even energy harvesting solutions. In this sense, high efficient inverter and rectifier topologies, operating in class E, have been proposed in this thesis to be used on wireless communications and WPT. On the one hand, high-efficiency power amplifiers based on GaN HEMT technology, have been designed, which were used as a part of outphasing transmitters afterwards. In addition, using GaN HEMT amplifiers and synchronous rectifiers, Class E2 DC/DC converters have been designed, to be used as envelope modulators in ET/EER architectures. On the other hand, synchronous rectifiers with E-pHEMT technology, focused on far-field power transfer and energy harvesting applications, have been designed. State-of-the-art efficiencies have been measured in some implementations.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2017
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2017
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    Authors: Espluga, Josep|||0000-0002-5058-2411; Medina Parra, Beatriz|||0000-0002-7136-304X; Presas, Albert|||0000-0003-0723-7185; Rubio-Varas, Mar|||0000-0002-8100-2651; +1 Authors

    La energía nuclear es una tecnología compleja, que requiere un uso muy intensivo de recursos y una toma de decisiones muy centralizada, cuya gobernanza supone un auténtico reto para las sociedades democráticas. En el presente artículo se exploran las percepciones sociales sobre la energía nuclear en España a partir de un análisis de encuestas de opinión y de los argumentos de actores de tres estudios de caso (Vandellós I, Valdecaballeros y ATC). Los resultados muestran cómo las argumentaciones de unos y otros actores se basan en diferentes dimensiones del riesgo, a menudo ignoradas en las encuestas y por varios de los actores, lo cual supone una seria dificultad para superar las controversias suscitadas por este tipo de energía. Nuclear energy is a complex technology that requires intensive use of resources and high centralized decision-making processes, whose governance poses a real challenge for democratic societies. In this article we explore the social perceptions about nuclear energy in Spain through the analysis of opinion surveys and secondary data about the main actors of three case studies (Vandellós I, Valdecaballeros, and Radioactive Waste Storage). The results show how the arguments of the several actors are based on very different dimensions of risk, often ignored in the surveys and by the actors, which represents a serious difficulty to overcome the controversies caused by this type of energy.

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    Authors: Murillo Urkiza, Pablo;

    En el presente texto se realiza un estudio y validación utilizando mecáni- ca de fluidos computacional del nuevo concepto de aerogenerador propuesto por la empresa española Vortex Bladeless utilizando el software OpenFOAM. En colaboración con ellos, buscamos reproducir la mecánica de un ensa- yo en un túnel de viento de un prototipo mediante una simulación. Hasta el momento no se ha realizado ninguna de forma correcta sobre el dispositivo. El problema tiene tres aspectos clave: no es estacionario, la malla debe ser dinámica y la turbulencia toma un papel fundamental. Por ello, desarro- llaremos el estudio por etapas. En primer lugar, una etapa bidimensional estática con cilindros para familiarizarnos con el programa y el fenómeno físico. En segundo lugar, una etapa bidimensional dinámica para implementar correctamente el movimien- to de la malla en OpenFOAM y entender el problema oscilatorio. Para ambas etapas se han realizado simulaciones y los resultados han sido contrastados con los disponibles en la literatura. En una tercera etapa, se ha procedido a demostrar la viabilidad del estudio del Vortex con OpenFOAM realizando para ello simulaciones tridimensionales utilizando una geometría simplifica- da del dispositivo. A diferencia de las simulaciones bidimensionales, el coste computacional de estas excede las capacidades de cálculo de un ordenador personal. A pesar de ello, se ha podido acceder a un superordenador, que ha permitido validarlas. En este trabajo nos limitaremos a números de Reynolds bajos. Para números de Reynolds elevados, es necesario emplear modelos de turbulencia. Tal estudio queda fuera del alcance de este documento y se propone como trabajo futuro. La simulación del dispositivo es totalmente funcional en régimen laminar así como el modelo para la varilla elástica utilizado. Finalmente, se proponen algunas estrategias para incorporar modelos de turbulencia necesarios para el estudio del dispositivo en regímenes de funcionamiento de interés práctico. In this work, we present a numerical simulation of the flow about Vortex, a new concept of wind turbine proposed by the Spanish start-up Vortex Bladeless, using the open source CFD software OpenFOAM. At present, the numerical simulation of this type of flow remains a challenging task: the geometry of Vortex evolves with time, the flow is unsteady, and in the flow regime of practical interest the flow is turbulent. Therefore, we face the pro- blem gradually. Firstly, numerical simulations of flow around two-dimensional cylinders are presented. We consider steady and unsteady flow around a fixed cylinder. Then, the flow around spring-mounted cylinders is investigated using the dynamic-meshes capabilities as implemented in OpenFOAM. This stage has been carried out and the results agree with those found in the literature. Secondly, three-dimensional simulations of a simplified dynamical model of Vortex are presented. Unlike two-dimensional simulations, three-dimensional computational costs exceed the personal computer calculation capabilities. However, in the final stages of the project, university’s supercomputer has been used for validate the proposed methodology. Even though the device operates in turbulent flow, we have focused on the laminar regime. The choi- ce of turbulence models deserves attention as a separate problem and is left as future work. Finally, we discuss our findings and propose future proposals. Laminar simulation of the final Vortex is fully functional as well as the springs model for the carbon fiber bar. Finally, some turbulence modeling strategies are discussed to set up in the problem with high Reynolds numbers for the interest of practical cases. Colaboración con la empresa Vortex Bladeless

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Albo Sánchez, Jonathan;

    La Captura y Almacenamiento de dióxido de Carbono (CAC), es una tecnología orientada a mitigar el impacto de los gases de efecto invernadero producidos en la quema de combustibles fósiles en procesos industriales y de generación de energía, donde la captura de dióxido de carbono (CO2) supone el cuello de botella del proceso, y por tanto donde deben centrarse los esfuerzos. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es la intensificación del proceso de absorción de CO2 convencional en dos etapas: i) Sustitución del equipamiento convencional (e.g. torres de absorción) por sistemas de membranas para una absorción no dispersiva que elimine el arrastre de gotas y, ii) Sustitución del absorbente de referencia (monoetanolamina, MEA) por líquidos iónicos, con presión de vapor despreciable, que permite eliminar las pérdidas de disolvente por volatilización. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se desarrolla un proceso con cero emisiones de disolvente mediante la integración de equipos de membranas y líquidos iónicos, como estrategia para la intensificación del proceso de captura de CO2 de post-combustión. Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS), is a technology aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas impacts from fossil fuels combustion in industrial and energy-related processes where, carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is the bottleneck step where the efforts have to be applied. In this context, the aim of this work is to intensify the absorption process by two steps: i) Substitution of conventional equipment (e.g. scrubbers) for non-dispersive absoprtion membrane systems to avoid drops dragging and, ii) Substitution of the reference absorption solvent (monoethanolamine, MEA) for ionic liquids, with negligible vapour pressure, to avoid solvent losses due to volatilization of the solvent into gas stream. Thereby, in this PhD Thesis a zero solvent emission process trough the integration of membrane systems and ionic liquids is developed as a process intensification strategy for the recovery of CO2 from post-combustion streams.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
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    Authors: Fernández-Tirado, Francisca; Parra-López, Carlos;

    El fomento de los biocarburantes ha constituido en los últimos años un tema de gran controversia y polémica a nivel académico, político y social, debido a las repercusiones ambientales, económicas y sociales que el uso y la producción de los mismos pueden desencadenar. Mientras la mayoría de los gobiernos están apostando por el fomento de los biocarburantes, principalmente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y mejorar la seguridad en el abastecimiento de combustibles, numerosas voces están surgiendo en contra de los mismos, haciéndoles responsables de problemas tales como el aumento del precio de los alimentos. En la UE, la propuesta de Directiva relativa al fomento del uso de energía procedente de fuentes renovables, ha condicionado el fomento de los biocarburantes a la sostenibilidad de los mismos, con el objetivo de evitar graves repercusiones negativas. De esta forma los Estados miembros han de diseñar un sistema de apoyo para fomentar el uso de biocarburantes siempre que cumplan con una serie de criterios de sostenibilidad, previéndose un mayor soporte institucional a la producción y consumo de biocarburantes que aporten ventajas adicionales. En este trabajo se ha definido un modelo multicriterio para evaluar la sostenibilidad de la producción y consumo de los biocarburantes en España. Para definir el modelo se ha combinado una metodología de decisión multicriterio discreta, el proceso analítico jerárquico (AHP), con un sistema de indicadores, incluyendo una serie de criterios (ambientales, económicos y sociales) que una serie de expertos han considerado de relevancia en España para evaluar la sostenibilidad de los biocarburantes. AHP es una metodología que permite la resolución de problemas de toma de decisiones complejas, en las que existen múltiples criterios y actores implicados, en escenarios de gran incertidumbre y riesgo, como ocurre en el caso de los biocarburantes. El modelo aquí propuesto permite la evaluación de criterios y variables tanto en un contexto de ‘comparabilidad fuerte’ de valores (sistema de indicadores), como de ‘comparabilidad débil’ (AHP). Mientras los indicadores permiten una medición directa y exacta de las variables, cuando éstas existen o son posibles de calcular, la técnica AHP permite la comparación de variables inconmensurables, para las que no existe una unidad común de medida. El modelo permite establecer un orden de prioridades de naturaleza escalar del nivel de sostenibilidad de diferentes tipos de biocarburantes, que puede orientar a los decisores políticos para establecer un sistema de apoyo a los mismos, teniendo en cuenta tanto las ventajas como los inconvenientes económicos, ambientales y sociales que presentan unos biocarburantes con respecto a otros, tal y como señala la normativa europea. The promotion of biofuels is now a subject of great controversy in academic, political and social contexts, because of potential environmental, economic and social repercussions that biofuels might trigger, such as increasing food prices, or the loss of biodiversity. The European Directive on the promotion of renewable energy use (CE, 2009) has conditioned’the development of biofuels to their sustainability, in order to avoid negative impacts. Thus, Member States will have to design support systems to encourage the use of biofuels provided they meet certain criteria of sustainability, planning further institutional support for those biofuels which provide additional benefits. This work defines a multicriteria model to evaluate the sustainability of biofuels in Spain through a discrete multiple criteria decision methodology, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with a system of indicators. The proposed model allows the assessment of criteria and variables in a context of 'strong comparability' of values (by the system of indicators), as well as 'weak comparability' (through the AHP technique.) While the indicators provide an estimate of measurable variables, the technique of paired comparisons of AHP allows the comparison of incommensurable variables. Finally, with this model different types of biofuels can be prioritized according to the level of sustainability, which can guide policy makers to create a support system for biofuels. Área de Economía y Sociología Agrarias. Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera. IFAPA Centro Camino de Purchil. Granada.

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    Authors: Merino García, Iván;

    La mitigación del cambio climático representa uno de los principales retos a los que se enfrenta la humanidad. En este contexto, la electrorreducción de CO2 hacia hidrocarburos representa una solución prometedora para disminuir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles utilizados en la síntesis de productos químicos, ayudando, al mismo tiempo, a mantener el CO2 en un ciclo neutro en carbono. Existen, sin embargo, desafíos importantes para que esta tecnología pueda ser de aplicación, principalmente relacionados con el material catalítico. La presente tesis tiene como objetivo el diseño, puesta a punto y aplicación de un sistema experimental a escala de laboratorio para la valorización electroquímica de CO2 en fase gas hacia hidrocarburos en modo continuo. De este modo, se lleva a cabo un análisis del estado del arte para la valorización de CO2 en reactores electroquímicos de membrana, se diseña y pone a punto un sistema experimental para evaluar la producción de hidrocarburos en una celda de tipo filtro prensa, se estudia la reacción empleando nanopartículas de Cu como material catalítico y diferentes condiciones de operación, se evalúa la selectividad del proceso mediante la variación del tamaño de partícula y se desarrollan materiales bimetálicos basados en Cu para mejorar el proceso electrocatalítico. The mitigation of climate change represents one of the main challenges for humankind. In this context, the electrochemical CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons represents a promising solution to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels for the synthesis of chemicals, helping to recycle CO2 at the same time. There are, however, important challenges for the applicability of this technology, which are mainly related to the catalytic material. The aim of this PhD Thesis is the design, set-up and application of an experimental system at laboratory scale for the electrochemical gas-phase CO2 valorization to hydrocarbons in continuous mode. Thus, an analysis of the state of the art on electrochemical membrane reactors for CO2 utilization is carried out. In addition, the design and set-up of an experimental system to evaluate the production of hydrocarbons in a filter-press type cell is performed. Moreover, the reaction is studied using Cu nanoparticles as catalytic material and different operating conditions. The selectivity of the process is also evaluated by varying particle size. Finally, the development of Cu-based bimetallic materials is carried out to enhance the electrocatalytic process.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2018
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2018
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    Authors: Dumitru Adina;

    This study is a part of the SMARTEES project and looks at the public perception of the 100% Sustainable Energy project in the island of El Hierro, Spain. 

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2021
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    https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
    Dataset . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2021
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      https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
      Dataset . 2021
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    Authors: Cristóbal García, Jorge;

    De continuar con el ritmo de emisión de contaminantes alcanzado en los últimos años, y más concretamente de dióxido de carbono (CO2), las previsiones sobre su concentración en la atmósfera son dramáticas (por encima de 600 ppmv) con unas consecuencias irreversibles para el planeta. Para logar las reducciones de contaminantes que se acuerdan en las cumbres internacionales es necesario, entre otras medidas, la reducción de emisiones en la producción de electricidad a partir de combustibles fósiles, entre ellos el carbón. La presente Tesis Doctoral propone una metodología y una serie de herramientas de toma de decisión cuyo fin es evaluar y aumentar la sostenibilidad del proceso de generación de electricidad a partir del carbón. Esta metodología está basada en programación matemática para resolver problemas de optimización multi-objetivo. Además es aplicable a un amplio rango de procesos e industrias que se enfrenten a problemas de decisión similares If the pollutant emission level continues as usual in the late years, especially those of carbon dioxide (CO2), the atmosphere concentration projections are dramatic (above 600 ppmv) with irreversible consequences to the planet. In order to achieve the binding targets of reductions agreed in the international summit meetings, it is necessary the reduction of emissions from the electricity production from fossil-fueled power plants, especially coal-fired. The objective of this work is developing a methodology and providing tools that help in the decision making process in order to evaluate and enhance the sustainability of the electricity production process form coal. This methodology is based on mathematical programming that allows solving multi-objective optimization problems. Besides, it is applicable to a wide range of processes and industries that face similar decision problems.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2013
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    Authors: Barbosa, Luisa; del Cañizo, Carlos; Revuelta, Gema;

    -- ENGLISH VERSION BELOW -- Tras décadas de avances tecnológicos y reducciones en su precio, la energía solar puede competir en el mercado con los combustibles fósiles en muchas regiones del mundo. Sin embargo, falta mucho para que el sol sea una fuente energética principal. Numerosos centros de investigación y empresas trabajan para mejorar la eficiencia de los paneles solares, aumentar su vida útil y producir nuevos materiales. Algunos gobiernos han apostado económicamente y han establecido marcos regulatorios para apoyar dichas innovaciones. La sociedad civil debe tener también un rol central. Tal como a menudo sentencian los movimientos activistas “la revolución energética en manos de la ciudadanía es el camino”. ‘GenerationSolar’ es una iniciativa de ciencia ciudadana, enmarcada en el proyecto europeo GRECO, con dos objetivos principales: a) empoderar a la ciudadanía mediante acciones que fomentan un conocimiento más profundo sobre la energía solar, su investigación y sus usos; y b) establecer una plataforma en la que la propia ciudadanía participe activamente en la investigación. La ciencia ciudadana representa un campo de acción a caballo entre múltiples disciplinas, si bien ha sido desde el sector de la comunicación científica, médica y ambiental desde donde ha sido más activa. Hace ya décadas que se intenta mejorar el equilibrio entre la comunicación unidireccional (el que sabe instruye al que no sabe) y las formas de comunicación más innovadoras basadas en la participación y la colaboración para la acción. GRECO unió a investigadoras, comunicadoras y ciudadanas -a través de encuestas, una hackathon online y desarrollo informático- para lanzar GenerationSolar en el Día de la Tierra 2020: un aplicativo móvil en el cual la ciudadanía registra sus instalaciones y crea una base de datos sobre la producción solar global. A dos meses del lanzamiento, la app cuenta con 71 registros y más de 22 MW de energía reportada. -- ENG -- After decades of technological advances and price reductions, solar energy can compete in the marketplace with fossil fuels in many regions of the world. However, the sun is a long way from being a main energy source. Numerous research centers and companies are working to improve the efficiency of solar panels, increase their useful life and produce new materials. Some governments have gambled economically and established regulatory frameworks to support such innovations. Civil society must also have a central role. As activist movements often state, "the energy revolution in the hands of the citizens is the way." ‘GenerationSolar’ is a citizen science initiative, framed in the European GRECO project, with two main objectives: a) to empower citizens through actions that promote a deeper understanding of solar energy, its research and its uses; and b) to establish a platform in which citizens themselves actively participate in the investigation. Citizen science represents a field of action between multiple disciplines, although it has been from the scientific, medical and environmental communication sector where it has been most active. For decades, attempts have been made to improve the balance between one-way communication (the one who knows teches the one who does not) and the most innovative forms of communication based on participation and collaboration for action. GRECO brought together researchers, communicators and citizens - through surveys, an online hackathon and computer development - to launch GenerationSolar on Earth Day 2020: a mobile application in which citizens register their facilities and create a database on global solar production. Two months after launch, the app has 71 records and more than 22 MW of reported energy.

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    Other literature type . 2020
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    Presentation . 2020
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    https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
    Article . 2020
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      https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
      Article . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Sygma
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Morales Carballo, Luis;

    Durante el siglo XX ha tenido lugar un extraordinario proceso urbanizador en todo el planeta, sin precedentes en la historia de la Humanidad. El metabolismo de los sistemas urbanos es cada vez más exigente en materiales, suelo, agua y energía, y provoca graves impactos a escala global. El último ciclo expansivo inmobiliario, que ha sido especialmente intenso en España, ha promovido además un modelo de ciudad difusa con marcados rasgos de insostenibilidad, como son el elevado consumo de recursos (suelo, agua, energía, materiales), un modelo de movilidad basado en el uso masivo del coche, el deterioro del espacio público, la segregación social, etc. La movilidad motorizada, particularmente, constituye uno de los principales problemas de los sistemas urbanos. Es muy probable que en el futuro no haya energía suficiente como para que toda la demanda de movilidad pueda ser asumida por el transporte público, por lo que “movilidad sostenible” debe empezar a entenderse como “movilidad no motorizada”. Para ello debe recuperarse el modelo de ciudad compacta y la creación de cercanía. Se toma la ciudad de Sevilla como estudio particular de caso, donde en los últimos 3 años se está promoviendo de forma muy significativa la movilidad no motorizada (desplazamientos a pie y en bicicleta) en detrimento del coche. Concretamente, el auge de la bicicleta en Sevilla podemos calificarlo de espectacular, provocando un importante ahorro energético y un significativo cambio modal desde el coche. En la actual situación de cambio global, crisis sistémica y probable colapso energético en un futuro no muy lejano, la experiencia de Sevilla supone un ejercicio de resiliencia socioecológica, anticipando la incertidumbre y los riesgos futuros. Contribuye, además, a que la ciudad participe del debate sobre territorios inteligentes, inteligencia compartida, etc. During the 20th century an extraordinary urbanizing process, unprecedented in the history of Humanity, took place across the planet. The metabolism of urban systems constantly demands more materials, land, water and energy, which brings about serious impacts on a global scale. The last real estate cycle, which was especially intense in Spain, has promoted in addition a model of a diffused city with remarkable unsustainable characteristics, such as the elevated consumption of resources (land, water, energy, materials), a model of mobility based on massive car use, the deterioration of public space, social segregation, etc. Motorized mobility, particularly, constitutes one of the main problems of urban systems. It is very probable that in the future there will not be sufficient energy to satisfy the whole demand for mobility only through public transport, so “sustainable mobility” must begin to be understood by us as “non motorized mobility”. It must reclaim the model of a compact city and the creation of proximity. The city of Seville is taken as a particular case in study, where in the last 3 years non motorized mobility (displacements on foot and by bicycle) to the detriment of the car has been extensively promoted. The usefulness of the bicycle in Seville can be described by us as spectacular, bringing about an important power saving and significant modal change from the car. In the present situation of global change, systemic crisis and probable near future power collapse, the example of Seville demonstrates an exercise of socio-ecological resilience, anticipating the future uncertainty and risks. It contributes, in addition, to the city in the debate of intelligent space, shared knowledge, etc.

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    Authors: Ruiz Lavín, María de las Nieves;

    En el campo de RF/Microondas, se vienen desarrollando sistemas de transmisión inalámbrica eficientes, que permitan reducir el elevado consumo eléctrico de las estaciones base de telefonía móvil, aumentar la duración de las baterías en los terminales, así como alimentar dispositivos de forma inalámbrica. En este sentido, en esta tesis se han propuesto distintas topologías inversoras y rectificadoras de alta eficiencia, operando en clase E, para su uso en la transmisión eficiente de señales de comunicaciones y alimentación inalámbrica. Por un lado, se han diseñado amplificadores de potencia de alta eficiencia con tecnología GaN HEMT, empleados posteriormente en la implementación de distintos transmisores outphasing. Asimismo, se han diseñado convertidores DC/DC Clase E2, compuestos por un inversor y un rectificador síncrono a GaN HEMT, para su uso como moduladores de envolvente en arquitecturas ET/EER. Por otro lado, se han diseñado rectificadores síncronos con dispositivos E-pHEMT, con eficiencias en el estado de la técnica, enfocados hacia aplicaciones de transferencia de potencia en campo lejano y de reciclado de energía. In the RF/Microwave field, efficient wireless transmission systems are being developed in order to reduce base stations electric consumption, extend battery lifetime in handsets, as well as to remotely power up wireless devices by means of wireless powering transmission (WPT) or even energy harvesting solutions. In this sense, high efficient inverter and rectifier topologies, operating in class E, have been proposed in this thesis to be used on wireless communications and WPT. On the one hand, high-efficiency power amplifiers based on GaN HEMT technology, have been designed, which were used as a part of outphasing transmitters afterwards. In addition, using GaN HEMT amplifiers and synchronous rectifiers, Class E2 DC/DC converters have been designed, to be used as envelope modulators in ET/EER architectures. On the other hand, synchronous rectifiers with E-pHEMT technology, focused on far-field power transfer and energy harvesting applications, have been designed. State-of-the-art efficiencies have been measured in some implementations.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2017
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2017
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    Authors: Espluga, Josep|||0000-0002-5058-2411; Medina Parra, Beatriz|||0000-0002-7136-304X; Presas, Albert|||0000-0003-0723-7185; Rubio-Varas, Mar|||0000-0002-8100-2651; +1 Authors

    La energía nuclear es una tecnología compleja, que requiere un uso muy intensivo de recursos y una toma de decisiones muy centralizada, cuya gobernanza supone un auténtico reto para las sociedades democráticas. En el presente artículo se exploran las percepciones sociales sobre la energía nuclear en España a partir de un análisis de encuestas de opinión y de los argumentos de actores de tres estudios de caso (Vandellós I, Valdecaballeros y ATC). Los resultados muestran cómo las argumentaciones de unos y otros actores se basan en diferentes dimensiones del riesgo, a menudo ignoradas en las encuestas y por varios de los actores, lo cual supone una seria dificultad para superar las controversias suscitadas por este tipo de energía. Nuclear energy is a complex technology that requires intensive use of resources and high centralized decision-making processes, whose governance poses a real challenge for democratic societies. In this article we explore the social perceptions about nuclear energy in Spain through the analysis of opinion surveys and secondary data about the main actors of three case studies (Vandellós I, Valdecaballeros, and Radioactive Waste Storage). The results show how the arguments of the several actors are based on very different dimensions of risk, often ignored in the surveys and by the actors, which represents a serious difficulty to overcome the controversies caused by this type of energy.

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    Authors: Murillo Urkiza, Pablo;

    En el presente texto se realiza un estudio y validación utilizando mecáni- ca de fluidos computacional del nuevo concepto de aerogenerador propuesto por la empresa española Vortex Bladeless utilizando el software OpenFOAM. En colaboración con ellos, buscamos reproducir la mecánica de un ensa- yo en un túnel de viento de un prototipo mediante una simulación. Hasta el momento no se ha realizado ninguna de forma correcta sobre el dispositivo. El problema tiene tres aspectos clave: no es estacionario, la malla debe ser dinámica y la turbulencia toma un papel fundamental. Por ello, desarro- llaremos el estudio por etapas. En primer lugar, una etapa bidimensional estática con cilindros para familiarizarnos con el programa y el fenómeno físico. En segundo lugar, una etapa bidimensional dinámica para implementar correctamente el movimien- to de la malla en OpenFOAM y entender el problema oscilatorio. Para ambas etapas se han realizado simulaciones y los resultados han sido contrastados con los disponibles en la literatura. En una tercera etapa, se ha procedido a demostrar la viabilidad del estudio del Vortex con OpenFOAM realizando para ello simulaciones tridimensionales utilizando una geometría simplifica- da del dispositivo. A diferencia de las simulaciones bidimensionales, el coste computacional de estas excede las capacidades de cálculo de un ordenador personal. A pesar de ello, se ha podido acceder a un superordenador, que ha permitido validarlas. En este trabajo nos limitaremos a números de Reynolds bajos. Para números de Reynolds elevados, es necesario emplear modelos de turbulencia. Tal estudio queda fuera del alcance de este documento y se propone como trabajo futuro. La simulación del dispositivo es totalmente funcional en régimen laminar así como el modelo para la varilla elástica utilizado. Finalmente, se proponen algunas estrategias para incorporar modelos de turbulencia necesarios para el estudio del dispositivo en regímenes de funcionamiento de interés práctico. In this work, we present a numerical simulation of the flow about Vortex, a new concept of wind turbine proposed by the Spanish start-up Vortex Bladeless, using the open source CFD software OpenFOAM. At present, the numerical simulation of this type of flow remains a challenging task: the geometry of Vortex evolves with time, the flow is unsteady, and in the flow regime of practical interest the flow is turbulent. Therefore, we face the pro- blem gradually. Firstly, numerical simulations of flow around two-dimensional cylinders are presented. We consider steady and unsteady flow around a fixed cylinder. Then, the flow around spring-mounted cylinders is investigated using the dynamic-meshes capabilities as implemented in OpenFOAM. This stage has been carried out and the results agree with those found in the literature. Secondly, three-dimensional simulations of a simplified dynamical model of Vortex are presented. Unlike two-dimensional simulations, three-dimensional computational costs exceed the personal computer calculation capabilities. However, in the final stages of the project, university’s supercomputer has been used for validate the proposed methodology. Even though the device operates in turbulent flow, we have focused on the laminar regime. The choi- ce of turbulence models deserves attention as a separate problem and is left as future work. Finally, we discuss our findings and propose future proposals. Laminar simulation of the final Vortex is fully functional as well as the springs model for the carbon fiber bar. Finally, some turbulence modeling strategies are discussed to set up in the problem with high Reynolds numbers for the interest of practical cases. Colaboración con la empresa Vortex Bladeless

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