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  • Energy Research
  • 2016-2025
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Brüssel-Hauptstadt: Standort der Gebäude, für die die Aufforderungen zur Einreichung von Vorschlägen für „Exemplary Buildings“ ausgewählt wurden, die mit dem Ziel organisiert wurden, Initiativen im Bereich des ökologischen Baus und der integrierten Renovierung zu fördern. Um ausgewählt zu werden, müssen die Gewinner eine Reihe von Kriterien in Bezug auf Energie und Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, aber auch Komfort und Ästhetik erfüllen, wobei sie für den Brüsseler Markt finanziell zugänglich bleiben. Der Datensatz enthält die Anzahl und Bezeichnung der Projekte sowie einen Link zu einem Factsheet zur Beschreibung. Περιφέρεια Βρυξελλών-Πρωτευούσης: η τοποθεσία των επιτυχημένων κτιρίων των «παραδειγματικών κτιρίων» απαιτεί έργα που διοργανώνονται για την ενθάρρυνση της οικολογικής κατασκευής και της ολοκληρωμένης ανακαίνισης. Για να επιλεγούν, οι νικητές πρέπει να πληρούν μια σειρά κριτηρίων όσον αφορά τη διαχείριση της ενέργειας, του νερού και των αποβλήτων, καθώς και την άνεση και την αισθητική, ενώ παράλληλα θα παραμένουν οικονομικά προσπελάσιμοι στην αγορά των Βρυξελλών. Η βάση δεδομένων παρέχει αριθμούς και ονόματα έργων, καθώς και τον σύνδεσμο προς ένα περιγραφικό φύλλο. Región de Bruselas Capital: la ubicación de los edificios de éxito de los «Edificios ejemplares» convoca proyectos organizados para fomentar la ecoconstrucción y la renovación integrada. Para ser seleccionados, los ganadores deben cumplir una serie de criterios en términos de gestión de la energía, el agua y los residuos, así como el confort y la estética, al tiempo que siguen siendo accesibles desde el punto de vista financiero para el mercado de Bruselas. La base de datos proporciona números y nombres del proyecto, así como el enlace a una hoja descriptiva. Réigiún Caipitil na Bruiséile: tá gá le tionscadail a eagraíodh chun éicea-thógáil agus athchóiriú comhtháite a spreagadh chun foirgnimh rathúla na “Foirgneamh eiseamláireach” a aimsiú. Chun go roghnófar iad, ní mór do na buaiteoirí cloí le raon critéar i dtaca le fuinneamh, uisce agus bainistiú dramhaíola, chomh maith le compord agus aeistéitic, agus rochtain airgeadais a choinneáil ar mhargadh na Bruiséile ag an am céanna. Soláthraíonn an bunachar sonraí uimhreacha agus ainmneacha na dtionscadal, chomh maith leis an nasc chuig bileog thuairisciúil. Région de Bruxelles-Capitale : localisation des bâtiments lauréats des appels à projets "Bâtiments Exemplaires" organisés en vue d'encourager les démarches d'éco-construction et rénovation intégrée. Pour être sélectionnés, les lauréats doivent répondre à une série de critères en matière d'énergie, de gestion de l'eau et des déchets, mais aussi de confort et d'esthétisme tout en restant accessibles financièrement pour le marché bruxellois. La base de données fournit les numéros et noms de projets, ainsi que le lien vers une fiche descriptive. Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest: lokalisatie van de winnende gebouwen van de projectoproep "Voorbeeldgebouwen" die georganiseerd wordt om ecoconstuctie- en geïntegreerde renovatieprojecten aan te moedigen. Om geselecteerd te worden, moeten de laureaten aan een reeks criteria op de vlak van energie, waterbeheer en afvalstoffen alsook comfort en esthetiek voldoen en tegelijkertijd financieel toegankelijk blijven voor de Brusselse markt. Die gegevens bevatten het nummer en de naam van het project, en een link naar een beschrijvende fiche. Regiunea Bruxelles-Capitală: amplasarea clădirilor de succes ale „Clădirilor Exemplare” necesită proiecte organizate pentru a încuraja construcția ecologică și renovarea integrată. Pentru a fi selectați, câștigătorii trebuie să îndeplinească o serie de criterii în ceea ce privește energia, apa și gestionarea deșeurilor, precum și confortul și estetica, rămânând totodată accesibile din punct de vedere financiar pieței de la Bruxelles. Baza de date oferă numere și nume de proiecte, precum și linkul către o foaie descriptivă. Brussels-Capital Region: location of the buildings winning the "Exemplary Buildings" calls for proposals organised with the aim of encouraging initiatives in eco-construction and integrated renovation. In order to be selected, winners must fulfil a series of criteria with regard to energy and management of water and waste, but also comfort and aesthetics, all while remaining financially accessible for the Brussels market. The dataset contains the number and name of the projects, and a link to an description factsheet. Região de Bruxelas-Capital: localização dos edifícios bem sucedidos dos «Edifícios Exemplares» convites à apresentação de projetos organizados para incentivar a ecoconstrução e a renovação integrada. Para serem selecionados, os vencedores devem satisfazer uma série de critérios em termos de energia, água e gestão de resíduos, bem como de conforto e estética, mantendo-se financeiramente acessíveis ao mercado de Bruxelas. O banco de dados fornece números e nomes do projeto, bem como o link para uma folha descritiva. Brüsszel fővárosi régió: a „Példaként szolgáló épületek” sikeres épületeinek elhelyezkedése olyan projektekre irányul, amelyek célja az ökoépítés és az integrált felújítás ösztönzése. A kiválasztáshoz a nyerteseknek számos kritériumnak kell megfelelniük az energia-, víz- és hulladékgazdálkodás, valamint a kényelem és az esztétika tekintetében, miközben továbbra is pénzügyileg hozzáférhetők a brüsszeli piac számára. Az adatbázis tartalmazza a projektszámokat és neveket, valamint a leíró lapra mutató linket.

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    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Helferich, Marvin; Preuß, Sabine; +1 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the initial round of survey data gathered in France in 2022, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. In the first round of the survey, we recruited a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country, taking into account both the individual and household perspectives. The survey includes a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in various domains of life, such as housing, mobility, and diet. In addition to this, the survey also measures socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    The abstract gives an overview over geographical, environmental and political changes in Tunisia from 2000 to 2018. The focus is on wildfire evolution and climate change processes in Tunisia. L' augmentation des incendies de forêts, la littoralisation, la californisation, risque de voir les espèces invasives se multiplier-telle fut le résultat de l'étude GTZ « Stratégie nationale d'adaptation de l'agriculture tunisienne et des écosystèmes aux changements climatiques» sottie en 2007 - et dont l'auteur fut le responsable du groupe d'analyse des écosystèmes. Le diagnostic concernant l'évolution de risques de feux de forêts fut assez alarmant : « Nous pensons que les changements climatiques vont accroître considérablement les risques de feux de végétation. Le Nord de la Tunisie serait particulièrement affecté par cette évolution car en plus de l'augmentation des températures le stock combustible pourrait considérablement augmenter ... La progression des incendies, surtout de grands incendies nécessitant des grands stocks de combustibles, dans le Nord tunisien, peut avoir des conséquences particulièrement négatives pour toute l'économie tunisienne car elle met en danger les systèmes des barrages et l'approvisionnement en eau d'une grande partie de la Tunisie. (Neff, C. 2007., p.37-38)».Dix ans après la sortie de l' étude l' auteur essai d'évaluerà quel point les scenarios dessinés dans l'étude de 2007 sont encore d'actualité en Tunisie contemporaine (2017/18). Est-ce que les changements politiques, la révolution tunisienne de 2011 et la phase transitoire vers une démocratielibérale qui suivait cette révolution, ont pesé sur l' état de l'environnement. Quel est la tendance des fréquences d'incendies de forêts des dernières années en Tunisie. Est-ce que les pouvoirs politiques actuelsprennent en considération les «risques» que les changements climatiques peuvent engendrer pour les écosystèmes& les paysages tunisiennes. Le tout sera complété, par une vue globale d'extérieure sur la Tunisie-l'auteur est bloggeur sur le Monde.fr depuis 2009, et il suit les évènements tunisiens avec attention. Quel est la vue d'un bloggeur franco-allemande sur une Tunisie changeante et confronté à des défis politiques considérable: la phase de transition démocratique, les changements climatiques, mais aussi le futur des terres intérieures tunisiennes, les paysages ruraux à l'abandonet dont la jeunesse cherche à fuir vers des destinations meilleurs ...

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Conference object . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Conference object . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Conference object . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Conference object . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Coquand, Mathieu;

    Concentrated solar power is a promising way for renewable energy production. Optical efficiency of the mirrors is one of the key factors influencing a power plant performance. Methods which allow the operator to adjust all the heliostat of a plant quickly, in addition of calibration and tracking, are essential for the rise of the technology. The work presented in this thesis is the study of a “backward-gazing” method consisting in placing four cameras near the receiver simultaneously recording brightness images of the sun reflected by the heliostat. The optical errors of the mirrors are retrieved from these four images and the knowledge of the one dimension sun radiance profile.The first step of the study consists in the theoretical description of the method. Then numerical simulations are performed to estimate the general accuracy and the limits of the backward-gazing method. In a third phase, experimental tests have been fulfilled at Themis solar power plant. Finally, ideas of improvement are proposed based on the experiments performed. La filière solaire thermodynamique concentrée est une des voies les plus prometteuses pour la production des énergies renouvelables du futur. L’efficacité des surfaces optiques est un des facteurs clés influant sur les performances d’une centrale. Un des défis technologiques restant à résoudre concerne le temps et les efforts nécessaires à l’ajustement et l’orientation de tous ces miroirs, ainsi que la calibration des héliostats pour assurer un suivi précis de la course du soleil et une concentration contrôlée. Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit propose une réponse à ce problème par le développement d’une méthode de caractérisation des héliostats dite de « rétrovisée », consistant à placer quatre caméras au voisinage du récepteur pour enregistrer les répartitions de luminance occasionnées par la réflexion du soleil sur l’héliostat. La connaissance du profil de luminance solaire, combiné à ces quatre images, permet de reconstruire les pentes des erreurs optiques de l’héliostat.La première étape de l’étude de la méthode a consisté à établir les différentes équations permettant de reconstruire les pentes des surfaces optiques à partir des différents paramètres du système. Ces différents développements théoriques ont ensuite permis la réalisation de simulations numériques pour valider la méthode et définir ses possibilités et ses limites. Enfin, des tests expérimentaux ont été réalisés sur le site de la centrale Thémis. À la suite de ces expériences, des pistes d’améliorations ont été identifiées pour améliorer la précision expérimentale et envisager son déploiement industriel.

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  • Authors: Lukoye Atwoli; Gregory E. Erhabor; Aiah A Gbakima; Abraham Haileamlak; +17 Authors

    No hay resumen disponible. Aucun résumé disponible. No abstract available. لا يوجد ملخص متاح.

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    Authors: Stolyarova, Elena;

    Little research has been done to date on French households’ preferences for energy retrofits in the dwelling. However, the economic role of these choices is crucial for implementing an effective and realistic energy policy in the residential sector, both in terms of proposed aid and targets. Are households interested in retrofits with high energy-savings potential? How much are they willing to pay and is it sufficient to cover the up-front costs? How many households have no choice of heating system, and what is their profile?This work sets out to answer these questions empirically using discrete choice models. It starts by analyzing the technical, socio-demographic and spatial constraints that face households and create barriers to domestic energy choices. A method to detect household constraint is devised and applied to the choice of space heating system in 2006 and 2013. The second stage analyzes household preferences for heating equipment and retrofits. This second part is based on a discrete choice experiment specially carried out for this research among 2,000 households. This work sheds light on households’ preferences and heterogeneity, as well as their willingness to pay, the implicit discount rate and other economic impacts. Les préférences des ménages français pour les travaux de rénovation énergétique dans le logement ont été peu étudiées jusqu’à présent. Or, elles sont la clé d’une politique énergétique efficace et réaliste pour le secteur résidentiel, tant au niveau des aides proposées, qu’au niveau des objectifs à réaliser. Les ménages sont-ils intéressés par des travaux à fort potentiel d’économie d’énergie ? Combien sont-ils prêt à payer et est-ce que c’est suffisant pour couvrir les coûts réels ? Combien de ménages n’ont pas le choix de leur mode de chauffage et quel est leur profil ?La thèse s'attache à répondre à ces questions de façon empirique à l’aide de modèles de choix discrets. Il s’agit, dans un premier temps, d’analyser les contraintes techniques, sociodémographiques et spatiales que rencontrent les ménages et qui entravent les choix énergétiques dans le logement. Une méthodologie de détection des ménages contraints a été proposée, puis appliquée au choix du chauffage en 2006 et 2013. Dans un deuxième temps, les préférences des ménages pour les équipements de chauffage et les travaux de rénovation ont été analysées. Cette deuxième partie utilise une enquête expérimentale qui a été réalisée spécialement pour ce travail de recherche auprès de 2000 ménages. Ce travail a permis de comprendre les préférences des ménages, leur hétérogénéité, et d’en déduire les consentements à payer, les taux d’actualisation implicites et les différents effets économiques.

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    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Janßen, Hannah; Preuß, Sabine; +3 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the second round of survey data gathered in France in 2023, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. The first round of the survey, consisted of recruiting a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country. In this second survey round, we recruit around 500 respondents from the initial survey round, ensuring representativity is maintained. This survey is very similar to the survey in the first round and includes a lot of identical items, including a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in the housing, mobility, and diet sectors, socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort. New for this second round, we have incorporated questions regarding the measures respondents adopted in response to the 2022 energy crisis.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
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      ZENODO
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    Authors: Kane, Idrissa oumar;

    This PhD sets and explores the possibilities of « dialogue of knowledge » between scientists and local communities about resilience strategies implementations for climate coastal risks adaptation. This dialogue focuses on questions of paradigmatics representations, values and materials issues. This dialogue of knowledge, advocated by scientific community and claimed by wide audience, is increasingly needed due to complex societal problems related to climate change and different world visions. The technocentered rationality has always been an approche which dominate in the responses to the challenge of adaptation. However, in the name of integrated gouvernance, this approach is more and more contested by local communities due to their strong engagement in proposing socially co-constructed alternatives. In the first paper « Communicating risk through a DSS: a coastal risk centered empirical analysis » our research focus on the conflict of representation between scientists and local stackeholders about the probabilistic nature of coastal risk and the impacts mitigation options. Thus, a dialogic communication, based on taking into account heuristic values of local actors, is necessary. In the second paper « L'utilisation du concept polysémique de résilience: une analyse empirique en milieu côtier » our research focus on the choice of meaning of resilience concept through public policy of coastal risk management. This concept, considering its history and evolution through its various disciplinary practices, has raised, in addition to problem of polysemy due to its high use, a lack of consensus on the suitable definition. In the third paper «Vulnérabilité et résilience, entre conceptions déterministes et non déterministes : les sciences du risque côtier à la croisée des chemins », it is to questionne the choice of models and approaches used by reseachers to analyse and intervene on the coastal system. Building on the two first papers, this pape ris an unique proposition of paradigmatic tilt in the conceptual and operational processing of socio-ecosystems gouvernance. This way of presentation (thesis structured by papers) is done in accordance with required principles and technics of redaction approved by academic world (here, the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines). The three papers are closely linked in their respective thematic. This explain the coherence of the conducted research and the obtained results. In the methodology, the research is built/base on an empirical approach starting from an theorical approach related to the concepts studied. The method of datas collection is semi-structured interviews, focus group, with a thematic questionnaire. The method of datas processing is done by coding these latter in ATLAS.ti. The method of datas analysis is done by iterative grounded theorisation. The targeted audience is the scientific involved in the THESEUS project and the coastal communities lived in three experimental coastal settings of the project (Gironde in France, Santander in Spain and Cesenatico in Italia). In the conclusion, it is first admitted that paradigmatic tensions can compromise the efficacity of decision support system process and the need of consensus between heuristics on the coastal risk ; second, the same paradigmatic conflicts have some consequences in the operational deployment of resilience concept and it requires a dialogue about the signification of this concept in an epistemologically robust way. Finally, it is primordial to found a neat articulation between the choice of meaning, the operational deployment and the paradigmatic representations underlying the displayed concepts. Cette thèse pose et explore ici les possibilités de « dialogue des connaissances » entre scientifiques et communautés locales concernant la mise en place des stratégies de résilience en vue de l'adaptation aux risques côtiers attribués aux changements climatiques. Ce dialogue porte sur la question des représentations paradigmatiques, des valeurs et des enjeux matériels. Ce dialogue des connaissances, prôné au sein de la communauté scientifique et réclamé par le public large, s'impose de plus en plus vu la complexité des questions de sociétés liées au climat et aux visions du monde différentes. La rationalité technocentrée a toujours dominé dans les réponses aux défis liés à l'adaptation. Cependant, au nom de la gouvernance intégrée, cette approche est de plus en plus battue en brèche par les communautés locales du fait de leur fort engagement dans la proposition d’alternatives socialement co-construites. Dans le premier article « Communicating risk through a DSS: a coastal risk centered empirical analysis », nos recherches portent sur le conflit de représentations opposant scientifiques et acteurs locaux à propos de la nature probabiliste du risque côtier et des options de mitigation des impacts. Ainsi, une communication dialogique, basée sur la prise en compte des heuristiques de valeurs des acteurs locaux, est nécessaire. Dans le deuxième article « L'utilisation du concept polysémique de résilience: une analyse empirique en milieu côtier », nos recherches portent sur le choix de sens à propos du mot résilience à travers les politiques publiques de gestion du risque côtier. Ce concept, eu égard à son histoire et son évolution à travers ses différents usages disciplinaires, a posé, outre le problème de polysémie liée à sa forte utilisation, un manque de consensus sur le sens adéquat. Dans le troisième article «Vulnérabilité et résilience, entre conceptions déterministes et non déterministes : les sciences du risque côtier à la croisée des chemins », il s’agit de questionner les choix de modèles et d’approches utilisés par les chercheurs pour analyser et intervenir sur les systèmes côtiers. Construisant sur les résultats des premiers articles, cet article constitue une proposition unique de basculement paradigmatique dans le traitement conceptuel et opérationnel de la gouvernance des socio-écosystèmes complexes. La forme de présentation adoptée (thèse par articles) est faite dans le respect des principes et techniques rédactionnels requis, approuvée dans le monde académique (ici l'université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines). Les trois articles sont étroitement liés par leurs thématiques respectives. Ceci explique la cohérence de la recherche menée et des résultats obtenus. Dans la méthodologie, la recherche s'appuie sur une démarche empirique en partant d’une démarche théorique ayant trait aux concepts étudiés. La méthode de collecte de données est les entretiens semi-directifs, focus groupe, muni de questionnaires thématiques. La méthode de traitement des corpus empiriques s’est effectuée par le codage dans ATLAS.ti. La méthode d’analyse des corpus est faite par l’approche théorisation ancrée itérative. Le public cible est les scientifiques du projet THESEUS et les communautés côtières de trois sites d'expérimentation du projet (Gironde en France, Santander en Espagne et Cesenatico en Italie). Dans la conclusion, d'abord il a été admis que les tensions paradigmatiques compromettent l'efficacité des systèmes d'aide à la décision et la nécessité d’un consensus entre heuristiques sur le risque côtier ; ensuite, les mêmes conflits de paradigmes ont des conséquences dans le redéploiement opérationnel du concept de résilience et qu'un dialogue sur le sens du concept puisse être établi de façon épistémologiquement robuste ; enfin, il est primordial que soit établi une articulation fine entre choix de sens, déploiement opérationnel et représentations paradigmatiques sous-jacentes aux concepts déployés.

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    Authors: Chauvin, Thibaud;

    Several turn-of-the-20th-century diebacks have shown that French Douglas-fir was vulnerable to drought. Whether the Douglas-fir forests can adapt to the new warmer and dryer climate is a key concern in France. We estimated variation of resistance to cavitation traits of a set of Washington, Oregon and Californian provenances in two common garden experiments located in the south of France. We studied the relationships between resistance to cavitation, xylem microdensity and pit anatomy in the trunk and branches. We found that climatic selection pressure in the natural area has shaped local adaptation for resistance to cavitation, microdensity and pit's anatomy. Inland California provenances tend to be significantly more cavitation resistant, with a denser latewood and safer pits than coastal Californian, then Washington and Oregon provenances. However, we also found significant within region variation that could not be explained by the available climatic data. We found different structure-functions relationships, according to the observation level (tree or provenance) and the tree part (trunk or branch). For example, at the individual level, the most cavitation-resistant trees have branches with denser latewood and smaller pit aperture, while at the provenance level, the most cavitation resistant provenances have less dense wood in both trunk and branches, and safer pits. Overall, we conclude that there is a potential for evolutionary adaptation for resistance to drought in Douglas-fir, available at different levels, individual and provenance. However, in a tree improvement context, the complex network of relationships among the resistance to cavitation, the microdensity and the anatomy traits should be carefully monitored in order to avoid possible unfavourable correlative response to selection.; Plusieurs dépérissements du début du XXe siècle ont montré que le Douglas français était vulnérable à la sécheresse. La question de savoir si les forêts de Douglas peuvent s'adapter au nouveau climat plus chaud et plus sec est une préoccupation majeure en France. Nous avons estimé la variation de la résistance à la cavitation d'un ensemble de provenances de Washington, de l'Oregon et de Californie dans deux expériences de jardins communs situées dans le sud de la France. Nous avons étudié les relations entre la résistance à la cavitation, la microdensité du xylème et l'anatomie du tronc et des branches. Nous avons constaté que la pression de sélection climatique dans la zone naturelle a façonné l'adaptation locale pour la résistance à la cavitation, la microdensité et l'anatomie des ponctuations du xylème. Les provenances de Californie intérieure tendent à être plus résistantes à la cavitation, avec une plus grande densité de bois d'été et des ponctuation plus sûres que les provenances de Californie côtière, puis de Washington et d'Oregon. Cependant, nous avons également constaté des variations importantes à l'intérieur d'une même région qui ne pouvaient pas être expliquées par les données climatiques disponibles. Nous avons trouvé différentes relations structure-fonctions, selon le niveau d'observation (arbre ou provenance) et la partie de l'arbre (tronc ou branche). Par exemple, au niveau individuel, les arbres les plus résistants à la cavitation ont des branches plus denses avec une ouverture de ponctuation plus petite, tandis qu'au niveau de la provenance, les arbres les plus résistants à la cavitation ont du bois moins dense dans le tronc et les branches, et des ponctuations plus sûrs. Dans l'ensemble, nous concluons qu'il existe un potentiel d'adaptation évolutive pour la résistance à la sécheresse du Douglas, disponible à différents niveaux, individuel et de provenance. Cependant, dans un contexte d'amélioration des arbres, le réseau complexe de relations entre la résistance à la cavitation, la microdensité et les traits anatomiques doit être soigneusement examiné afin d'éviter une éventuelle réponse corrélative défavorable à la sélection.

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    Authors: Fawaz, Ibrahim;

    Nowadays, the wireless mobile communications are witnessing unprecedented growth fueled by the huge number of connected devices increasing importantly the demands for high-volume data traffic, requiring thus intensive computation and leading to high energy consumption. However, this expansion of wireless services is still restrained by mobile terminals limitations, in terms of processing capacity, storage and energy. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Energy Harvesting (EH) schemes have been recently proposed as promising technologies to extend the battery lives of mobile devices and improve their computing capabilities. On one hand, MEC enables offloading computation tasks from mobile devices to nearby Base Station with more energy and computations resources. On the other hand, EH exploits alternative renewable energy sources to power mobile devices. However, the stochastic nature of renewable energy may lead to energy outage. In such cases, the system’s performance can be degraded due to packet loss or intolerable latency. In order to sensure the system sustainability, efficient transmission policies under EH constraints are needed. In this thesis, we investigate the joint resource scheduling and computation offloading in a single user MEC system operating with EH based devices. The main contribution of this work is the introduction of the strict delay constraint instead of the average delay constraint to satisfy future requirements of lowlatency communications and critical applications. We study three different setups. In the first setup, we consider a perfect Channel State Information (CSI) at the transmitting device and we aim to minimize the packet loss due to delay violation and buffer overflow at the device’s data buffer. The associated optimization problem is modeled as Markov Decision Process and the optimal policy is exhibited through Dynamic Programming techniques. We show that the optimal policy outperforms other policies by adapting the number of processed packets to the system states. In the second setup, we consider a more realistic scenario, where the channel is not perfectly known at the transmitter and it is acquired after an estimation phase. In fact, this estimation can be erroneous degrading thus further the packet loss rate. Hence, we evaluate the previously obtained optimal policy under imperfect CSI conditions and we show that it remains robust with respect to other policies. Finally, we address the setup with no CSI at the transmitter. We therefore assume that an outdated CSI is only available and we show that the proposed optimal policy can still achieve good performance compared to other policies.; Aujourd’hui, les communications mobiles sans fil sont en pleine croissance, en raison du grand nombre d’appareils connectés, ce qui augmente considérablement la demande de gros volumes de données, nécessitant des calculs intensifs et entraînant une forte consommation d’énergie. Toutefois, cette expansion des services sans fil est encore entravée par les limitations des terminaux mobiles, en termes de capacité de traitement, de stockage et d’énergie. Récemment, le Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) et la récupération d’énergie (EH) ont été proposés comme des technologies prometteuses pour prolonger la durée de vie des batteries des appareils mobiles et améliorer leurs capacités de traitement. D’une part, le MEC permet de décharger les tâches de calcul des appareils mobiles vers une station de base voisine avec plus d’énergie et de ressources de traitement. D’autre part, l’EH exploite des sources d’énergie alternatives et renouvelables pour alimenter les appareils mobiles. Cependant, la nature stochastique des énergies renouvelables peut entraîner des pénuries d’énergie. Dans ce cas, les performances du système peuvent être dégradées en raison de la perte de paquets ou d’une latence intolérable. Afin de garantir la durabilité du système, des politiques de transmission efficaces sous les contraintes de l’EH sont nécessaires. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la planification conjointe des ressources et le déchargement des calculs dans un système MEC monoutilisateur fonctionnant avec des dispositifs basés sur l’EH. La contribution principale de ce travail est l’introduction de la contrainte de délai stricte au lieu de la contrainte de délai moyenne pour satisfaire les besoins futurs des communications à faible latence et des applications critiques. Nous étudions trois configurations différentes. Dans la première configuration, nous considérons que le canal est parfaitement connu au niveau de l’émetteur (CSI parfait) et nous visons à minimiser la perte de paquets due à la violation du délai et au débordement de la mémoire tampon du dispositif. Le problème d’optimisation associé est modélisé comme un processus de décision de Markov et la politique optimale est donnée par des techniques de programmation dynamique. Nous montrons que la politique optimale est plus performante que les autres politiques en adaptant le nombre de paquets traités aux états du système. Dans la seconde configuration, nous considérons un scénario plus réaliste, où le canal n’est pas parfaitement connu à l’émetteur et il est acquis après une phase d’estimation. En fait, cette estimation peut être erronée entraînant une dégradation supplémentaire du taux de perte de paquets. Par conséquent, nous évaluons la politique optimale obtenue précédemment lorsque le CSI est imparfait et nous montrons qu’elle reste robuste par rapport à d’autres politiques. Enfin, nous examinons la configuration sans CSI au niveau de l’émetteur. Nous supposons donc qu’un CSI obsolète est seulement disponible et nous montrons que la politique optimale proposée peut encore atteindre de bonnes performances par rapport à d’autres politiques

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43 Research products
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    Brüssel-Hauptstadt: Standort der Gebäude, für die die Aufforderungen zur Einreichung von Vorschlägen für „Exemplary Buildings“ ausgewählt wurden, die mit dem Ziel organisiert wurden, Initiativen im Bereich des ökologischen Baus und der integrierten Renovierung zu fördern. Um ausgewählt zu werden, müssen die Gewinner eine Reihe von Kriterien in Bezug auf Energie und Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, aber auch Komfort und Ästhetik erfüllen, wobei sie für den Brüsseler Markt finanziell zugänglich bleiben. Der Datensatz enthält die Anzahl und Bezeichnung der Projekte sowie einen Link zu einem Factsheet zur Beschreibung. Περιφέρεια Βρυξελλών-Πρωτευούσης: η τοποθεσία των επιτυχημένων κτιρίων των «παραδειγματικών κτιρίων» απαιτεί έργα που διοργανώνονται για την ενθάρρυνση της οικολογικής κατασκευής και της ολοκληρωμένης ανακαίνισης. Για να επιλεγούν, οι νικητές πρέπει να πληρούν μια σειρά κριτηρίων όσον αφορά τη διαχείριση της ενέργειας, του νερού και των αποβλήτων, καθώς και την άνεση και την αισθητική, ενώ παράλληλα θα παραμένουν οικονομικά προσπελάσιμοι στην αγορά των Βρυξελλών. Η βάση δεδομένων παρέχει αριθμούς και ονόματα έργων, καθώς και τον σύνδεσμο προς ένα περιγραφικό φύλλο. Región de Bruselas Capital: la ubicación de los edificios de éxito de los «Edificios ejemplares» convoca proyectos organizados para fomentar la ecoconstrucción y la renovación integrada. Para ser seleccionados, los ganadores deben cumplir una serie de criterios en términos de gestión de la energía, el agua y los residuos, así como el confort y la estética, al tiempo que siguen siendo accesibles desde el punto de vista financiero para el mercado de Bruselas. La base de datos proporciona números y nombres del proyecto, así como el enlace a una hoja descriptiva. Réigiún Caipitil na Bruiséile: tá gá le tionscadail a eagraíodh chun éicea-thógáil agus athchóiriú comhtháite a spreagadh chun foirgnimh rathúla na “Foirgneamh eiseamláireach” a aimsiú. Chun go roghnófar iad, ní mór do na buaiteoirí cloí le raon critéar i dtaca le fuinneamh, uisce agus bainistiú dramhaíola, chomh maith le compord agus aeistéitic, agus rochtain airgeadais a choinneáil ar mhargadh na Bruiséile ag an am céanna. Soláthraíonn an bunachar sonraí uimhreacha agus ainmneacha na dtionscadal, chomh maith leis an nasc chuig bileog thuairisciúil. Région de Bruxelles-Capitale : localisation des bâtiments lauréats des appels à projets "Bâtiments Exemplaires" organisés en vue d'encourager les démarches d'éco-construction et rénovation intégrée. Pour être sélectionnés, les lauréats doivent répondre à une série de critères en matière d'énergie, de gestion de l'eau et des déchets, mais aussi de confort et d'esthétisme tout en restant accessibles financièrement pour le marché bruxellois. La base de données fournit les numéros et noms de projets, ainsi que le lien vers une fiche descriptive. Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest: lokalisatie van de winnende gebouwen van de projectoproep "Voorbeeldgebouwen" die georganiseerd wordt om ecoconstuctie- en geïntegreerde renovatieprojecten aan te moedigen. Om geselecteerd te worden, moeten de laureaten aan een reeks criteria op de vlak van energie, waterbeheer en afvalstoffen alsook comfort en esthetiek voldoen en tegelijkertijd financieel toegankelijk blijven voor de Brusselse markt. Die gegevens bevatten het nummer en de naam van het project, en een link naar een beschrijvende fiche. Regiunea Bruxelles-Capitală: amplasarea clădirilor de succes ale „Clădirilor Exemplare” necesită proiecte organizate pentru a încuraja construcția ecologică și renovarea integrată. Pentru a fi selectați, câștigătorii trebuie să îndeplinească o serie de criterii în ceea ce privește energia, apa și gestionarea deșeurilor, precum și confortul și estetica, rămânând totodată accesibile din punct de vedere financiar pieței de la Bruxelles. Baza de date oferă numere și nume de proiecte, precum și linkul către o foaie descriptivă. Brussels-Capital Region: location of the buildings winning the "Exemplary Buildings" calls for proposals organised with the aim of encouraging initiatives in eco-construction and integrated renovation. In order to be selected, winners must fulfil a series of criteria with regard to energy and management of water and waste, but also comfort and aesthetics, all while remaining financially accessible for the Brussels market. The dataset contains the number and name of the projects, and a link to an description factsheet. Região de Bruxelas-Capital: localização dos edifícios bem sucedidos dos «Edifícios Exemplares» convites à apresentação de projetos organizados para incentivar a ecoconstrução e a renovação integrada. Para serem selecionados, os vencedores devem satisfazer uma série de critérios em termos de energia, água e gestão de resíduos, bem como de conforto e estética, mantendo-se financeiramente acessíveis ao mercado de Bruxelas. O banco de dados fornece números e nomes do projeto, bem como o link para uma folha descritiva. Brüsszel fővárosi régió: a „Példaként szolgáló épületek” sikeres épületeinek elhelyezkedése olyan projektekre irányul, amelyek célja az ökoépítés és az integrált felújítás ösztönzése. A kiválasztáshoz a nyerteseknek számos kritériumnak kell megfelelniük az energia-, víz- és hulladékgazdálkodás, valamint a kényelem és az esztétika tekintetében, miközben továbbra is pénzügyileg hozzáférhetők a brüsszeli piac számára. Az adatbázis tartalmazza a projektszámokat és neveket, valamint a leíró lapra mutató linket.

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    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Helferich, Marvin; Preuß, Sabine; +1 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the initial round of survey data gathered in France in 2022, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. In the first round of the survey, we recruited a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country, taking into account both the individual and household perspectives. The survey includes a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in various domains of life, such as housing, mobility, and diet. In addition to this, the survey also measures socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
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      ZENODO
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    The abstract gives an overview over geographical, environmental and political changes in Tunisia from 2000 to 2018. The focus is on wildfire evolution and climate change processes in Tunisia. L' augmentation des incendies de forêts, la littoralisation, la californisation, risque de voir les espèces invasives se multiplier-telle fut le résultat de l'étude GTZ « Stratégie nationale d'adaptation de l'agriculture tunisienne et des écosystèmes aux changements climatiques» sottie en 2007 - et dont l'auteur fut le responsable du groupe d'analyse des écosystèmes. Le diagnostic concernant l'évolution de risques de feux de forêts fut assez alarmant : « Nous pensons que les changements climatiques vont accroître considérablement les risques de feux de végétation. Le Nord de la Tunisie serait particulièrement affecté par cette évolution car en plus de l'augmentation des températures le stock combustible pourrait considérablement augmenter ... La progression des incendies, surtout de grands incendies nécessitant des grands stocks de combustibles, dans le Nord tunisien, peut avoir des conséquences particulièrement négatives pour toute l'économie tunisienne car elle met en danger les systèmes des barrages et l'approvisionnement en eau d'une grande partie de la Tunisie. (Neff, C. 2007., p.37-38)».Dix ans après la sortie de l' étude l' auteur essai d'évaluerà quel point les scenarios dessinés dans l'étude de 2007 sont encore d'actualité en Tunisie contemporaine (2017/18). Est-ce que les changements politiques, la révolution tunisienne de 2011 et la phase transitoire vers une démocratielibérale qui suivait cette révolution, ont pesé sur l' état de l'environnement. Quel est la tendance des fréquences d'incendies de forêts des dernières années en Tunisie. Est-ce que les pouvoirs politiques actuelsprennent en considération les «risques» que les changements climatiques peuvent engendrer pour les écosystèmes& les paysages tunisiennes. Le tout sera complété, par une vue globale d'extérieure sur la Tunisie-l'auteur est bloggeur sur le Monde.fr depuis 2009, et il suit les évènements tunisiens avec attention. Quel est la vue d'un bloggeur franco-allemande sur une Tunisie changeante et confronté à des défis politiques considérable: la phase de transition démocratique, les changements climatiques, mais aussi le futur des terres intérieures tunisiennes, les paysages ruraux à l'abandonet dont la jeunesse cherche à fuir vers des destinations meilleurs ...

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Conference object . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Conference object . 2018
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
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    Authors: Coquand, Mathieu;

    Concentrated solar power is a promising way for renewable energy production. Optical efficiency of the mirrors is one of the key factors influencing a power plant performance. Methods which allow the operator to adjust all the heliostat of a plant quickly, in addition of calibration and tracking, are essential for the rise of the technology. The work presented in this thesis is the study of a “backward-gazing” method consisting in placing four cameras near the receiver simultaneously recording brightness images of the sun reflected by the heliostat. The optical errors of the mirrors are retrieved from these four images and the knowledge of the one dimension sun radiance profile.The first step of the study consists in the theoretical description of the method. Then numerical simulations are performed to estimate the general accuracy and the limits of the backward-gazing method. In a third phase, experimental tests have been fulfilled at Themis solar power plant. Finally, ideas of improvement are proposed based on the experiments performed. La filière solaire thermodynamique concentrée est une des voies les plus prometteuses pour la production des énergies renouvelables du futur. L’efficacité des surfaces optiques est un des facteurs clés influant sur les performances d’une centrale. Un des défis technologiques restant à résoudre concerne le temps et les efforts nécessaires à l’ajustement et l’orientation de tous ces miroirs, ainsi que la calibration des héliostats pour assurer un suivi précis de la course du soleil et une concentration contrôlée. Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit propose une réponse à ce problème par le développement d’une méthode de caractérisation des héliostats dite de « rétrovisée », consistant à placer quatre caméras au voisinage du récepteur pour enregistrer les répartitions de luminance occasionnées par la réflexion du soleil sur l’héliostat. La connaissance du profil de luminance solaire, combiné à ces quatre images, permet de reconstruire les pentes des erreurs optiques de l’héliostat.La première étape de l’étude de la méthode a consisté à établir les différentes équations permettant de reconstruire les pentes des surfaces optiques à partir des différents paramètres du système. Ces différents développements théoriques ont ensuite permis la réalisation de simulations numériques pour valider la méthode et définir ses possibilités et ses limites. Enfin, des tests expérimentaux ont été réalisés sur le site de la centrale Thémis. À la suite de ces expériences, des pistes d’améliorations ont été identifiées pour améliorer la précision expérimentale et envisager son déploiement industriel.

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  • Authors: Lukoye Atwoli; Gregory E. Erhabor; Aiah A Gbakima; Abraham Haileamlak; +17 Authors

    No hay resumen disponible. Aucun résumé disponible. No abstract available. لا يوجد ملخص متاح.

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    Authors: Stolyarova, Elena;

    Little research has been done to date on French households’ preferences for energy retrofits in the dwelling. However, the economic role of these choices is crucial for implementing an effective and realistic energy policy in the residential sector, both in terms of proposed aid and targets. Are households interested in retrofits with high energy-savings potential? How much are they willing to pay and is it sufficient to cover the up-front costs? How many households have no choice of heating system, and what is their profile?This work sets out to answer these questions empirically using discrete choice models. It starts by analyzing the technical, socio-demographic and spatial constraints that face households and create barriers to domestic energy choices. A method to detect household constraint is devised and applied to the choice of space heating system in 2006 and 2013. The second stage analyzes household preferences for heating equipment and retrofits. This second part is based on a discrete choice experiment specially carried out for this research among 2,000 households. This work sheds light on households’ preferences and heterogeneity, as well as their willingness to pay, the implicit discount rate and other economic impacts. Les préférences des ménages français pour les travaux de rénovation énergétique dans le logement ont été peu étudiées jusqu’à présent. Or, elles sont la clé d’une politique énergétique efficace et réaliste pour le secteur résidentiel, tant au niveau des aides proposées, qu’au niveau des objectifs à réaliser. Les ménages sont-ils intéressés par des travaux à fort potentiel d’économie d’énergie ? Combien sont-ils prêt à payer et est-ce que c’est suffisant pour couvrir les coûts réels ? Combien de ménages n’ont pas le choix de leur mode de chauffage et quel est leur profil ?La thèse s'attache à répondre à ces questions de façon empirique à l’aide de modèles de choix discrets. Il s’agit, dans un premier temps, d’analyser les contraintes techniques, sociodémographiques et spatiales que rencontrent les ménages et qui entravent les choix énergétiques dans le logement. Une méthodologie de détection des ménages contraints a été proposée, puis appliquée au choix du chauffage en 2006 et 2013. Dans un deuxième temps, les préférences des ménages pour les équipements de chauffage et les travaux de rénovation ont été analysées. Cette deuxième partie utilise une enquête expérimentale qui a été réalisée spécialement pour ce travail de recherche auprès de 2000 ménages. Ce travail a permis de comprendre les préférences des ménages, leur hétérogénéité, et d’en déduire les consentements à payer, les taux d’actualisation implicites et les différents effets économiques.

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    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Janßen, Hannah; Preuß, Sabine; +3 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the second round of survey data gathered in France in 2023, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. The first round of the survey, consisted of recruiting a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country. In this second survey round, we recruit around 500 respondents from the initial survey round, ensuring representativity is maintained. This survey is very similar to the survey in the first round and includes a lot of identical items, including a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in the housing, mobility, and diet sectors, socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort. New for this second round, we have incorporated questions regarding the measures respondents adopted in response to the 2022 energy crisis.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
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      ZENODO
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
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    Authors: Kane, Idrissa oumar;

    This PhD sets and explores the possibilities of « dialogue of knowledge » between scientists and local communities about resilience strategies implementations for climate coastal risks adaptation. This dialogue focuses on questions of paradigmatics representations, values and materials issues. This dialogue of knowledge, advocated by scientific community and claimed by wide audience, is increasingly needed due to complex societal problems related to climate change and different world visions. The technocentered rationality has always been an approche which dominate in the responses to the challenge of adaptation. However, in the name of integrated gouvernance, this approach is more and more contested by local communities due to their strong engagement in proposing socially co-constructed alternatives. In the first paper « Communicating risk through a DSS: a coastal risk centered empirical analysis » our research focus on the conflict of representation between scientists and local stackeholders about the probabilistic nature of coastal risk and the impacts mitigation options. Thus, a dialogic communication, based on taking into account heuristic values of local actors, is necessary. In the second paper « L'utilisation du concept polysémique de résilience: une analyse empirique en milieu côtier » our research focus on the choice of meaning of resilience concept through public policy of coastal risk management. This concept, considering its history and evolution through its various disciplinary practices, has raised, in addition to problem of polysemy due to its high use, a lack of consensus on the suitable definition. In the third paper «Vulnérabilité et résilience, entre conceptions déterministes et non déterministes : les sciences du risque côtier à la croisée des chemins », it is to questionne the choice of models and approaches used by reseachers to analyse and intervene on the coastal system. Building on the two first papers, this pape ris an unique proposition of paradigmatic tilt in the conceptual and operational processing of socio-ecosystems gouvernance. This way of presentation (thesis structured by papers) is done in accordance with required principles and technics of redaction approved by academic world (here, the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines). The three papers are closely linked in their respective thematic. This explain the coherence of the conducted research and the obtained results. In the methodology, the research is built/base on an empirical approach starting from an theorical approach related to the concepts studied. The method of datas collection is semi-structured interviews, focus group, with a thematic questionnaire. The method of datas processing is done by coding these latter in ATLAS.ti. The method of datas analysis is done by iterative grounded theorisation. The targeted audience is the scientific involved in the THESEUS project and the coastal communities lived in three experimental coastal settings of the project (Gironde in France, Santander in Spain and Cesenatico in Italia). In the conclusion, it is first admitted that paradigmatic tensions can compromise the efficacity of decision support system process and the need of consensus between heuristics on the coastal risk ; second, the same paradigmatic conflicts have some consequences in the operational deployment of resilience concept and it requires a dialogue about the signification of this concept in an epistemologically robust way. Finally, it is primordial to found a neat articulation between the choice of meaning, the operational deployment and the paradigmatic representations underlying the displayed concepts. Cette thèse pose et explore ici les possibilités de « dialogue des connaissances » entre scientifiques et communautés locales concernant la mise en place des stratégies de résilience en vue de l'adaptation aux risques côtiers attribués aux changements climatiques. Ce dialogue porte sur la question des représentations paradigmatiques, des valeurs et des enjeux matériels. Ce dialogue des connaissances, prôné au sein de la communauté scientifique et réclamé par le public large, s'impose de plus en plus vu la complexité des questions de sociétés liées au climat et aux visions du monde différentes. La rationalité technocentrée a toujours dominé dans les réponses aux défis liés à l'adaptation. Cependant, au nom de la gouvernance intégrée, cette approche est de plus en plus battue en brèche par les communautés locales du fait de leur fort engagement dans la proposition d’alternatives socialement co-construites. Dans le premier article « Communicating risk through a DSS: a coastal risk centered empirical analysis », nos recherches portent sur le conflit de représentations opposant scientifiques et acteurs locaux à propos de la nature probabiliste du risque côtier et des options de mitigation des impacts. Ainsi, une communication dialogique, basée sur la prise en compte des heuristiques de valeurs des acteurs locaux, est nécessaire. Dans le deuxième article « L'utilisation du concept polysémique de résilience: une analyse empirique en milieu côtier », nos recherches portent sur le choix de sens à propos du mot résilience à travers les politiques publiques de gestion du risque côtier. Ce concept, eu égard à son histoire et son évolution à travers ses différents usages disciplinaires, a posé, outre le problème de polysémie liée à sa forte utilisation, un manque de consensus sur le sens adéquat. Dans le troisième article «Vulnérabilité et résilience, entre conceptions déterministes et non déterministes : les sciences du risque côtier à la croisée des chemins », il s’agit de questionner les choix de modèles et d’approches utilisés par les chercheurs pour analyser et intervenir sur les systèmes côtiers. Construisant sur les résultats des premiers articles, cet article constitue une proposition unique de basculement paradigmatique dans le traitement conceptuel et opérationnel de la gouvernance des socio-écosystèmes complexes. La forme de présentation adoptée (thèse par articles) est faite dans le respect des principes et techniques rédactionnels requis, approuvée dans le monde académique (ici l'université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines). Les trois articles sont étroitement liés par leurs thématiques respectives. Ceci explique la cohérence de la recherche menée et des résultats obtenus. Dans la méthodologie, la recherche s'appuie sur une démarche empirique en partant d’une démarche théorique ayant trait aux concepts étudiés. La méthode de collecte de données est les entretiens semi-directifs, focus groupe, muni de questionnaires thématiques. La méthode de traitement des corpus empiriques s’est effectuée par le codage dans ATLAS.ti. La méthode d’analyse des corpus est faite par l’approche théorisation ancrée itérative. Le public cible est les scientifiques du projet THESEUS et les communautés côtières de trois sites d'expérimentation du projet (Gironde en France, Santander en Espagne et Cesenatico en Italie). Dans la conclusion, d'abord il a été admis que les tensions paradigmatiques compromettent l'efficacité des systèmes d'aide à la décision et la nécessité d’un consensus entre heuristiques sur le risque côtier ; ensuite, les mêmes conflits de paradigmes ont des conséquences dans le redéploiement opérationnel du concept de résilience et qu'un dialogue sur le sens du concept puisse être établi de façon épistémologiquement robuste ; enfin, il est primordial que soit établi une articulation fine entre choix de sens, déploiement opérationnel et représentations paradigmatiques sous-jacentes aux concepts déployés.

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    Authors: Chauvin, Thibaud;

    Several turn-of-the-20th-century diebacks have shown that French Douglas-fir was vulnerable to drought. Whether the Douglas-fir forests can adapt to the new warmer and dryer climate is a key concern in France. We estimated variation of resistance to cavitation traits of a set of Washington, Oregon and Californian provenances in two common garden experiments located in the south of France. We studied the relationships between resistance to cavitation, xylem microdensity and pit anatomy in the trunk and branches. We found that climatic selection pressure in the natural area has shaped local adaptation for resistance to cavitation, microdensity and pit's anatomy. Inland California provenances tend to be significantly more cavitation resistant, with a denser latewood and safer pits than coastal Californian, then Washington and Oregon provenances. However, we also found significant within region variation that could not be explained by the available climatic data. We found different structure-functions relationships, according to the observation level (tree or provenance) and the tree part (trunk or branch). For example, at the individual level, the most cavitation-resistant trees have branches with denser latewood and smaller pit aperture, while at the provenance level, the most cavitation resistant provenances have less dense wood in both trunk and branches, and safer pits. Overall, we conclude that there is a potential for evolutionary adaptation for resistance to drought in Douglas-fir, available at different levels, individual and provenance. However, in a tree improvement context, the complex network of relationships among the resistance to cavitation, the microdensity and the anatomy traits should be carefully monitored in order to avoid possible unfavourable correlative response to selection.; Plusieurs dépérissements du début du XXe siècle ont montré que le Douglas français était vulnérable à la sécheresse. La question de savoir si les forêts de Douglas peuvent s'adapter au nouveau climat plus chaud et plus sec est une préoccupation majeure en France. Nous avons estimé la variation de la résistance à la cavitation d'un ensemble de provenances de Washington, de l'Oregon et de Californie dans deux expériences de jardins communs situées dans le sud de la France. Nous avons étudié les relations entre la résistance à la cavitation, la microdensité du xylème et l'anatomie du tronc et des branches. Nous avons constaté que la pression de sélection climatique dans la zone naturelle a façonné l'adaptation locale pour la résistance à la cavitation, la microdensité et l'anatomie des ponctuations du xylème. Les provenances de Californie intérieure tendent à être plus résistantes à la cavitation, avec une plus grande densité de bois d'été et des ponctuation plus sûres que les provenances de Californie côtière, puis de Washington et d'Oregon. Cependant, nous avons également constaté des variations importantes à l'intérieur d'une même région qui ne pouvaient pas être expliquées par les données climatiques disponibles. Nous avons trouvé différentes relations structure-fonctions, selon le niveau d'observation (arbre ou provenance) et la partie de l'arbre (tronc ou branche). Par exemple, au niveau individuel, les arbres les plus résistants à la cavitation ont des branches plus denses avec une ouverture de ponctuation plus petite, tandis qu'au niveau de la provenance, les arbres les plus résistants à la cavitation ont du bois moins dense dans le tronc et les branches, et des ponctuations plus sûrs. Dans l'ensemble, nous concluons qu'il existe un potentiel d'adaptation évolutive pour la résistance à la sécheresse du Douglas, disponible à différents niveaux, individuel et de provenance. Cependant, dans un contexte d'amélioration des arbres, le réseau complexe de relations entre la résistance à la cavitation, la microdensité et les traits anatomiques doit être soigneusement examiné afin d'éviter une éventuelle réponse corrélative défavorable à la sélection.

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    Authors: Fawaz, Ibrahim;

    Nowadays, the wireless mobile communications are witnessing unprecedented growth fueled by the huge number of connected devices increasing importantly the demands for high-volume data traffic, requiring thus intensive computation and leading to high energy consumption. However, this expansion of wireless services is still restrained by mobile terminals limitations, in terms of processing capacity, storage and energy. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Energy Harvesting (EH) schemes have been recently proposed as promising technologies to extend the battery lives of mobile devices and improve their computing capabilities. On one hand, MEC enables offloading computation tasks from mobile devices to nearby Base Station with more energy and computations resources. On the other hand, EH exploits alternative renewable energy sources to power mobile devices. However, the stochastic nature of renewable energy may lead to energy outage. In such cases, the system’s performance can be degraded due to packet loss or intolerable latency. In order to sensure the system sustainability, efficient transmission policies under EH constraints are needed. In this thesis, we investigate the joint resource scheduling and computation offloading in a single user MEC system operating with EH based devices. The main contribution of this work is the introduction of the strict delay constraint instead of the average delay constraint to satisfy future requirements of lowlatency communications and critical applications. We study three different setups. In the first setup, we consider a perfect Channel State Information (CSI) at the transmitting device and we aim to minimize the packet loss due to delay violation and buffer overflow at the device’s data buffer. The associated optimization problem is modeled as Markov Decision Process and the optimal policy is exhibited through Dynamic Programming techniques. We show that the optimal policy outperforms other policies by adapting the number of processed packets to the system states. In the second setup, we consider a more realistic scenario, where the channel is not perfectly known at the transmitter and it is acquired after an estimation phase. In fact, this estimation can be erroneous degrading thus further the packet loss rate. Hence, we evaluate the previously obtained optimal policy under imperfect CSI conditions and we show that it remains robust with respect to other policies. Finally, we address the setup with no CSI at the transmitter. We therefore assume that an outdated CSI is only available and we show that the proposed optimal policy can still achieve good performance compared to other policies.; Aujourd’hui, les communications mobiles sans fil sont en pleine croissance, en raison du grand nombre d’appareils connectés, ce qui augmente considérablement la demande de gros volumes de données, nécessitant des calculs intensifs et entraînant une forte consommation d’énergie. Toutefois, cette expansion des services sans fil est encore entravée par les limitations des terminaux mobiles, en termes de capacité de traitement, de stockage et d’énergie. Récemment, le Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) et la récupération d’énergie (EH) ont été proposés comme des technologies prometteuses pour prolonger la durée de vie des batteries des appareils mobiles et améliorer leurs capacités de traitement. D’une part, le MEC permet de décharger les tâches de calcul des appareils mobiles vers une station de base voisine avec plus d’énergie et de ressources de traitement. D’autre part, l’EH exploite des sources d’énergie alternatives et renouvelables pour alimenter les appareils mobiles. Cependant, la nature stochastique des énergies renouvelables peut entraîner des pénuries d’énergie. Dans ce cas, les performances du système peuvent être dégradées en raison de la perte de paquets ou d’une latence intolérable. Afin de garantir la durabilité du système, des politiques de transmission efficaces sous les contraintes de l’EH sont nécessaires. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la planification conjointe des ressources et le déchargement des calculs dans un système MEC monoutilisateur fonctionnant avec des dispositifs basés sur l’EH. La contribution principale de ce travail est l’introduction de la contrainte de délai stricte au lieu de la contrainte de délai moyenne pour satisfaire les besoins futurs des communications à faible latence et des applications critiques. Nous étudions trois configurations différentes. Dans la première configuration, nous considérons que le canal est parfaitement connu au niveau de l’émetteur (CSI parfait) et nous visons à minimiser la perte de paquets due à la violation du délai et au débordement de la mémoire tampon du dispositif. Le problème d’optimisation associé est modélisé comme un processus de décision de Markov et la politique optimale est donnée par des techniques de programmation dynamique. Nous montrons que la politique optimale est plus performante que les autres politiques en adaptant le nombre de paquets traités aux états du système. Dans la seconde configuration, nous considérons un scénario plus réaliste, où le canal n’est pas parfaitement connu à l’émetteur et il est acquis après une phase d’estimation. En fait, cette estimation peut être erronée entraînant une dégradation supplémentaire du taux de perte de paquets. Par conséquent, nous évaluons la politique optimale obtenue précédemment lorsque le CSI est imparfait et nous montrons qu’elle reste robuste par rapport à d’autres politiques. Enfin, nous examinons la configuration sans CSI au niveau de l’émetteur. Nous supposons donc qu’un CSI obsolète est seulement disponible et nous montrons que la politique optimale proposée peut encore atteindre de bonnes performances par rapport à d’autres politiques

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