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Project: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets - These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6). CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. Summary: These data include the subset used by IPCC AR6 WGI authors of the datasets originally published in ESGF for 'CMIP6.PMIP.NCC.NorESM1-F' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The NorESM1-F (a fast version of NorESM that is designed for paleo and multi-ensemble simulations) climate model, released in 2018, includes the following components: atmos: CAM4 (2 degree resolution; 144 x 96; 32 levels; top level 3 mb), land: CLM4, landIce: CISM, ocean: MICOM (1 degree resolution; 360 x 384; 70 levels; top grid cell minimum 0-2.5 m [native model uses hybrid density and generic upper-layer coordinate interpolated to z-level for contributed data]), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC5.1, seaIce: CICE4. The model was run by the NorESM Climate modeling Consortium consisting of CICERO (Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo 0349), MET-Norway (Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo 0313), NERSC (Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen 5006), NILU (Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2027), UiB (University of Bergen, Bergen 5007), UiO (University of Oslo, Oslo 0313) and UNI (Uni Research, Bergen 5008), Norway. Mailing address: NCC, c/o MET-Norway, Henrik Mohns plass 1, Oslo 0313, Norway (NCC) in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

Comprehensive and reliable information on anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gas emissions is required to track progress towards keeping warming well below 2°C as agreed upon in the Paris Agreement. Here we provide a dataset on anthropogenic GHG emissions 1970-2019 with a broad country and sector coverage. We build the dataset from recent releases from the “Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research” (EDGAR) for CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industry (FFI), CH4 emissions, N2O emissions, and fluorinated gases and use a well-established fast-track method to extend this dataset from 2018 to 2019. We complement this with information on net CO2 emissions from land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) from three available bookkeeping models.

Survey of Timisoara City residents conducted by the West University of Timisoara for the SMARTEES project between March and August 2020 (n=439). The survey was aimed at (1) understanding individual behaviours related to the environment and energy in general, and (2) assessing how people make decisions about energy efficiency measures in particular (i.e., perceptions about existing regional or national programmes aiming to improve the energy efficiency of homes through upgrades to the building fabric with a neighbourhood-scale heat network retrofit). It includes data about citizens' attitudes, behaviours and social networks. Files include the dataset in two formats: .csv and .sav. The questionnaire, a data dictionary and background and sampling details are also included.

Project: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets - These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6). CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. Summary: These data include the subset used by IPCC AR6 WGI authors of the datasets originally published in ESGF for 'CMIP6.CMIP.NCC.NorESM2-LM.esm-hist' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The NorESM2-LM (low atmosphere-medium ocean resolution, GHG concentration driven) climate model, released in 2017, includes the following components: aerosol: OsloAero, atmos: CAM-OSLO (2 degree resolution; 144 x 96; 32 levels; top level 3 mb), atmosChem: OsloChemSimp, land: CLM, landIce: CISM, ocean: MICOM (1 degree resolution; 360 x 384; 70 levels; top grid cell minimum 0-2.5 m [native model uses hybrid density and generic upper-layer coordinate interpolated to z-level for contributed data]), ocnBgchem: HAMOCC, seaIce: CICE. The model was run by the NorESM Climate modeling Consortium consisting of CICERO (Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo 0349), MET-Norway (Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo 0313), NERSC (Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen 5006), NILU (Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2027), UiB (University of Bergen, Bergen 5007), UiO (University of Oslo, Oslo 0313) and UNI (Uni Research, Bergen 5008), Norway. Mailing address: NCC, c/o MET-Norway, Henrik Mohns plass 1, Oslo 0313, Norway (NCC) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, landIce: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, ocnBgchem: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

This dataset was prepared by TNO as a contribution to the H2020 project CHE and the H2020 project VERIFY. The basis is a high-resolution (~1x1 km) emission inventory providing CO2 and CO (from fossil fuels and biofuels separately) over western Europe (2ºW - 19ºE, 47ºN - 56ºN). The reported emissions by European countries to UNFCCC (CO2) and to EMEP/CEIP (CO) have been used and where needed gap-filled or replaced with emission data from the GAINS model. These country-level emissions are disaggregated in space using a consistent spatial distribution methodology, whereas large point sources are listed with their exact locations. This approach is similar to the one described by Kuenen et al., (ACP, 2014). Emissions are reported per GNFR sector, with an extra split for road transport. The emission grids that are part of this dataset are a variation on the base grid, representing the uncertainty in the emission data. Each grid is equally plausible. The grids have been created using a Monte Carlo approach. The uncertainties in the underlying data used to create the base grid (emissions: activity data and emission factors, spatial proxies) have been collected (either from country reports or based on expert judgement). Through the Monte Carlo simulation these uncertainties, taking into account error correlations between some sub-sectors, are combined to create ten new emission grids. The spread in emissions between these emission maps gives an indication of the uncertainty in the emissions. The grid files (in .csv and .nc format) contain annual total emissions per grid cell for the year 2015. A separate file has been prepared for each ensemble member in the Monte Carlo simulation (indicated with M). The unit in the files is kg/yr. A detailed description of the Monte Carlo simulation is presented in: Super, I., Dellaert, S. N. C., Visschedijk, A. J. H., and Denier van der Gon, H. A. C.: Uncertainty analysis of a European high-resolution emission inventory of CO2 and CO to support inverse modelling and network design, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-696, in review, 2019. N.B. It is important to note that 10 maps are not sufficient to describe the sometimes complex uncertainty structures, for example in the case of lognormal uncertainty distributions. The interpretation of the uncertainty based on these 10 maps should therefore be done with care. NB. Despite efforts to prevent negative emissions to occur in the grid maps, some negative values are still present. In local studies this might cause some issues, and we recommend to set negative emissions to zero in those cases.

Data reported by companies on the production, import, export, destruction and feedstock use of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the European Union during the years 2007-2019. The primary data is synthesised and aggregated at EU level and used to assess the progress on HFC phase-down made under both EU legislation and the UN framework as part of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. The data also details the amount of F-gases supplied to various industrial applications.

This article describes an innovative method for measuring lighting levels and other lighting parameters through the use of aerial imagery of towns and cities. Combined with electricity consumption data from smart electricity meters, it was possible to measure the energy efficiency of public lighting installations. The results of this study also confirmed that lighting measurements, installation material, luminaire position, and electricity consumption data can be easily integrated into geographic information systems (GIS). The main advantage of this new methodology is that it provides information about lighting installations in large areas in less time than more conventional procedures. It is thus a more effective way of obtaining the data required to calculate the energy efficiency of lighting levels and electricity consumption. There is even the possibility of generating street lighting maps that provide local administrations with up-to-date information regarding the status of public lighting installations in their city. In this way, modifications or improvements can be made to achieve greater energy savings and, if necessary, to correct the distribution or configuration of public lighting systems to make them more efficient and sustainable. This research studied levels of street lighting and calculated the energy efficiency in various streets of Deifontes (Granada), through the use of aerial imagery.

This study focuses on formulating the most sustainable concrete by incorporating recycled concrete aggregates and other products retrieved from construction and demolition (C&D) activities. Both recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) and recycled fine aggregates (RFA) are firstly used to fully replace the natural coarse and fine aggregates in the concrete mix design. Later, the cement rich ultrafine particles, recycled glass powder and mineral fibres recovered from construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are further incorporated at a smaller rate either as cement substituent or as supplementary additives. Remarkable properties are noticed when the RCA (4–12 mm) and RFA (0.25–4 mm) are fully used to replace the natural aggregates in a new concrete mix. The addition of recycled cement rich ultrafines (RCU), Recycled glass ultrafines (RGU) and recycled mineral fibres (RMF) into recycled concrete improves the modulus of elasticity. The final concrete, which comprises more than 75% (wt.) of recycled components/materials, is believed to be the most sustainable and green concrete mix. Mechanical properties and durability of this concrete have been studied and found to be within acceptable limits, indicating the potential of recycled aggregates and other CDW components in shaping sustainable and circular construction practices. The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from EU Horizon 2020 Project VEEP ‘‘Cost-Effective Recycling of C&DW in High Added Value Energy Efficient Prefabricated Concrete Compo-nents for Massive Retrofitting of our Built Environment” (No.723582).