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Исследование ландшафтов всегда было традиционным научным направлением географии. В России подобная направленность исследований остаётся актуальной, несмотря на то, что термины «геоэкология» и «ландшафтная экология» сегодня более распространены в англоязычном научном сообществе. Наш краткий обзор показывает значительное ускорение антропогенных ландшафтных изменений в Европе, Центральной Азии и азиатской части России за последние пять десятилетий. Ландшафтные исследования в антропоцене должны быть направлены на достижение и сохранение устойчивости ландшафта при его высокой производительности, что включает в себя прекращение деградации ландшафтов, развитие культурных и сохранение природных ландшафтов. Чистая вода и чистый воздух, плодородные и здоровые почвы для производства продуктов питания и других экосистемных услуг, а также биологически разнообразная зеленая среда являются атрибутами ландшафтов, обеспечивающих выживание и благополучие населения. Дисциплинарные и междисциплинарные исследования должны генерировать знания, инновации и правила принятия действенных решений. Генерация знаний в глобализованном мире основана на сборе больших массивов данных и моделировании сценариев. Международные длительные полевые опыты и системы агроэкологического мониторинга будут предоставлять данные для экосистемных моделей и систем поддержки принимаемых решений. Landscape research has been a traditional scientific discipline of geography. This is still the case in Russia, whilst the terms geo-ecology and landscape ecology have become established in the English speaking scientific community. Our short review reveals huge and accelerating anthropogenic landscape transformations in Europe, Central Asia and Asian Russia since the end the 1960s. Landscape research in the Anthropocene has to focus on achieving landscape sustainability at high productivity. This includes halting landscape degradation, developing cultural landscapes, and maintaining semi-natural landscapes. Clean water and air, fertile and healthy soils for food and other ecosystem services and a green and bio-diverse environment are attributes of landscapes for the survival and well-being of humans. Research has to generate knowledge, innovations and decision rules by disciplinary, interdisciplinary and trans-disciplinary work. Knowledge generation in a globalized world is based on big data gathering and scenario modelling. International long-term experiments and agri-environmental monitoring systems will deliver data for ecosystem models and decision support systems.

Photovoltaic (PV) technologies constitute a leading renewable energy source with a worldwide installed capacity of 135 GW in 2013 that may increase to nearly 4700 GW in 2050. To achieve this production level while minimizing environmental impacts, decision makers must rely at national level on relevant technological, economic and planning aspects which are highly geographically dependent. The access to performance data is a critical issue in the decision-making process and determines the successful development of efficient PV systems. For this reason, a new interactive tool is proposed here to provide the users with easy-to-use data and maps for the solar irradiation and screening level environmental results of representative PV technologies. The calculation procedures account for the geographic location and the PV system layout (installation, orientation and inclination angles). The tool has a worldwide coverage with a multi-criteria scope, both in terms of the numerous technological scenarios and of the wide range of environmental indicators. Moreover, the user is given the possibility to compare the PV environmental performance to the corresponding country electricity mix environmental footprint. 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2869-2873

During their lifespan, products can cause severe environmental and social impacts in all stages of their lifecycle. The circular economy with its focus on closing and slowing material and energy loops is a means to reduce these broad impacts. Circular economy forms the basis of the EU’s ambitions to reconcile present economic activities within the planetary boundaries while meeting its aim for climate neutrality by 2050. Electronic and electronics equipment is a key product focus area for the European Commission, during the waste stage. Similar to other EU Directives, current electronics waste legislation will be updated in the coming years. The transition to a circular economy will require new and modified roles and responsibilities for actors, e.g. government, businesses and citizens. This report provides a detailed exploration of the governance issues within the current electronics waste policy, focusing on the instrument of extended producer responsibility. Through three detailed case studies of Italy, France and the Netherlands, the key organisational and policy features are explained, and the strengths and weaknesses are outlined. Based on the analysis of the case studies, we argue the subsequent developments for extended producer responsibility for waste electrical and electronic equipment to include the four followings aspects in its development: 1. Introducing the modulation of fees at the European level: the fee paid by producers for the collection and recycling of their products should be modulated based on the circularity and sustainability of the product in question. Fee modulation is allowed under the current EU WEEE law. However, it is not applied systematically. This is already done in France for EEE based on the standardisation of components, weight and specific materials. Fee modulation guidelines have been developed by the OECD. However, the key aspect to the ability of the fees to affect product design is the size of the fee. Studies have illustrated that current fees are between 0.2 and 2% of the product price. Higher levels of fees, e.g. more than the 2% product price, combined with a visible fee are recommended to be implemented at the EU level; 2. Broadening the scope of which actors are included in national EPR systems while promoting high R-strategies: the types of actors and responsibilities within the extended producer responsibility schemes need to be broadened. This is possible under EU law and has partly been done in France, where civic actors are now included in the functioning and directing of the schemes. However, the transition to a circular economy requires the promotion of more than just recycling of EEE to the other R-strategies. This requires systematically integrating the other economic actors in the design and functioning of the system, e.g. Repair, Remanufacturing etc.; 3. Measures to promote the highest value recycling of collected WEEE: products that reach their end-of-life they need to be effectively collected and treated to the best standard. The current targets and quality measures promote the collection and recycling of electronics based on mass, not on a specific material or quality criteria. A standard for the treatment of WEEE EN 45558 is available, although it is not mandatory. We recommend this standard be made mandatory across the EU. In addition, we call for a systematic pan-EU assessment of available and future recycling technologies, possibilities for urban mining from WEEE, and funding options needed to direct this, specifically in the area of critical raw materials recovery from electronics; 4. Expanding the scope of EPR beyond national borders: the scope of extended producer responsibility schemes needs to be expanded to account for the multiple uses of the product and the responsibility when products move internationally. While EPR has shown great ability to shift WEEE away from landfilling. The complexity of systems, rules and their enforcement between member states and beyond has led to varying national rules and issues of transparency between jurisdictions. The quantity of producers, importers, distributors and second-hand sellers makes the tracking and monitoring of WEEE within and between national jurisdictions challenging, especially for the export of collected and secondary products. In particular, this relates to the need for a solid understanding of the quantities of WEEE moving between jurisdictions and suitable mechanisms in place to finance the appropriate disposal. The highly international nature of WEEE supply chains and global trade and flows of WEEE have led some to call for a ‘global EPR’ or ‘ultimate producer responsibility’ system.

In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan

A key objective of work package 5 of the ENTRUST project has been to develop a cohesive community research environment utilising participatory action research (PAR) techniques that encourage active participant engagement in the project and the issues informing ENTRUST’s intersectional, co-design programme. Establishing the creative spaces whereby stakeholders are able to identify, consider, and then deliberate on, the actions and behaviours that influence their respective participations and positionalities in the energy system and its current transition, has been essential to this approach. In addition, it was important for the research team that this was done by implementing a range of iterative, multi-scalar dialogues with participants within each of the case study communities that, in turn, also informed the team’s engagements in each of the other communities when applicable. The previous two deliverables for this work package reported on how the ENTRUST team went about achieving these goals, from the selection of the communities of practice through to the reflexive feedback and analysis of the community dialogue outcomes. An important part of these activities was to ensure that an essential requirement of the project, achieving gender inclusion in the research actions, was possible. Collecting a majority male (or indeed female) perspective was considered anathema to the project’s overall goals and therefore not considered an option. D5.1 Report on Community Dialogues demonstrated how the research team went about ensuring that balanced engagement did occur, in terms of gender, and discussed the suite of collaborative methods that were deployed. D5.2 Report on the Expert Feedback on Community Dialogue Outcomes dealt more specifically with an innovative research method adopted for the research communities in this project, a deliberative democracy tool known as the citizen jury, in addition to a modified Delphi-panel with experts – this was further augmented with engagements at the community level – to coproduce a set of principles that promote a fair and inclusive energy transition in Europe. This deliverable, in turn, reports on the research carried out on new policy mixes and innovative cooperation mechanisms that have the potential to support transitions. In addition to the key findings emerging from WP5, the report has also applied a number of the lessons learned from Task 4.1 to develop the cooperation mechanisms that will prove useful to policy makers tasked with driving the energy transition at the various socio-political and infrastructural levels of Europe’s energy transition. Policy plays a key role in shaping societal responses to a vast array of influences and circumstances, both in terms of human and non-human interactions. Therefore, the tools and pathways policy makers promote as they seek to drive an agenda towards its final policy goal can have consequences not always foreseen by those self-same policy makers. This report offers a number of examples of innovative cooperation mechanisms that have been applied in real-world contexts, as well as some that could complement existing mechanisms already in place. The insights presented in this report highlight a number of examples, or scenarios, where energy user communities outside of the ENTRUST project can learn from and apply to their local and national contexts.

The study examines the global pattern and impacts of droughts through mapping several drought-related characteristics - either at a country level or at regular grid scales. It appears that arid and semi-arid areas also tend to have a higher probability of drought occurrence. It is illustrated that the African continent is lagging behind the rest of the world on many indicators related to drought-preparedness and that agricultural economies, overall, are much more vulnerable to adverse societal impacts of meteorological droughts. The study also examines the ability of various countries to satisfy their water needs during droughts using storage-related indices.

{"references": ["R. J. Robles and T. Kim, \"Applications, Systems and Methods in Smart Home Technology: A Review,\" Int. J. Adv. Sci. Technol., vol. 15, 2010.", "S. S. Cho, \"Energy-Efficient Smart Home System: Optimization of Residential Electricity Load Management System,\" 2013.", "B. Zhou et al., \"Smart home energy management systems: Concept, configurations, and scheduling strategies,\" Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 61, pp. 30\u201340, Aug. 2016.", "M. Kuzlu, M. Pipattanasomporn, and S. Rahman, \"Hardware Demonstration of a Home Energy Management System for Demand Response Applications,\" IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1704\u20131711, Dec. 2012.", "A. Dimeas et al., \"Smart Houses in the Smart Grid: Developing an interactive network.,\" IEEE Electrification Mag., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 81\u201393, Mar. 2014.", "R. Missaoui, H. Joumaa, S. Ploix, and S. Bacha, \"Managing energy Smart Homes according to energy prices: Analysis of a Building Energy Management System,\" Energy Build., vol. 71, pp. 155\u2013167, Mar. 2014.", "T. Zhu, A. Mishra, D. Irwin, N. Sharma, P. Shenoy, and D. Towsley, \"The case for efficient renewable energy management in smart homes,\" in Proceedings of the Third ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings, 2011, pp. 67\u201372.", "O. Elma and U. S. Selamo\u011fullari, \"A home energy management algorithm with smart plug for maximized customer comfort,\" in Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), 2015 4th International Conference on, 2015, pp. 1\u20134.", "NKE Watteco, \"LoRaWAN-Smart-Plug-Data-Sheet-v2.0.pdf.\" (Online). Available: http://www.nke-watteco.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/LoRaWAN-Smart-Plug-Data-Sheet-v2.0.pdf.\n[10]\t\"Smart-plug_LoRa_en.pdf.\" (Online). Available: http://www.nke-watteco.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Smart-plug_LoRa_en.pdf. (Accessed: 25-Nov-2016).\n[11]\t\"Belkin\u202f: Support.\" (Online). Available: http://www.belkin.com/fr/support/article/?lid=fr&aid=17172. (Accessed: 25-Nov-2016).\n[12]\t\"FGWPE_F-101-Wall-Plug-en.pdf.\" (Online). Available: http://www.fibaro.com/manuals/en/FGWPE_F-101-Wall-Plug/FGWPE_F-101-Wall-Plug-en.pdf. (Accessed: 25-Nov-2016).\n[13]\tlui_gough, \"Review, Teardown: Belkin WeMo Switch (F7C027au),\" Gough's Tech Zone, 06-Dec-2015. (Online). Available: http://goughlui.com/2015/12/06/review-teardown-belkin-wemo-switch-f7c027au/. (Accessed: 27-Nov-2016).\n[14]\t\"ee_phantom_load.pdf.\" (Online). Available: https://www.midamericanenergy.com/content/pdf/ee/ee_phantom_load.pdf. (Accessed: 29-Nov-2016)."]} Intelligent electronic equipment and automation network is the brain of high-tech energy management systems in critical role of smart homes dominance. Smart home is a technology integration for greater comfort, autonomy, reduced cost, and energy saving as well. These services can be provided to home owners for managing their home appliances locally or remotely and consequently allow them to automate intelligently and responsibly their consumption by individual or collective control systems. In this study, three smart plugs are described and one of them tested on typical household appliances. This article proposes to collect the data from the wireless technology and to extract some smart data for energy management system. This smart data is to quantify for three kinds of load: intermittent load, phantom load and continuous load. Phantom load is a waste power that is one of unnoticed power of each appliance while connected or disconnected to the main. Intermittent load and continuous load take in to consideration the power and using time of home appliances. By analysing the classification of loads, this smart data will be provided to reduce the communication of wireless sensor network for energy management system.