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3D scans of two prototypes digitally fabricated using automated robotic concrete spraying. Computed deviation of the thickness achieved compared to that which was designed is included.

Input data set for OPHELIA optimisation model investigating optimal heat decarbonization pathways through electrification for net zero economy in Great Britain. 

The global restoration agenda can help solve the biodiversity extinction crisis by regenerating biodiversity-rich ecosystems, maximising conservation benefits using natural regeneration. Yet, conservation is rarely the core objective of restoration, and biodiversity is often neglected in restoration projects targeted towards carbon sequestration or enhancing ecosystem services for improved local livelihoods. Here, we synthesise evidence to show that promoting biodiversity in restoration planning and delivery is integral to delivering other long-term restoration aims, such as carbon sequestration, timber production, enhanced local farm yields, reduced soil erosion, recovered hydrological services and improved human health. For each of these restoration goals, biodiversity must be a keystone objective to the entire process. Biodiversity integration requires improved evidence and action, delivered via a socio-ecological process operating at landscape scales and backed by supportive regulations and finance. Conceiving restoration and biodiversity conservation as synergistic, mutually reinforcing partners is critical for humanity's bids to tackle the global crises of climate change, land degradation and biodiversity extinction.

This dataset includes all the data used in order to develop a 3D printing method for liquid crystalline hydroxypropyl cellulose. These include images of samples presented as well as spectral and measurement data. Spectral data are presented in matlab files (.mat), and each entry in the file includes all the data required to construct one spectrum, including raw data, reference, and background measurements. Proton NMR data are presented as both text files (.txt) for easy interpretation and native Topspin folders. The text files represent NMR data that has been Fourier transformed, phase and baseline corrected while the Topspin folders include the raw data as well as the configurations for the NMR measurements.

Research data supporting the full paper entitled "Snail shell derived magnetic nanocatalysts for biodiesel production: Process optimization through response surface methodology, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies" by S. Ao et al. in Biomass and Bioenergy. A heterogeneous biomass-based catalyst based on CaO derived from snail shells and magnetite nanoparticles was used and recycled in the generation of biodiesel from Soybean oil. The following supporting data that characterizes the fresh and recycled catalyst and also the product(s) of biodiesel formation are deposited here: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data from a PANalytical X’Pert Pro diffractometer. Cu Kα radiation was used over 2theta = 10-60°, and with 40 kV and 100 mA as functional voltage and current, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analyses in the range 400–4000 cm-1 from a Bruker 3000 HYPERION FT-IR spectrometer. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) from a TG/DTA (Netzsch Geratebau GMBH, model no. STA 409) under air flow of 1.5 bar and 2 L h-1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, acquired at 5kV and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data and maps acquired at 10kV on a TESCAN MIRA3 FEG-SEM equipped with an Oxford Instruments X-maxN 80 EDS detector. Prior to SEM-EDS, samples were sputter coated with 10 nm of Pt using a Quorum Technologies Q150T ES coater. Elemental composition from an Elementar Vari EL Cube (Germany). A Quantachrome® ASiQwin™ instrument was used for analysis by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and pore volume analyser at 77 K through N2 adsorption-desorption processes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) examination using an ESCALAB Xi+ system with a micro-focused dual-anode Al/Mg K source. Temperature-programmed desorption using a flow of helium (100 cm3 min-1) whilst heating the samples to 50 °C at a rate of 5 °C min-1. A stream of CO2 was permitted to flow over the sample after 30 minutes at this temperature. Physisorbed species were removed from the sample by passing it through a flow of helium for one hour at a rate of 100 cm3 min-1. The desorption of NH3 and CO2 was measured with a flow of helium gas at 900 °C and a temperature ramp-rate of 10 °C min-1. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and C, H, N elemental analyses using a Thermo Scientific iCAP 7400 ICP-OES spectrometer and an Exeter analytical CE 440 elemental analyser (975 °C), respectively. Vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) data obtained from a Lake Shore 7410 series instrument. The magnetometer was calibrated using a nickel reference sphere. A 1.5 Tesla applied field maximum was used for the tests. 1H and {1H}13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) data from a 600 MHz JEOL ECZR series instrument at 28 °C. Signals were internally referenced against tetramethylsilane. GC (Gas chromatography) data from an Agilent 7890 GC operating in head space injector mode and with a CPSIL 8CB capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) employed a GC-FID detector. The oven temperature was initially 55 °C and was increased with a rate of 10 °C min-1 up to 230 °C. The temperature of the detector and the injector were 300 °C and 250 °C respectively. For quantitative analysis of the products, methanol (GC/MS grade) was used as an internal standard.

AbstractSolar fuels offer a promising approach to provide sustainable fuels by harnessing sunlight1,2. Following a decade of advancement, Cu2O photocathodes are capable of delivering a performance comparable to that of photoelectrodes with established photovoltaic materials3–5. However, considerable bulk charge carrier recombination that is poorly understood still limits further advances in performance6. Here we demonstrate performance of Cu2O photocathodes beyond the state-of-the-art by exploiting a new conceptual understanding of carrier recombination and transport in single-crystal Cu2O thin films. Using ambient liquid-phase epitaxy, we present a new method to grow single-crystal Cu2O samples with three crystal orientations. Broadband femtosecond transient reflection spectroscopy measurements were used to quantify anisotropic optoelectronic properties, through which the carrier mobility along the [111] direction was found to be an order of magnitude higher than those along other orientations. Driven by these findings, we developed a polycrystalline Cu2O photocathode with an extraordinarily pure (111) orientation and (111) terminating facets using a simple and low-cost method, which delivers 7 mA cm−2 current density (more than 70% improvement compared to that of state-of-the-art electrodeposited devices) at 0.5 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode under air mass 1.5 G illumination, and stable operation over at least 120 h.

This is the data set associated with the journal article titled 'A Computationally Efficient Framework for Modelling Energy Consumption of ICE and Electric Vehicles'. The data files are in MATLAB file format. Figure 4 was generated using the vehicle speed profiles of an electric bus (EB) when it operated in London and of the EB's baseline simulation model, and using the state of charge (SOC) profiles of the EB when it operated in London and of the EB's baseline simulation model. Figure 5 was generated using the electricity consumption of the EB's baseline simulation model and of the EB's computationally efficient model for different drive cycles. It shows how the proposed computationally efficient model's electricity consumption compares with that of the baseline model. Figure 6 was generated using the speed profiles of a diesel heavy goods vehicle (HGV) when it operated on-road and of the HGV's baseline simulation model, and using the fuel consumption profiles of the diesel HGV when it operated on-road and of the HGV's baseline simulation model. It also contains the road elevation profile. Figure 7 was generated using the fuel consumption values of the diesel HGV's baseline simulation model and of the HGV's computationally efficient model for different drive cycles. It shows how the proposed computationally efficient model's diesel consumption compares with that of the baseline model. All the files were generated using MATLAB software package from Mathworks.

The data set here accompany the related research article, showing the details of the measurement results. The opj. file contains the data for the figures presented in the article. The file can be opened by OriginLab. Figure 1 contains transient absorption spectra data of the lead sulfide QD films and the microscopic data of the OA sample. Figure 2 contains the mean square displacement kinetics results extracted from the transient absorption microscopic measurements, and the fitted parameters from the exciton transport kinetics. Figure 3 contains the results of photoluminescence quantum yield, the grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering, the fitted interdot distances, full width at half maximum, and their correlation with the exciton transport details. Figure 4 contains the mean square displacement kinetics of other types of QD films.

This repository contains the data related to the Data in Brief article titled: Bulk and critical material demand for selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system models. The data include the modeled mass of materials and their embodied emissions. A metadata file is also included to clarify the units, materials and scenario names.