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Systemic humanitarian, environmental, and socio-political problems are impeding current and future generations from meeting their very basic needs. The speed and scope of mainstream responses to the world’s most pressing problems are limited by agency failures and by the ‘rules of the game’. In this context, this research contributes to theory and practice by formulating and exploring the concept of Sustainability Hacking, a particularly advantageous change driver in situations where information is limited, resources are scarce, stakes are high, and decision-making is urgent. This research was conducted through 3 sequential stages. First, the researcher has systematically reviewed the literature on sociotechnical system change for sustainability. This review exposed and discussed 15 theoretical foundations that shape what changes are perceived as desirable and attainable, as well as how to navigate between all the coexisting pathways to drive positive change. By examining these foundations, it became possible to pinpoint opportunities for future contributions. Among them was the idea of investigating the meaning, characteristics and potential implications of Hacking as a change driver of sociotechnical systems. These were revealed in the 2nd research stage, after interviewing self-declared Hackers and cybersecurity experts to understand how they used the term and how they pursued their desired systemic changes. This stage provided the definition, as well as 9 dominant characteristics of System Hacking. The term refers to exploring unconventional solutions to a problem within sociotechnical systems. ‘Unconventional’ here means deviating from embedded institutions, i.e. the rules of the game in a society. Institutions represent sources of stability, coherence, and continuity of systems, while simultaneously shaping public expectations of what changes are viable and the heuristics of how they should be pursued. Differently from conventional approaches, system Hackers are not aiming at changing rules, neither are they passively complying with them. Instead, they work around the ‘rules of the game’ to accomplish ‘good-enough’ results promptly. The 3rd research stage consisted of investigating and working with Sustainability Hacks, i.e. System Hacks addressing pressing sustainability problems. This was performed through a combination of Action Research and Case Studies. Benefitting from a diverse database of 19 cases, the researcher conducted a cross-case analysis, which provided comprehensive observations on the 15 main similarities and 10 differences that constitute the key analytical variables of Sustainability Hacking. Furthermore, the analysis derived 5 Archetypes that can be used as frames of reference to provide guidance for practitioners evaluating possibilities of addressing pressing sustainability problems, as well as to support future academic contributions in this nascent field of research. Gates Cambridge

Large-scale energy storage systems typically withdraw electricity from the grid and transform it into another form for storage. When the grid is unable to meet demand, the process is reversed and the stored energy is transformed back into electricity. Instead of this traditional approach, the following thesis explores the concept of ‘generation-integrated energy storage’, in which a generator’s existing energy conversion pathway is used to store energy in an intermediate form. This has two benefits: (i) the hardware used for generation can be exploited to reduce storage costs and (ii) fewer energy transformations are required when compared to traditional ‘electricity-in-electricity-out’ forms of storage. This means a high effective (exergetic) round-trip efficiency can be achieved at low cost. Specifically, this thesis focuses on the integration of thermal energy storage with the feedwater heating system of steam plant. (In modern energy systems this is likely to be nuclear-powered.) In the proposed system, the plant’s electrical output is flexed whilst maintaining constant reactor power. During charge, the plant’s electrical power output is reduced below its normal full-capacity level, and during discharge, it exceeds this level. This approach provides the equivalent of an electricity storage system and facilitates the adoption of a load-following role for nuclear plant. By allowing the reactor to operate constantly at maximum power output, the system also avoids the economic constraints and practical problems of part-load operation, which currently favour the use of nuclear plant for baseload only. An important feature of the proposed system is that the wet steam turbine bleed flows automatically provide good thermal matching with the feedwater temperature profile. This means that heat can ultimately be transferred to and from sensible-heat thermal-storage media with high exergetic efficiency. Various options are discussed for the thermal stores, including pressurised water tanks, thermal oils, and packed beds. This thesis is focused on the engineering research and development of the feedheat- integrated energy storage system and how this technology would be valuable in a modern energy system. The following contributions have been made: (i) Thermodynamic analysis – Detailed thermodynamic analysis is presented for an elec- tricity storage system in which thermal stores are integrated with the feedwater heating system of steam plant. The findings indicate that a round-trip efficiency greater than 80% is likely and that the plant’s power output can be varied between 85–113%. The analysis is also extended for heat cogeneration applications, for which the effective COP is estimated to be approximately 8 for modern district heating and 4 for industrial process heat. (ii) Off-design steam plant operation – A detailed off-design steam plant model is created. It is shown that the plant performs sufficiently well when operated off-design, and is able to efficiently transfer work to heat and then heat back to work. (iii) Capital cost estimation – A comprehensive cost analysis of the proposed system is undertaken, with an emphasis on the marginal cost of oversizing existing compo- nents. Costs for a well-designed system are approximately 250–1000 $/kWe and 15–20 $/kWhe. (iv) Thermo-economic optimisation – Parametric studies and a genetic algorithm optimisa- tion method are used to determine the optimal trade-off between efficiency and cost, and inform best design practices. (v) Steam turbine operation – A streamline equilibrium throughflow method is used to numerically validate Stodola’s ellipse law, and to explore the unusual off-design conditions caused by the storage system. Throughout this thesis, these contributions are routinely placed in the context of the modern energy system. It is demonstrated that integrated systems which perform multiple roles – electricity generation, energy storage, and possibly heat cogeneration – will be highly valuable for the transition to a low-cost, secure, and decarbonised energy system.

Energy consumption, depletion of natural resources and human induced natural disasters have all conspired to raise the profile of "sustainability", particularly environmental sustainability. The topic is now high on many nations and organizations lists of priorities and central for media attention. Despite the critical importance of such issues it is evident that management thinking often still adopts neoclassical economic views of accounting for and managing environmental sustainability. In this paper, we propose an alternative perspective to managing environmental sustainability based on a broadened model (BMSBM) which not only considers the biosphere in the broad sense but also people as fundamental elements that contribute to the conservation and improvement (or destruction) of the natural environment.

ResumenEl entrenamiento con cargas es una actividad anaeróbica glucolítica intensa y se ha comprobado que el error en las estimaciones del gasto energético en esta actividad varía entre un 13 y un 30%. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es describir la contribución anaeróbica de energía en un circuito con cargas. Doce hombres (20-26 años) y diecisiete mujeres (18-29 años) estudiantes de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte realizaron un entrenamiento en circuito de cargas a 6 intensidades diferentes (entre el 30% y 80% de su 15RM). Durante la totalidad de los circuitos se registró el gasto energético aeróbico por calorimetría indirecta, la frecuencia cardiaca con pulsómetro Polar® y la concentración de lactato en sangre capilar para medir la contribución anaeróbica. El incremento que produjo la energía anaeróbica se situó entre el 5,1% y un máximo del 13,5%, lo que hace evidente que medir o no la contribución anaeróbica en el entrenamiento en circuito puede provocar un error medio del 9,65%. Existen diferencias significativas (PAbstractResistance training is an intense anaerobic glycolytic activity and has been shown that estimates of energy expenditure in this activity turn out into an error that varies between 13 and 30%. The main aim of this paper is to describe the anaerobic energy contribution in circuit weight training. Twelve men (20-26 years) and seventeen women (18-29 years) students in Science of Physical Activity and Sport performed circuit training at six different intensities (between 30% and 80% of 15RM). During all the circuits aerobic energy expenditure was registered by indirect calorimetry, heart rate with Polar® monitors and lactate concentration in capillary blood to measure the anaerobic contribution. The increased due to anaerobic energy was between 5,1% and a maximum of 13,5%, which clearly means that to measure or not the anaerobic contribution in circuit training can lead to an average error of 9,65%. There are significant differences (P

48 p.: ill.; 22 cm ; Alumni magazine of Saint Mary's University, Halifax, N.S., Spring, 2011.

This study explores the current landscape of entomophagy in Canada from gauging Canadians' acceptance of insect consumption to investigating how behavioural change strategies can encourage regular insect consumption. The research comprises a comprehensive literature review to expand our knowledge of global entomophagy practices, consumption barriers, and behavioural change; expert interviews to gain insights into the present state of entomophagy in North America; and an online survey to examine Canadians' consumption patterns. The outcome of this project is behavioural change strategies that encompass rebranding insects, fostering safe spaces, nurturing aspiration, leveraging media influence, and introducing targeted education. In essence, the study enhances our comprehension of the barriers to entomophagy adoption in Western countries and lays the groundwork for future research and initiatives aimed at promoting insects as a viable supplementary protein source. By promoting sustainable food practices, entomophagy can address global food system challenges such as hunger, food waste, and food insecurity, thereby contributing to a more sustainable future for all.

The repository software dream has been a team of dedicated, in-house developers who work within their institutions and the various OS communities, hand-crafting new functionality and sharing the code. The reality has always been more complicated and messy. For a variety of reasons, many institutions find themselves without expert repository developers, but still needing to have bespoke work carried out. And commercial service providers have stepped up with offers to bridge this gap. Increasingly, institutions are working with such service providers as their technical partners. For the institutions, it means that OS software remains a viable option even without an in-house technical team. But can commercial providers be invested in Open Source in the same way that in-house developers are? Do they contribute to the long-term stability, sustainability and accessibility of OS software and communities, or are they just taking the money? The panel will present a range of views from both commercial service providers, those who keep technical expertise in-house, and some who do a little of both. We expect the discussion to be lively, though-provoking and insightful, hopefully sparking further discussions in the community about how we might continue to sustain the OS community within repositories.

Bibliography: p. 103-104.

Organised by: Cranfield University Starting from the framework of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), sustainability should be provided by continuous sharing of information among the different product lifecycle phases. A PLM system provides lifecycle knowledge generated by PLM systems through product lifecycle activities. The paper aims at presenting how PLM systems represent a very important foundation for achieving a more sustainable paradigm for life, a more sustainable development, engineering, manufacturing, use and disposal of products. Mori Seiki – The Machine Tool Company

This essay explores the multifaceted implications of climate change on New Zealand's national security and international interests. By examining the interconnectedness of sustained Pacific partnerships, the emergence of environmental refugees, domestic environmental impacts, and global concerns related to resource scarcity, the paper addresses the evolving dynamics of national security and international interests in the face of climate change. The impacts of climate change are analysed using both global and New Zealand-specific perspectives. The essay delves into the contended concept of national security, emphasizing the need to redefine security parameters in the post-Cold War era. It also underscores the influence of multilateral organisations on New Zealand's national security strategies and its commitment to international interests, particularly in the Pacific region. As climate change disproportionately affects Pacific Island nations, the essay emphasises the moral and security implications for New Zealand, urging for a reevaluation of policies and strategic priorities. The potential influx of environmental migrants due to rising sea levels is examined, offering insights into legal and ethical considerations. The paper further explores the intersections of climate change with national security, discussing the environmental impacts on infrastructure, land, coastlines, and ocean life. It highlights the potential risks and vulnerabilities, including coastal erosion, agricultural challenges, and water scarcity, while examining how these issues can lead to conflicts on a global scale. Finally, the essay argues for a comprehensive approach to environmental management and policy, balancing New Zealand's humanitarian values with the pragmatic considerations of national security and international interests.