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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 AustraliaPublisher:MDPI AG Jingjing Liu; Hongwei Ge; Jiajie Li; Pengcheng He; Zhangang Hao; Michael Hitch;doi: 10.3390/en15197386
handle: 20.500.11937/89418
Sustainable public transport is an important factor to boost urban economic development, and it is also an important part of building a low-carbon environmental society. The application of driverless technology in public transport injects new impetus into its sustainable development. Road traffic sign recognition is the key technology of driverless public transport. It is particularly important to adopt innovative algorithms to optimize the accuracy of traffic sign recognition and build sustainable public transport. Therefore, this paper proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on k-means to optimize the accuracy of traffic sign recognition, and it proposes a sparse maximum CNN to identify difficult traffic signs through hierarchical classification. In the rough classification stage, k-means CNN is used to extract features, and improved support vector machine (SVM) is used for classification. Then, in the fine classification stage, sparse maximum CNN is used for classification. The research results show that the algorithm improves the accuracy of traffic sign recognition more comprehensively and effectively, and it can be effectively applied in unmanned driving technology, which will also bring new breakthroughs for the sustainable development of public transport.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7386/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteCurtin University: espaceArticle . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89418Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en15197386&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 2 citations 2 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7386/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteCurtin University: espaceArticle . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89418Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en15197386&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023Publisher:MDPI AG Funded by:EC | SMARTGYsumEC| SMARTGYsumMohammadreza Azizi; Oleksandr Husev; Oleksandr Veligorskyi; Saeed Rahimpour; Carlos Roncero-Clemente;doi: 10.3390/en16237747
DC microgrids, along with existing AC grids, are a future trend in energy distribution systems. At the same time, many related issues are still undefined and unsolved. In particular, uncertainty prevails in isolation requirements between AC grids and novel microgrids as well as in the grounding approaches. This paper presents a critical technical analysis and an overview of possible grounding approaches in DC systems and the feasibility of avoiding isolation between AC and DC grids.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16237747&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 6 citations 6 popularity Average influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16237747&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Journal , Other literature type 2021 NorwayPublisher:MDPI AG Authors: Hossein Moayedi; Amir Mosavi;doi: 10.3390/en14041196
handle: 11250/2832135
Proper management of solar energy as an effective renewable source is of high importance toward sustainable energy harvesting. This paper offers a novel sophisticated method for predicting solar irradiance (SIr) from environmental conditions. To this end, an efficient metaheuristic technique, namely electromagnetic field optimization (EFO), is employed for optimizing a neural network. This algorithm quickly mines a publicly available dataset for nonlinearly tuning the network parameters. To suggest an optimal configuration, five influential parameters of the EFO are optimized by an extensive trial and error practice. Analyzing the results showed that the proposed model can learn the SIr pattern and predict it for unseen conditions with high accuracy. Furthermore, it provided about 10% and 16% higher accuracy compared to two benchmark optimizers, namely shuffled complex evolution and shuffled frog leaping algorithm. Hence, the EFO-supervised neural network can be a promising tool for the early prediction of SIr in practice. The findings of this research may shed light on the use of advanced intelligent models for efficient energy development.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1196/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteOxford Brookes University: RADARArticle . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/e7af1655-ff35-40dc-ad21-9b4bb65c8c36/1/energies-14-01196.pdfData sources: Oxford Brookes University: RADAROxford Brookes University: RADAROther literature type . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford Brookes University: RADARadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14041196&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 36 citations 36 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1196/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteOxford Brookes University: RADARArticle . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/e7af1655-ff35-40dc-ad21-9b4bb65c8c36/1/energies-14-01196.pdfData sources: Oxford Brookes University: RADAROxford Brookes University: RADAROther literature type . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford Brookes University: RADARadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14041196&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Journal , Other literature type 2021Publisher:MDPI AG Stephan Oelker; Aljoscha Sander; Markus Kreutz; Abderrahim Ait-Alla; Michael Freitag;Weather conditions have a significant impact on the installation of offshore wind turbines. The rules for installation set clear limits. These limits are usually based on estimations of various experts and not on real assumptions and measurements on-site. When wind speeds and wave heights are too high, work cannot be carried out, and this leads to delays and additional costs. Therefore, we have carried out a measurement campaign during the installation of rotor blades to investigate to which extent the limits can be adjusted by using a tuned mass damper. The results from the measurement campaign—specifically empirically derived significant wave height limits—are used in a discrete event simulation. This study simulates delays resulting from weather conditions. Based on this, the total installation costs are considered. The results of the measurement campaign show that a safe installation with the use of a damper is possible at wave heights of up to 1.6 m. With the discrete event simulation, it is possible to prove that 17.9% can be saved for the costs of the installation vessel. In addition, the wind farm could be erected 32 days faster. Thus, it can be stated that the use of a tuned mass damper simplifies the installation from a technical point of view and is economical.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3778/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14133778&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3778/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14133778&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2024Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Bertha Lwakatare; Priyanka Vyavahare; Kedar Mehta; Wilfried Zörner;doi: 10.3390/en17235994
Sub-Saharan Africa, especially its rural areas, faces significant challenges in achieving universal electrification despite its abundant renewable energy resources. The region has the highest population without access to electricity, largely due to economic, infrastructural, and geographical barriers. Energy poverty is a critical issue that hinders sustainable development and exacerbates inequalities. Namibia’s sustainable energy policy aligns with the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7, which aims to provide affordable and reliable modern energy access for all. The policy emphasizes mini-grids and decentralized power systems as key strategies for rural electrification. However, despite increased deployment of mini-grids, these solutions often struggle with long-term sustainability. This research explores cost-effective electrification strategies through scenario-based modeling to reduce energy poverty and expand energy access in Namibia’s rural communities, focusing on the existing mini-grids in Tsumkwe and Gam. Using a comprehensive methodology that incorporates HOMER Pro for mini-grid capacity expansion and MS Excel for evaluating main-grid extensions, this study aims to identify the most feasible and economical electrification solutions. The analysis compares electricity supply, total net present cost, and the levelized cost of electricity across these systems. The findings will offer insights into addressing energy poverty in Namibia and provide recommendations for sustainable and scalable rural electrification across Sub-Saharan Africa.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en17235994&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en17235994&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2025Publisher:MDPI AG Joseph Kusi; Florian Empl; Ralf Müller; Stefan Pelz; Jens Poetsch; Gregor Sailer; Rainer Kirchhof; Nana Derkyi; Francis Attiogbe;doi: 10.3390/en18040947
This research aimed to evaluate the comparative biogas yields of waste (peels) of selected fibrous materials from the West African region: cassava, plantain, a mixture of cassava, plantain and yam. Three models: The Boyle model, the Modified Boyle’s model, and the Buswell and Müller’s model were used to determine the theoretical maximum biomethane potential (TBMP), while the Hohenheim Biogas Yield test (D-HBT) was used to undertake a batch test of anaerobic digestion. The samples were co-digested with digested sewage sludge (DSS) for 39 days, with an operating temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C. The study draws comparisons between the TBMPs and the experimental results, the experimental results of the different substrates, and the experimental results and figures reported in the literature. From the experimental results, plantain peels had the highest biogas yield (468 ± 72 mL/g oTS), followed by a mixture of yam, cassava and plantain peels (362 ± 31 mL/g oTS) and cassava peels obtained the least biogas yield (218 ± 19 mL/g oTS). TBMPS of 204.04, 209.03 and 217.45 CH4 mL/g oTS were obtained for plantain peels, a mixture of yam, cassava and plantain peels and cassava peels, respectively, evaluated using Boyle’s model. For all the samples, the TBMPS (205.56, 209.03 and 218.45 CH4 mL/g oTS, respectively) obtained using the Buswell and Mueller model were slightly higher than those obtained by both the Boyle and the modified Boyle’s model (163.23, 167.22 and 174.76 CH4 mL/g oTS, respectively). While the study result is sufficient to imply that generating biogas from fibrous waste materials in its mixture form is a valuable approach, it is not sufficient to conclude that the use of these waste materials in its naturally occurring mixture form has a technical added advantage in co-digestion over their individual potential. However, future studies could explore this possibility with different fractions of the mixture with a view to optimising generation. The study finds that theoretically modelling the biogas potential of fibrous materials is a good method for biogas evaluation despite having overestimation tendencies, as this challenge could be corrected by applying factors that result in these tendencies, biodegradability indices. The data can, therefore, find use in fibrous waste treatment and waste-to-energy technologies, especially in Africa. This application will not be negatively affected by whether single waste streams are used or their mixture.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en18040947&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en18040947&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2025Publisher:MDPI AG Nargessadat Emami; Reza Fazeli; Til Seth Tzschockel; Kevin Joseph Dillman; Jukka Heinonen;doi: 10.3390/en18061325
Green hydrogen is a promising energy carrier for the decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors and supporting renewable energy integration, aligning with carbon neutrality goals like the European Green Deal. Iceland’s abundant renewable energy and decarbonized electricity system position it as a strong candidate for green hydrogen production. Despite early initiatives, its hydrogen economy has yet to significantly expand. This study evaluated Iceland’s hydrogen development through stakeholder interviews and a techno-economic analysis of alkaline and PEM electrolyzers. Stakeholders were driven by decarbonization goals, economic opportunities, and energy security but faced technological, economic, and governance challenges. Recommendations include building stakeholder confidence, financial incentives, and creating hydrogen-based chemicals to boost demand. Currently, alkaline electrolyzers are more cost-effective (EUR 1.5–2.8/kg) than PEMs (EUR 2.1–3.6/kg), though the future costs for both could drop below EUR 1.5/kg. Iceland’s low electricity costs and high electrolyzer capacity provide a competitive edge. However, this advantage may shrink as solar and wind costs decline globally, particularly in regions like Australia. This work’s findings emphasize the need for strategic planning to sustain competitiveness and offer transferable insights for other regions introducing hydrogen into ecosystems lacking infrastructure.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en18061325&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en18061325&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023Publisher:MDPI AG Ruslans Smigins; Karlis Amatnieks; Aivars Birkavs; Krzysztof Górski; Sviatoslav Kryshtopa;doi: 10.3390/en16247955
Nowadays, a car’s engine oil change interval is an essential factor in reducing wear. The correct choice depends on various factors. This study analyzes the changes in the composition of three different engine oils (0W30, 5W30, and 5W40) during the generally accepted oil change interval (15,000 km) in gasoline and diesel cars during the post-warranty period. Commercially available low-level biofuel blends (B7 and E10) were used to power test vehicles in a field test. Engine oil samples were taken every 3000 km for more detailed analysis and tested in an accredited laboratory. The contaminants in the engine oil were determined using several testing methods: spectrometric analysis, gas chromatography, etc. Studies have shown that all used cars have an increase in the number of iron particles, an increased concentration of silicon, and also an increase in the number of nickel particles above 12,000 km. Tests also showed a sharp drop of molybdenum anti-friction additives 4.5 times and a gradual increase in fuel concentration for the Opel Insignia over 12,000 km, but over 9000 km, a significant increase in the concentration of chromium particles. Based on this research results, it is preferable to choose a maintenance interval of no more than 12,000 km for cars during the post-warranty period. In this way, the intensity of engine wear can be reduced due to the loss of adequate protective properties of the engine oil.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16247955&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16247955&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2016Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Mingming Zhao; Jinchen Ji;doi: 10.3390/en9020110
This paper studies the dynamic response of a wind turbine gearbox under different excitation conditions. The proposed 4 degree-of-freedom (DOF) dynamic model takes into account the key factors such as the time-varying mesh stiffness, bearing stiffness, damping, static transmission error and gear backlash. Both the external excitation due to wind and the internal excitation due to the static transmission error are included to represent the gearbox excitation conditions. With the help of the time history and frequency spectrum, the dynamic responses of wind turbine gearbox components are investigated by using the numerical integration method. This paper explains under which conditions the fretting corrosion, as one of the wind turbine gearbox failure modes, may occur. Furthermore, it is observed that the external excitation fluctuation has large influence on the dynamic responses of both the gears and bearings.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2016License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/2/110/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en9020110&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 35 citations 35 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2016License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/2/110/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en9020110&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2023 China (People's Republic of), Hong Kong, China (People's Republic of)Publisher:MDPI AG Yinquan Yu; Yue Pan; Qiping Chen; Yiming Hu; Jian Gao; Zhao Zhao; Shuangxia Niu; Shaowei Zhou;doi: 10.3390/en16041630
handle: 10397/105352
When a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is designed according to the traditional motor design theory, the performance of the motor is often challenging to achieve the desired goal, and further optimization of the motor design parameters is usually required. However, the motor is a strongly coupled, non-linear, multivariate complex system, and it is a challenge to optimize the motor by traditional optimization methods. It needs to rely on reliable surrogate models and optimization algorithms to improve the performance of the PMSM, which is one of the problematic aspects of motor optimization. Therefore, this paper proposes a strategy based on a combination of a high-precision combined surrogate model and the optimization method to optimize the stator and rotor structures of interior PMSM (IPMSM). First, the variables were classified into two layers with high and low sensitivity based on the comprehensive parameter sensitivity analysis. Then, Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) is used to obtain sample points for highly sensitive variables, and various methods are employed to construct surrogate models for variables. Each optimization target is based on the acquired sample points, from which the most accurate combined surrogate model is selected and combined with non-dominated ranking genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to find the best. After optimizing the high-sensitivity variables, a new finite element model (FEM) is built, and the Taguchi method is used to optimize the low-sensitivity variables. Finally, finite element analysis (FEA) was adopted to compare the performance of the initial model and the optimized ones of the IPMSM. The results showed that the performance of the optimized motor is improved to prove the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/1630/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteHong Kong Polytechnic University: PolyU Institutional Repository (PolyU IR)Article . 2024License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/105352Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16041630&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 5 citations 5 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/1630/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteHong Kong Polytechnic University: PolyU Institutional Repository (PolyU IR)Article . 2024License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/105352Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16041630&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 AustraliaPublisher:MDPI AG Jingjing Liu; Hongwei Ge; Jiajie Li; Pengcheng He; Zhangang Hao; Michael Hitch;doi: 10.3390/en15197386
handle: 20.500.11937/89418
Sustainable public transport is an important factor to boost urban economic development, and it is also an important part of building a low-carbon environmental society. The application of driverless technology in public transport injects new impetus into its sustainable development. Road traffic sign recognition is the key technology of driverless public transport. It is particularly important to adopt innovative algorithms to optimize the accuracy of traffic sign recognition and build sustainable public transport. Therefore, this paper proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on k-means to optimize the accuracy of traffic sign recognition, and it proposes a sparse maximum CNN to identify difficult traffic signs through hierarchical classification. In the rough classification stage, k-means CNN is used to extract features, and improved support vector machine (SVM) is used for classification. Then, in the fine classification stage, sparse maximum CNN is used for classification. The research results show that the algorithm improves the accuracy of traffic sign recognition more comprehensively and effectively, and it can be effectively applied in unmanned driving technology, which will also bring new breakthroughs for the sustainable development of public transport.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7386/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteCurtin University: espaceArticle . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89418Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en15197386&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 2 citations 2 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7386/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteCurtin University: espaceArticle . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89418Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en15197386&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023Publisher:MDPI AG Funded by:EC | SMARTGYsumEC| SMARTGYsumMohammadreza Azizi; Oleksandr Husev; Oleksandr Veligorskyi; Saeed Rahimpour; Carlos Roncero-Clemente;doi: 10.3390/en16237747
DC microgrids, along with existing AC grids, are a future trend in energy distribution systems. At the same time, many related issues are still undefined and unsolved. In particular, uncertainty prevails in isolation requirements between AC grids and novel microgrids as well as in the grounding approaches. This paper presents a critical technical analysis and an overview of possible grounding approaches in DC systems and the feasibility of avoiding isolation between AC and DC grids.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16237747&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 6 citations 6 popularity Average influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16237747&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Journal , Other literature type 2021 NorwayPublisher:MDPI AG Authors: Hossein Moayedi; Amir Mosavi;doi: 10.3390/en14041196
handle: 11250/2832135
Proper management of solar energy as an effective renewable source is of high importance toward sustainable energy harvesting. This paper offers a novel sophisticated method for predicting solar irradiance (SIr) from environmental conditions. To this end, an efficient metaheuristic technique, namely electromagnetic field optimization (EFO), is employed for optimizing a neural network. This algorithm quickly mines a publicly available dataset for nonlinearly tuning the network parameters. To suggest an optimal configuration, five influential parameters of the EFO are optimized by an extensive trial and error practice. Analyzing the results showed that the proposed model can learn the SIr pattern and predict it for unseen conditions with high accuracy. Furthermore, it provided about 10% and 16% higher accuracy compared to two benchmark optimizers, namely shuffled complex evolution and shuffled frog leaping algorithm. Hence, the EFO-supervised neural network can be a promising tool for the early prediction of SIr in practice. The findings of this research may shed light on the use of advanced intelligent models for efficient energy development.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1196/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteOxford Brookes University: RADARArticle . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/e7af1655-ff35-40dc-ad21-9b4bb65c8c36/1/energies-14-01196.pdfData sources: Oxford Brookes University: RADAROxford Brookes University: RADAROther literature type . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford Brookes University: RADARadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14041196&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 36 citations 36 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1196/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteOxford Brookes University: RADARArticle . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/e7af1655-ff35-40dc-ad21-9b4bb65c8c36/1/energies-14-01196.pdfData sources: Oxford Brookes University: RADAROxford Brookes University: RADAROther literature type . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Oxford Brookes University: RADARadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14041196&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Journal , Other literature type 2021Publisher:MDPI AG Stephan Oelker; Aljoscha Sander; Markus Kreutz; Abderrahim Ait-Alla; Michael Freitag;Weather conditions have a significant impact on the installation of offshore wind turbines. The rules for installation set clear limits. These limits are usually based on estimations of various experts and not on real assumptions and measurements on-site. When wind speeds and wave heights are too high, work cannot be carried out, and this leads to delays and additional costs. Therefore, we have carried out a measurement campaign during the installation of rotor blades to investigate to which extent the limits can be adjusted by using a tuned mass damper. The results from the measurement campaign—specifically empirically derived significant wave height limits—are used in a discrete event simulation. This study simulates delays resulting from weather conditions. Based on this, the total installation costs are considered. The results of the measurement campaign show that a safe installation with the use of a damper is possible at wave heights of up to 1.6 m. With the discrete event simulation, it is possible to prove that 17.9% can be saved for the costs of the installation vessel. In addition, the wind farm could be erected 32 days faster. Thus, it can be stated that the use of a tuned mass damper simplifies the installation from a technical point of view and is economical.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3778/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14133778&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3778/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14133778&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2024Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Bertha Lwakatare; Priyanka Vyavahare; Kedar Mehta; Wilfried Zörner;doi: 10.3390/en17235994
Sub-Saharan Africa, especially its rural areas, faces significant challenges in achieving universal electrification despite its abundant renewable energy resources. The region has the highest population without access to electricity, largely due to economic, infrastructural, and geographical barriers. Energy poverty is a critical issue that hinders sustainable development and exacerbates inequalities. Namibia’s sustainable energy policy aligns with the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7, which aims to provide affordable and reliable modern energy access for all. The policy emphasizes mini-grids and decentralized power systems as key strategies for rural electrification. However, despite increased deployment of mini-grids, these solutions often struggle with long-term sustainability. This research explores cost-effective electrification strategies through scenario-based modeling to reduce energy poverty and expand energy access in Namibia’s rural communities, focusing on the existing mini-grids in Tsumkwe and Gam. Using a comprehensive methodology that incorporates HOMER Pro for mini-grid capacity expansion and MS Excel for evaluating main-grid extensions, this study aims to identify the most feasible and economical electrification solutions. The analysis compares electricity supply, total net present cost, and the levelized cost of electricity across these systems. The findings will offer insights into addressing energy poverty in Namibia and provide recommendations for sustainable and scalable rural electrification across Sub-Saharan Africa.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en17235994&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en17235994&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2025Publisher:MDPI AG Joseph Kusi; Florian Empl; Ralf Müller; Stefan Pelz; Jens Poetsch; Gregor Sailer; Rainer Kirchhof; Nana Derkyi; Francis Attiogbe;doi: 10.3390/en18040947
This research aimed to evaluate the comparative biogas yields of waste (peels) of selected fibrous materials from the West African region: cassava, plantain, a mixture of cassava, plantain and yam. Three models: The Boyle model, the Modified Boyle’s model, and the Buswell and Müller’s model were used to determine the theoretical maximum biomethane potential (TBMP), while the Hohenheim Biogas Yield test (D-HBT) was used to undertake a batch test of anaerobic digestion. The samples were co-digested with digested sewage sludge (DSS) for 39 days, with an operating temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C. The study draws comparisons between the TBMPs and the experimental results, the experimental results of the different substrates, and the experimental results and figures reported in the literature. From the experimental results, plantain peels had the highest biogas yield (468 ± 72 mL/g oTS), followed by a mixture of yam, cassava and plantain peels (362 ± 31 mL/g oTS) and cassava peels obtained the least biogas yield (218 ± 19 mL/g oTS). TBMPS of 204.04, 209.03 and 217.45 CH4 mL/g oTS were obtained for plantain peels, a mixture of yam, cassava and plantain peels and cassava peels, respectively, evaluated using Boyle’s model. For all the samples, the TBMPS (205.56, 209.03 and 218.45 CH4 mL/g oTS, respectively) obtained using the Buswell and Mueller model were slightly higher than those obtained by both the Boyle and the modified Boyle’s model (163.23, 167.22 and 174.76 CH4 mL/g oTS, respectively). While the study result is sufficient to imply that generating biogas from fibrous waste materials in its mixture form is a valuable approach, it is not sufficient to conclude that the use of these waste materials in its naturally occurring mixture form has a technical added advantage in co-digestion over their individual potential. However, future studies could explore this possibility with different fractions of the mixture with a view to optimising generation. The study finds that theoretically modelling the biogas potential of fibrous materials is a good method for biogas evaluation despite having overestimation tendencies, as this challenge could be corrected by applying factors that result in these tendencies, biodegradability indices. The data can, therefore, find use in fibrous waste treatment and waste-to-energy technologies, especially in Africa. This application will not be negatively affected by whether single waste streams are used or their mixture.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en18040947&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en18040947&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2025Publisher:MDPI AG Nargessadat Emami; Reza Fazeli; Til Seth Tzschockel; Kevin Joseph Dillman; Jukka Heinonen;doi: 10.3390/en18061325
Green hydrogen is a promising energy carrier for the decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors and supporting renewable energy integration, aligning with carbon neutrality goals like the European Green Deal. Iceland’s abundant renewable energy and decarbonized electricity system position it as a strong candidate for green hydrogen production. Despite early initiatives, its hydrogen economy has yet to significantly expand. This study evaluated Iceland’s hydrogen development through stakeholder interviews and a techno-economic analysis of alkaline and PEM electrolyzers. Stakeholders were driven by decarbonization goals, economic opportunities, and energy security but faced technological, economic, and governance challenges. Recommendations include building stakeholder confidence, financial incentives, and creating hydrogen-based chemicals to boost demand. Currently, alkaline electrolyzers are more cost-effective (EUR 1.5–2.8/kg) than PEMs (EUR 2.1–3.6/kg), though the future costs for both could drop below EUR 1.5/kg. Iceland’s low electricity costs and high electrolyzer capacity provide a competitive edge. However, this advantage may shrink as solar and wind costs decline globally, particularly in regions like Australia. This work’s findings emphasize the need for strategic planning to sustain competitiveness and offer transferable insights for other regions introducing hydrogen into ecosystems lacking infrastructure.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en18061325&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en18061325&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023Publisher:MDPI AG Ruslans Smigins; Karlis Amatnieks; Aivars Birkavs; Krzysztof Górski; Sviatoslav Kryshtopa;doi: 10.3390/en16247955
Nowadays, a car’s engine oil change interval is an essential factor in reducing wear. The correct choice depends on various factors. This study analyzes the changes in the composition of three different engine oils (0W30, 5W30, and 5W40) during the generally accepted oil change interval (15,000 km) in gasoline and diesel cars during the post-warranty period. Commercially available low-level biofuel blends (B7 and E10) were used to power test vehicles in a field test. Engine oil samples were taken every 3000 km for more detailed analysis and tested in an accredited laboratory. The contaminants in the engine oil were determined using several testing methods: spectrometric analysis, gas chromatography, etc. Studies have shown that all used cars have an increase in the number of iron particles, an increased concentration of silicon, and also an increase in the number of nickel particles above 12,000 km. Tests also showed a sharp drop of molybdenum anti-friction additives 4.5 times and a gradual increase in fuel concentration for the Opel Insignia over 12,000 km, but over 9000 km, a significant increase in the concentration of chromium particles. Based on this research results, it is preferable to choose a maintenance interval of no more than 12,000 km for cars during the post-warranty period. In this way, the intensity of engine wear can be reduced due to the loss of adequate protective properties of the engine oil.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16247955&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16247955&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2016Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Mingming Zhao; Jinchen Ji;doi: 10.3390/en9020110
This paper studies the dynamic response of a wind turbine gearbox under different excitation conditions. The proposed 4 degree-of-freedom (DOF) dynamic model takes into account the key factors such as the time-varying mesh stiffness, bearing stiffness, damping, static transmission error and gear backlash. Both the external excitation due to wind and the internal excitation due to the static transmission error are included to represent the gearbox excitation conditions. With the help of the time history and frequency spectrum, the dynamic responses of wind turbine gearbox components are investigated by using the numerical integration method. This paper explains under which conditions the fretting corrosion, as one of the wind turbine gearbox failure modes, may occur. Furthermore, it is observed that the external excitation fluctuation has large influence on the dynamic responses of both the gears and bearings.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2016License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/2/110/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2016License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/2/110/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2023 China (People's Republic of), Hong Kong, China (People's Republic of)Publisher:MDPI AG Yinquan Yu; Yue Pan; Qiping Chen; Yiming Hu; Jian Gao; Zhao Zhao; Shuangxia Niu; Shaowei Zhou;doi: 10.3390/en16041630
handle: 10397/105352
When a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is designed according to the traditional motor design theory, the performance of the motor is often challenging to achieve the desired goal, and further optimization of the motor design parameters is usually required. However, the motor is a strongly coupled, non-linear, multivariate complex system, and it is a challenge to optimize the motor by traditional optimization methods. It needs to rely on reliable surrogate models and optimization algorithms to improve the performance of the PMSM, which is one of the problematic aspects of motor optimization. Therefore, this paper proposes a strategy based on a combination of a high-precision combined surrogate model and the optimization method to optimize the stator and rotor structures of interior PMSM (IPMSM). First, the variables were classified into two layers with high and low sensitivity based on the comprehensive parameter sensitivity analysis. Then, Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) is used to obtain sample points for highly sensitive variables, and various methods are employed to construct surrogate models for variables. Each optimization target is based on the acquired sample points, from which the most accurate combined surrogate model is selected and combined with non-dominated ranking genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to find the best. After optimizing the high-sensitivity variables, a new finite element model (FEM) is built, and the Taguchi method is used to optimize the low-sensitivity variables. Finally, finite element analysis (FEA) was adopted to compare the performance of the initial model and the optimized ones of the IPMSM. The results showed that the performance of the optimized motor is improved to prove the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/1630/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteHong Kong Polytechnic University: PolyU Institutional Repository (PolyU IR)Article . 2024License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/105352Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 5 citations 5 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/1630/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteHong Kong Polytechnic University: PolyU Institutional Repository (PolyU IR)Article . 2024License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/105352Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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