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Olive cultivation is an activity that has been present in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula since ancient times. The way in which agricultural activities take place in the olive farms is a reflects the relationship between society and nature. However, these relationships are complex and there is no single form of connection between society and nature, but rather a dependence on both the natural and socio-economic context in which they develop. The society-nature relationship is influenced, on the one hand, by the social and economic framework in which it operates and, on the other hand, by physical and biological processes that determine how the transformations of natural resources are carried out. Understanding these interactions has required the development of a conceptual framework based on the ontological foundation of critical realism. This has allowed the integration, from the point of view of the complexity and transdisciplinarity, of different theoretical approaches that are related to the ecological economics. The aim of this investigation was the analysis of interactions between energy, material and economic processes in the agricultural system of the olive grove that, on the one hand, are conditioned by the natural characteristics of the territory and, on the other hand, driven by the social institutions involved in its development. The hypothesis assumes that currently an incipient change of energy consumption pattern exits, and consists in reducing the intensity of energy and material consumption in the society-nature relationship. The design of a consistent methodological approach that combines methodologies in a pluralistic framework through a relational link has allowed the integration of positivist and hermeneutic analysis tools for the representation of reality in its various dimensions. The results have confirmed the existence of an emerging trend, although minor and limited to certain processes of modernization, by which increased consumption of fossil energy is stopped and replaced by the use of renewable energy, while increases in production are achieved.

The purpose of this report, firstly, is to deepen our understanding of the European food manufacturing firms, identifying what their main characteristics are in terms of size, profitability, sales volume, geographical distribution and their evolution in the last ten years. Secondly, this report aims to assess the environmental sustainability of European food manufacturing firms, and thirdly, to understand the scope of their international operations. Industries in the food manufacturing subsector transform livestock and agricultural products into products for intermediate or final consumption. The industry groups are distinguished by the raw materials (generally of animal or vegetable origin) processed into food products. The food products manufactured in these establishments are typically sold to wholesalers or retailers for distribution to consumers. As classified under North American Industry Classification System (NAICS 311), the Food Manufacturing sector, consists of nine subsectors. This publication has been funded by the project ECO2016-75909-P, PID2019-106725GB-I00, PID2019-107767GA-I00 to MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento/ Proyecto A-SEJ-291-UGR18.

The Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park is located in the axial zone of the Central Pyrenees. It is the highest aquifer in Western Europe and is a protected area of international importance. Water is a key element for geodiversity and biodiversity. In the framework of the PIRAGUA research project, within the INTERREG POCTEFA program, the Spanish Geological and Mining Institute has evaluated the effect of climate change on the water resources of the National Park. To this end, numerical models have been developed to estimate the recharge to the aquifer based on the most likely scenarios of climate change. The joint analysis of the available scientific data allows several conclusions to be drawn: The increase in temperature and the decrease in snow cover caused by climate change significantly affect the quantity and quality of water. Recharge to aquifers decreases, due to less snow cover and less infiltration of water from snowmelt, causing a lower flow in springs such as the Cola de Caballo, during low water. This insufficient flow increases the concentration of pollutants. It aggravates the effects on water quality in aquifers, which are highly vulnerable due to the rapid velocities and short transit times of groundwater. These results will make it possible to propose management and adaptation measures to minimize the effects of climate change in such an emblematic and unique natural area as the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park. The video aims to present the scientific results obtained from the project to the general public. To this end, the presentation has been approached from a pleasant and intelligible perspective, facilitating the understanding of the concepts and ideas presented, without needing to be an expert. To facilitate the dissemination of the informative video, it has been published, in Spanish with subtitled versions in French and English, on the YouTube channel of the Spanish Geological and Mining Institute (IGME-CSIC), which is publicly accessible. The video has also been publicized on the social networks of both IGME-CSIC and the PIRAGUA project partners. Due to its entertaining and informative content, the video has been selected and presented by the Ministry of Ecological Transition at the Spanish Pavilion of the 9th World Water Forum, which took place on 21-26 March 2022 in Senegal.