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Nearly three billion people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rely on polluting fuels, resulting in millions of avoidable deaths annually. Polluting fuels also emit short-lived climate forcers and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and grid-based electricity are scalable alternatives to polluting fuels but have raised climate and health concerns. Here, we compare emissions and climate impacts of a business-as-usual household cooking fuel trajectory to four large-scale transitions to gas and/or grid electricity in 77 LMICs. We account for upstream and end-use emissions from gas and electric cooking, assuming electrical grids evolve according to the 2022 World Energy Outlook’s “Stated Policies” Scenario. We input the emissions into a reduced-complexity climate model to estimate radiative forcing and temperature changes associated with each scenario. We find full transitions to LPG and/or electricity decrease emissions from both well-mixed GHG and short-lived climate forcers, resulting in a roughly 5 millikelvin global temperature reduction by 2040. Transitions to LPG and/or electricity also reduce annual emissions of PM2.5 by over 6 Mt (99%) by 2040, which would substantially lower health risks from Household Air Pollution. Primary input data was collected from the following sources: Baseline household fuel choices - WHO household energy database (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26036-x) End-use emissions - US EPA lifecycle assessment of household fuels (https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=339679&Lab=NRMRL&simplesearch=0&showcriteria=2&sortby=pubDate&timstype=Published+Report&datebeginpublishedpresented) Upstream emissions - Argonne National Labs GREET Model (https://greet.es.anl.gov/index.php) Current and future population estimates - UNECA (http://data.un.org/Explorer.aspx?d=EDATA) Input data was processed by defining household fuel choice scenarios, estimating national household fuel consumption based on these scenarios, and applying fuel-specific emission factors to create country-specific emission pathways. These emission pathways were input into the FaIR model (https://zenodo.org/record/5513022#.Yt_jfHbMLb0) which generated additional data for each scenario including time series of pollution concentrations, radiative forcing, and temperature changes. All data is provided in CSV format. Nothing proprietary is required. 

Miniaturization of electrochemical detection ofPseudomonas aeruginosaquorum sensing molecules at a liquid/liquid interface through facilitated proton transfer reactions.

The report “Effects of Air Temperature Modified by Vulnerability Factors” was prepared as a milestone by researchers in the EU Project EXHAUSTION*. This report summarises the evidence on the interactive effects of high air temperature and various vulnerability factors, including the environmental, socio-economic, and individual behavioral factors on heart- and lung-related deaths and diseases (cardiopulmonary mortality and morbidity) across Europe. The study was conducted at the city, small-area (e.g., municipalities), and individual level. The findings show a greater vulnerability to heat for people living in urban areas with dense population, high air pollution levels, low coverage of green spaces, as well as areas with low Gross Domestic Product. Moreover, people with chronic pre-existing diseases and the elderly were found to be at greater risk. The findings highlight the urgent need to improve the urban environment as well as the health status and living conditions in European cities to contrast the impacts of heat and future climate change. This report alerts stakeholders and policymakers that targeted climate change adaptation measures need to be considered to protect vulnerable population and thereby increase European resilience to climate change.

The ocean provides resources key to human health and well-being, including food, oxygen, livelihoods, blue spaces, and medicines. The global threat to these resources posed by accelerating ocean acidification is becoming increasingly evident as the world’s oceans absorb carbon dioxide emissions. While ocean acidification was initially perceived as a threat only to the marine realm, here we argue that it is also an emerging human health issue. Specifically, we explore how ocean acidification affects the quantity and quality of resources key to human health and well-being in the context of: (1) malnutrition and poisoning, (2) respiratory issues, (3) mental health impacts, and (4) development of medical resources. We explore mitigation and adaptation management strategies that can be implemented to strengthen the capacity of acidifying oceans to continue providing human health benefits. Importantly, we emphasize that the cost of such actions will be dependent upon the socioeconomic context; specifically, costs will likely be greater for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, exacerbating the current inequitable distribution of environmental and human health challenges. Given the scale of ocean acidification impacts on human health and well-being, recognizing and researching these complexities may allow the adaptation of management such that not only are the harms to human health reduced but the benefits enhanced.

La récente série thématique sur les prestataires proches de la communauté publiée dans cette revue rassemble 14 articles provenant de contextes variés et qui utilisent une gamme de méthodes de recherche. La série illustre clairement l'accent renouvelé et l'enthousiasme suscité par le potentiel des prestataires proches de la communauté (CTC) dans la réalisation de la couverture sanitaire universelle et le soutien aux objectifs de développement durable. Cet éditorial aborde les thèmes clés qui ont émergé de cet ensemble de documents riches et variés et réfléchit aux implications pour la programmation fondée sur des données probantes. Nous sommes à une étape critique dans l'élaboration des programmes et des politiques de la CCT, ce qui nécessite la création et la communication de nouvelles connaissances pour assurer la sécurité, la durabilité, la qualité et l'accessibilité des services, ainsi que leurs liens avec le système de santé au sens large et les communautés desservies par les CCT. La reciente serie temática sobre proveedores cercanos a la comunidad publicada en esta revista reúne 14 artículos de diversos contextos y que utilizan una variedad de métodos de investigación. La serie ilustra claramente el renovado énfasis y entusiasmo sobre el potencial de los proveedores cercanos a la comunidad (CTC) para lograr la cobertura universal de salud y apoyar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. Este editorial analiza los temas clave que han surgido de este rico y variado conjunto de documentos y reflexiona sobre las implicaciones para la programación basada en la evidencia. Estamos en una etapa crítica en el desarrollo de la programación y la política de CTC, que requiere la creación y comunicación de nuevos conocimientos para garantizar la seguridad, la sostenibilidad, la calidad y la accesibilidad de los servicios, y sus vínculos tanto con el sistema de salud en general como con las comunidades a las que sirven los CTC. The recent thematic series on close-to-community providers published in this journal brings together 14 papers from a variety of contexts and that use a range of research methods. The series clearly illustrates the renewed emphasis and excitement about the potential of close-to-community (CTC) providers in realising universal health coverage and supporting the sustainable development goals. This editorial discusses key themes that have emerged from this rich and varied set of papers and reflect on the implications for evidence-based programming. We are at a critical stage in the development of CTC programming and policy which requires the creation and communication of new knowledge to ensure the safety, sustainability, quality and accessibility of services, and their links with both the broader health system and the communities that CTCs serve. تجمع السلسلة المواضيعية الأخيرة حول مقدمي الخدمات المقربين من المجتمع المنشورة في هذه المجلة 14 ورقة بحثية من مجموعة متنوعة من السياقات والتي تستخدم مجموعة من أساليب البحث. توضح السلسلة بوضوح التركيز والإثارة المتجددين حول إمكانات مقدمي الخدمات المقربين من المجتمع (CTC) في تحقيق التغطية الصحية الشاملة ودعم أهداف التنمية المستدامة. تناقش هذه الافتتاحية الموضوعات الرئيسية التي انبثقت عن هذه المجموعة الغنية والمتنوعة من الأوراق وتعكس الآثار المترتبة على البرمجة القائمة على الأدلة. نحن في مرحلة حرجة من تطوير برامج وسياسة مكافحة الإرهاب التي تتطلب إنشاء ونقل معارف جديدة لضمان سلامة الخدمات واستدامتها وجودتها وإمكانية الوصول إليها، وروابطها مع كل من النظام الصحي الأوسع والمجتمعات التي تخدمها مراكز مكافحة الإرهاب.

L'interface entre deux solutions d'électrolyte immiscibles (ITIES) est idéale pour détecter les ions rédox inactifs par leur transfert d'ions. Une telle électroanalyse, basée sur l'équation de Nernst-Donnan, a été principalement réalisée à l'aide de l'ampérométrie, de la voltammétrie cyclique ou de la voltammétrie différentielle par impulsions. Ici, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode électroanalytique basée sur la voltampérométrie à courant alternatif (CA) avec des avantages inhérents par rapport aux approches traditionnelles telles que l'évitement de la compensation iR à rétroaction positive, un problème majeur pour les cellules électrochimiques liquides|liquides contenant des milieux organiques résistifs et des zones interfaciales dans la gamme cm2 et mm2. Un contexte théorique décrivant la génération du signal analytique est fourni et basé sur l'extraction de la composante qui dépend de l'impédance de Warburg de l'impédance totale. La détection quantitative d'une série de modèles de cations tétraalkylammonium rédox-inactifs est démontrée, avec des preuves fournies de l'adsorption transitoire de ces cations à l'interface au cours du transfert d'ions. Comme le transfert d'ions est limité par la diffusion, en modifiant la fréquence d'excitation de la tension pendant la voltamétrie alternative, l'intensité de la réponse faradique peut être améliorée aux basses fréquences (1 Hz) ou disparaître complètement aux fréquences plus élevées (99 Hz). Ce dernier produit un voltammogramme CA équivalent à une mesure « à blanc » en l'absence d'analyte et est idéal pour la soustraction de fond. Par conséquent, des opportunités majeures existent pour la détection sensible de l'analyte ionique lorsqu'une mesure « à blanc » en l'absence d'analyte est impossible. Cette approche est particulièrement utile pour déconvoluer les signaux liés aux réactions électrochimiques réversibles de ceux dus à des processus irréversibles, qui ne donnent pas de signaux CA. La interfaz entre dos soluciones de electrolitos inmiscibles (ITIES) es ideal para detectar iones inactivos redox por su transferencia de iones. Dicho electroanálisis, basado en la ecuación de Nernst-Donnan, se ha realizado predominantemente utilizando amperometría, voltametría cíclica o voltametría de pulso diferencial. Aquí, presentamos un nuevo método electroanalítico basado en la voltametría de corriente alterna (CA) con ventajas inherentes sobre los enfoques tradicionales, como evitar la compensación iR de retroalimentación positiva, un problema importante para las celdas electroquímicas líquido|líquido que contienen medios orgánicos resistivos y áreas interfaciales en el rango de cm2 y mm2. Se proporciona un fondo teórico que describe la generación de la señal analítica y se basa en la extracción del componente que depende de la impedancia de Warburg de la impedancia total. Se demuestra la detección cuantitativa de una serie de cationes de tetraalquilamonio inactivos redox modelo, con evidencia proporcionada de la adsorción transitoria de estos cationes en la interfaz durante el curso de la transferencia de iones. Dado que la transferencia de iones está limitada por la difusión, al cambiar la frecuencia de excitación de voltaje durante la voltametría de CA, la intensidad de la respuesta faradaica puede mejorarse a bajas frecuencias (1 Hz) o desaparecer completamente a frecuencias más altas (99 Hz). Este último produce un voltamograma de CA equivalente a una medición "en blanco" en ausencia de analito y es ideal para la sustracción de fondo. Por lo tanto, existen grandes oportunidades para la detección sensible de analito iónico cuando una medición "en blanco" en ausencia de analito es imposible. Este enfoque es particularmente útil para deconvolucionar señales relacionadas con reacciones electroquímicas reversibles de las debidas a procesos irreversibles, que no dan señales de CA. The interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) is ideally suited to detect redox-inactive ions by their ion transfer. Such electroanalysis, based on the Nernst-Donnan equation, has been predominantly performed using amperometry, cyclic voltammetry, or differential pulse voltammetry. Here, we introduce a new electroanalytical method based on alternating-current (AC) voltammetry with inherent advantages over traditional approaches such as avoidance of positive feedback iR compensation, a major issue for liquid|liquid electrochemical cells containing resistive organic media and interfacial areas in the cm2 and mm2 range. A theoretical background outlining the generation of the analytical signal is provided and based on extracting the component that depends on the Warburg impedance from the total impedance. The quantitative detection of a series of model redox-inactive tetraalkylammonium cations is demonstrated, with evidence provided of the transient adsorption of these cations at the interface during the course of ion transfer. Since ion transfer is diffusion-limited, by changing the voltage excitation frequency during AC voltammetry, the intensity of the Faradaic response can be enhanced at low frequencies (1 Hz) or made to disappear completely at higher frequencies (99 Hz). The latter produces an AC voltammogram equivalent to a "blank" measurement in the absence of analyte and is ideal for background subtraction. Therefore, major opportunities exist for the sensitive detection of ionic analyte when a "blank" measurement in the absence of analyte is impossible. This approach is particularly useful to deconvolute signals related to reversible electrochemical reactions from those due to irreversible processes, which do not give AC signals. تعتبر الواجهة بين محلولين للكهارل غير قابلين للامتزاج (ITIES) مناسبة بشكل مثالي للكشف عن الأيونات غير النشطة للاختزال عن طريق نقل الأيونات. تم إجراء هذا التحليل الكهربائي، بناءً على معادلة نيرنست- دونان، في الغالب باستخدام قياس التيار الكهربائي أو قياس الجهد الدوري أو قياس الجهد التفاضلي للنبض التفاضلي. هنا، نقدم طريقة تحليلية كهربائية جديدة تعتمد على قياس الجهد الكهربائي للتيار المتردد (AC) مع مزايا متأصلة على الأساليب التقليدية مثل تجنب تعويض التفاعل الإيجابي iR، وهي مشكلة رئيسية للخلايا الكهروكيميائية السائلة|السائلة التي تحتوي على وسائط عضوية مقاومة ومناطق بينية في نطاق cm2 و mm2. يتم توفير خلفية نظرية تحدد توليد الإشارة التحليلية وتستند إلى استخراج المكون الذي يعتمد على معاوقة واربورغ من المعاوقة الكلية. يتم توضيح الكشف الكمي لسلسلة من كاتيونات رباعي ألكيل الأمونيوم غير النشطة في النموذج، مع تقديم دليل على الامتزاز العابر لهذه الكاتيونات في الواجهة أثناء نقل الأيونات. نظرًا لأن نقل الأيونات محدود الانتشار، عن طريق تغيير تردد استثارة الجهد أثناء قياس جهد التيار المتردد، يمكن تعزيز شدة استجابة الفرادايك عند الترددات المنخفضة (1 هرتز) أو جعلها تختفي تمامًا عند ترددات أعلى (99 هرتز). ينتج هذا الأخير مخطط جهد تيار متردد مكافئًا لقياس "فارغ" في حالة عدم وجود ناتج تحليلي وهو مثالي لطرح الخلفية. لذلك، توجد فرص كبيرة للكشف الحساس عن المحلل الأيوني عندما يكون القياس "الفارغ" في غياب المحلل مستحيلاً. هذا النهج مفيد بشكل خاص للإشارات غير الملتوية المتعلقة بالتفاعلات الكهروكيميائية القابلة للعكس من تلك الناتجة عن العمليات غير القابلة للعكس، والتي لا تعطي إشارات التيار المتردد.

In conjunction with the COVID-19 pandemic aftermath, Russian aggression on Ukraine has wide-ranging consequences for the EU, including high inflation, an immense energy cost increase, and a shortage of critical resources. All of these have pronounced effects on the sustainability and operations of research infrastructures (RIs), several of which face difficulties in providing continuous service. To address these topics, the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) has established a dedicated drafting group to look into the energy and supply challenges, also responding to a call by Competitiveness Council to do so. This report highlights the significant impact of the Russian aggression on Ukraine on the sustainability and operations of research infrastructures (RIs) in the EU. The energy crisis resulting from the Russian aggression poses a severe challenge to the RIs, predominantly analytical RIs, with energy-intensive RIs such as synchrotrons, computing centres, accelerator-driven particle sources, neutron facilities, research reactors, and lasers being the most affected. The shortage of critical resources and materials, such as some gases, rare isotopes, and permanent magnets, also presents a significant challenge to RIs, although they may not be a consequence of the war. The report presents recommendations to ESFRI, Member States, and the European Commission based on good practices from ESFRI member countries and the discussion within the drafting group to address these challenges and enhance the future resilience of RIs. The recommendations include allocating additional funds and energy price capping for the most energy-intensive RIs, developing response plans that include actions aimed at greening the operations of RIs, considering the needs of the RI communities in the activities linked to the Critical Raw Materials Regulation, and setting up specific measures to support the Ukrainian research community. The report emphasizes the importance of preparing for future crises, increasing the resilience and preparedness of European society to cope with any present and future crisis.