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  • Energy Research
  • 15. Life on land
  • 1. No poverty
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Juutilainen, Tero;

    Diplomityö on tehty UPM-Kymmene Oyj, Kaukaan tehtailla Lappeenrannassa. Integroidussa metsäteollisuudessa energiantuotanto koostuu yleensä sähkön- ja lämmöntuotannosta. Kaukaan tehtailla prosessien lämmöntarve saadaan katettua kokonaisuudessaan omalla tuotannolla, kun taas kulutetusta sähköstä ainoastaan puolet on tuotettu itse. Loput sähköntarpeesta joudutaan ostamaan ulkopuolelta. Tutkimuksen pääpaino on ollut selvittää, miten kustannukset ovat riippuvaisia energiantuotannosta erilaisissa käyttöolosuhteissa. Työn tuloksena on luotu tietokonepohjainen laskentamalli, jonka avulla Kaukaan tehtaiden energiantuotantoa voidaan ohjata taloudellisesti optimaalisimmalla tavalla kulloinkin vallitsevassa käyttötilanteessa. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa on analysoitu tehdasintegraatin lämmönkulutuksen seurannan mahdollisuuksia lämmönsiirtoverkon nykyisten mittausten perusteella. Työssä on kerrottu yleisesti metsäteollisuuden energiankulutuksesta Suomessa. Lisäksi on esitetty arvioita energiankulutuksen kehityksestä tulevaisuudessa sekä keinoja energiatehokkuuden parantamiseksi. Kaukaan tehtailla lämmönkulutuksen seurantaan käytettävät mittausmenetelmät ja -laitteet on esitelty virtausmittausten osalta sekä arvioitu nykyisten mittausten luotettavuutta ja riittävyyttä kokonaisvaltaisen lämpötaseen hallintaan. Kaukaan tehtaiden energiantuotantojärjestelmästä on luotu termodynaaminen malli, johon energiantuotannosta aiheutuneiden kustannusten laskenta perustuu. Energiantuotannon optimoinnilla pyritään määrittelemään tietyn tarkasteluhetken käyttötilanteessa taloudellisesti optimaalisin kattiloiden ajojärjestys. Tarkastelu on rajattu lämmöntuotannon lisäämisen osalta maakaasun käytön lisäämiseen ja höyryturbiinien ohitukseen. Sähkön ja maakaasun hinnan sekä ympäristön lämpötilan vaihtelujen vaikutusta optimaaliseen ajojärjestykseen on havainnollistettu esimerkkien avulla. This thesis has been made for UPM-Kymmene Plc, Kaukas in Lappeenranta. Energy production in integrated forest industry usually consists of heat and power. In Kaukas, the demand for heat is fully covered by their own production, whereas only half of the power consumed is self-generated. The other half is purchased from outside. The emphasis in the study has been on establishing the dependency between the energy production and costs in different operating conditions. As a result, a computer-based calculation model has been developed. The calculation model guides the planning of the energy production in Kaukas in the most cost-effective way. Also the possibility of monitoring the total heat consumption by using the existing instrumentation has been evaluated in the study. In the thesis, the present energy consumption of the Finnish forest industry has been intro-duced. Estimations for the future of the energy consumption and some possibilities of energy conservation have been presented as well. The methods and equipment of flow meas-urements, which are used for measuring the heat consumption in Kaukas, have been introduced. The reliability and adequacy of the existing instrumentation for indicating and controlling the total heat balance have been analyzed. A thermodynamic model of the Kaukas energy production system has been created. The cost calculations and optimization of the energy production are based on the thermodynamic model of the system. The objective of optimization is to determine the most cost-effective way of running the boilers in the operating conditions of a given moment. In optimization, increasing the use of natural gas and reducing the power generation have been outlined as the methods for increasing the heat production. At the end, the effects of varying the price of natural gas and electric power as well as the ambient temperature have been demonstrated.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    2005
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      2005
      Data sources: LUTPub
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vinokurov, Mihail; Hammo, Simo; Hupponen, Mari; Luoranen, Mika;

    Hanke tähtää Lappeenrannan julkisen rakennuskannan energiatehokkuuden ja kokonaistaloudellisuuden parantamiseen. Energiatehokkuutta ja kokonaistaloudellisuutta kunnallisessa rakentamisessa kannustavat mm. kansainvälisten ja kansallisten sopimusten energiansäästötavoitteet, sekä kuntien tiukka budjettitilanne. Hankkeen yhteydessä on laadittu arviointikriteeristö rakennusinvestoinneista vastaavien viranomaisten käyttöön, mikä helpottaa tunnistamaan energiatehokkaita, kokonaistaloudellisia sekä laadukasta sisäilmastoa tukevia rakennusinvestointien toteutuskäytäntöjä. Kriteeristö on suunniteltu erityisesti kasvatus- ja opetustarkoituksiin suunnattuja rakennuksia varten. Jotta kokonaistaloudellisuustavoitteet täyttyisivät, työssä käytettiin hyväksi elinkaariajattelutapaa. Kriteerit laadittiin rakennuksen kolmelle tavoitteiden toteutumisen kannalta merkittävälle elinkaaren vaiheelle, eli suunnittelu-, toteutus- ja käyttövaiheelle. Kriteeristö on laadittu kirjallisuuden ja ammattilaisten haastattelujen tarjoaman tiedon pohjalta. Laadittua kriteeristöä koekäytettiin Myllymäen päiväkoti -hankkeen yhteydessä, jotta voitaisiin tunnistaa kriteeristön kehitystarpeita. Koekäytön yhteydessä toteutettiin myös mielipidekysely, jonka avulla kerättiin kriteeristön kehitysehdotuksia rakennushankkeen eri osapuolilta. Koekäytön tarjoaman tiedon nojalla kriteeristöä jatkokehitettiin vastaamaan paremmin käytännön tarpeita. Koekäyttö kohdistui kohteen suunnitteluvaiheeseen. Hankkeessa saavutettiin asetetut tavoitteet. Voidaan kuitenkin todeta, että kriteeristön jatkokehittämistä on syytä jatkaa. Koekäytön ulottaminen toteutus ja käyttövaiheeseen on tärkeää. Kriteeristön käsittelyalueen laajentamiselle korjausrakentamiseen sekä alueellisen tarkastelutavan käyttöönotolle olisi myös tarvetta. The aim of this project is the creation of a tool to improve the energy efficiency, overall economy and indoor climate quality in the public building stock of Lappeenranta. The motivation to improve the energy and cost efficiency in public buildings related to inter alia the energy saving targets set by international and national agreements and the economic challenges of municipalities. In the frames of this project, a set of evaluation criteria was created to help the officials responsible for building investments to identify methods for the implementation of new construction projects that promote energy and cost efficiency as well as indoor climate quality. The primary targets of the criteria are educational buildings. Life-cycle approach was used in this work in terms to ensure overall economy targets. The criteria were created for three phases of buildings’ life-cycle that were identified to be important from the perspective of the set targets. These phases were the design phase, construction phase and operational phase. The creation of criteria was based on the information gained from literature, interviews of professionals and the trial phase of criteria. In terms to identify the functionality of criteria, they were exposed for trial at the building project of Myllymäki kindergarten in Lappeenranta. The trial focused on the design phase of the object. In addition, the survey was conducted in terms to receive feedback and development proposals on the criteria from different parties of the building project. By using the new experience gained from the trial phase, the criteria were further developed. The targets set for this projects were met. However, it should be mentioned that there is a need to continue the further development of the criteria in the future. In addition to the design phase, it is important to extend the trial to the construction and operational phases. The extension of the scope of criteria to renovation projects and the implementation of a regional approach would also be important development steps. Loppuraportti

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    LUTPub
    2014
    Data sources: LUTPub
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kärkkäinen, Petteri;

    Uusiutuvan energian osuutta maailman energiantuotannossa halutaan kasvattaa, ja yksi sopiva energialähde on tuulienergia. Tuuliturbiinien rakentaminen on Suomessa ollut kasvussa, mikä tarkoittaa, että turbiineja rakennetaan entistä enemmän sisämaahan metsäiseen maastoon. Tämä tuo haasteita turbiinien rakentamiselle ja valinnalle sekä tuotannon optimoinnille. Metsäinen maasto, tai mikä tahansa virtauksien tielle osuva este, hidastaa tuulen nopeutta ja aiheuttaa tuuleen turbulenssia. Tässä työssä analysoidaan metsäisessä maastossa mitatusta tuulidatasta tuuligradientin ja tuulen turbulenssin jaksottaisuutta ja tilastollisuutta. Turbulenssin osalta käytetään turbulenssin intensiteettiä. Jaksottaisuutta tarkastellaan vuorokauden ja vuodenajan mukaan. Tutkimusaineistona toimii Lappeenrannassa TuuliMuukon tuulipuistossa LiDAR-tutkalla (Light Detection And Ranging) mitattu tuulidata. Datan analysointiin käytetään Matlab-ohjelmaa. Analysoinnissa havaittiin tuuligradientilla ja turbulenssin intensiteetillä olevan vuorokausijaksottaisuutta. Tuuligradientti vaihtelee vuorokauden aikana siten, että se on pienempää päivän aikana ja suurempaa yön aikana. Turbulenssin intensiteetti vaihtelee päinvastaisesti. Tilastollisesti suurin osa tuuligradientin eksponenttiarvon arvoista on välillä 0,2-0,6. Tuuligradientin potenssiarvo vaihtelee vuodenajan mukaan hieman, ja pienimpänä potenssiarvo on lämpiminä kuukausina kuten toukokuussa. Graafisen tarkastelun perusteella tuuligradientti poikkeaa selvästi standardin mukaisesta arvosta ainakin maaliskuussa. Turbulenssin intensiteetin arvot jakautuvat välille 0,02-0,2, joista suurin osa on välillä 0,10-0,16. Turbulenssin intensiteetin jakaumien perusteella tuuliolosuhteet näyttävät olevan standardien mukaisia, pois lukien tarkastelluista kuukausista syyskuun jakauman, joka poikkesi standardin mukaisesta. There is a need to increase the share of renewable energy in the world’s energy production and one suitable energy source is wind energy. The construction of wind turbines in Finland has been growing, which means that the turbines are built more and more inland where the terrain is forested. This brings challenges for the construction, selection and optimization of production of the wind turbines. Forested terrain, or any other obstacle, slows down the wind and causes turbulence to the wind. This bachelor’s thesis analyzes the wind conditions’, wind shear and turbulence, periodicity and statisticality from wind data that has been measured in forested area. Turbulence intensity is chosen to represent turbulence. Periodicity is viewed from the point of diurnal and seasonal variation. The research material used is wind data measured in Lappeenranta in TuuliMuukko wind farm with a LiDAR-radar (Light Detection and Ranging). Matlab-software is used to analyze the data. The wind shear and turbulence intensity were observed to have periodicity in diurnal time interval. The wind shear varies such as it is smaller during day and bigger during night. The turbulence intensity varies the other way around. Statistically the biggest share of the wind shear exponent’s values are between 0.2 and 0.6. The wind shear exponent varies a little by the season and the smallest it is during the warmest months like in May. Based on graphical review, the wind shear diverges clearly from the standard value at least during March. The values of turbulence intensity divide between 0.02 and 0.2, and the greater part are between 0.10 and 0.16. Based on the distribution of the turbulence intensity, the wind conditions look to be in accordance with standards, excluding September’s distribution which diverged from the standard values.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    LUTPub
    2018
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      LUTPub
      2018
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3 Research products
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Juutilainen, Tero;

    Diplomityö on tehty UPM-Kymmene Oyj, Kaukaan tehtailla Lappeenrannassa. Integroidussa metsäteollisuudessa energiantuotanto koostuu yleensä sähkön- ja lämmöntuotannosta. Kaukaan tehtailla prosessien lämmöntarve saadaan katettua kokonaisuudessaan omalla tuotannolla, kun taas kulutetusta sähköstä ainoastaan puolet on tuotettu itse. Loput sähköntarpeesta joudutaan ostamaan ulkopuolelta. Tutkimuksen pääpaino on ollut selvittää, miten kustannukset ovat riippuvaisia energiantuotannosta erilaisissa käyttöolosuhteissa. Työn tuloksena on luotu tietokonepohjainen laskentamalli, jonka avulla Kaukaan tehtaiden energiantuotantoa voidaan ohjata taloudellisesti optimaalisimmalla tavalla kulloinkin vallitsevassa käyttötilanteessa. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa on analysoitu tehdasintegraatin lämmönkulutuksen seurannan mahdollisuuksia lämmönsiirtoverkon nykyisten mittausten perusteella. Työssä on kerrottu yleisesti metsäteollisuuden energiankulutuksesta Suomessa. Lisäksi on esitetty arvioita energiankulutuksen kehityksestä tulevaisuudessa sekä keinoja energiatehokkuuden parantamiseksi. Kaukaan tehtailla lämmönkulutuksen seurantaan käytettävät mittausmenetelmät ja -laitteet on esitelty virtausmittausten osalta sekä arvioitu nykyisten mittausten luotettavuutta ja riittävyyttä kokonaisvaltaisen lämpötaseen hallintaan. Kaukaan tehtaiden energiantuotantojärjestelmästä on luotu termodynaaminen malli, johon energiantuotannosta aiheutuneiden kustannusten laskenta perustuu. Energiantuotannon optimoinnilla pyritään määrittelemään tietyn tarkasteluhetken käyttötilanteessa taloudellisesti optimaalisin kattiloiden ajojärjestys. Tarkastelu on rajattu lämmöntuotannon lisäämisen osalta maakaasun käytön lisäämiseen ja höyryturbiinien ohitukseen. Sähkön ja maakaasun hinnan sekä ympäristön lämpötilan vaihtelujen vaikutusta optimaaliseen ajojärjestykseen on havainnollistettu esimerkkien avulla. This thesis has been made for UPM-Kymmene Plc, Kaukas in Lappeenranta. Energy production in integrated forest industry usually consists of heat and power. In Kaukas, the demand for heat is fully covered by their own production, whereas only half of the power consumed is self-generated. The other half is purchased from outside. The emphasis in the study has been on establishing the dependency between the energy production and costs in different operating conditions. As a result, a computer-based calculation model has been developed. The calculation model guides the planning of the energy production in Kaukas in the most cost-effective way. Also the possibility of monitoring the total heat consumption by using the existing instrumentation has been evaluated in the study. In the thesis, the present energy consumption of the Finnish forest industry has been intro-duced. Estimations for the future of the energy consumption and some possibilities of energy conservation have been presented as well. The methods and equipment of flow meas-urements, which are used for measuring the heat consumption in Kaukas, have been introduced. The reliability and adequacy of the existing instrumentation for indicating and controlling the total heat balance have been analyzed. A thermodynamic model of the Kaukas energy production system has been created. The cost calculations and optimization of the energy production are based on the thermodynamic model of the system. The objective of optimization is to determine the most cost-effective way of running the boilers in the operating conditions of a given moment. In optimization, increasing the use of natural gas and reducing the power generation have been outlined as the methods for increasing the heat production. At the end, the effects of varying the price of natural gas and electric power as well as the ambient temperature have been demonstrated.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    LUTPub
    2005
    Data sources: LUTPub
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    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      LUTPub
      2005
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vinokurov, Mihail; Hammo, Simo; Hupponen, Mari; Luoranen, Mika;

    Hanke tähtää Lappeenrannan julkisen rakennuskannan energiatehokkuuden ja kokonaistaloudellisuuden parantamiseen. Energiatehokkuutta ja kokonaistaloudellisuutta kunnallisessa rakentamisessa kannustavat mm. kansainvälisten ja kansallisten sopimusten energiansäästötavoitteet, sekä kuntien tiukka budjettitilanne. Hankkeen yhteydessä on laadittu arviointikriteeristö rakennusinvestoinneista vastaavien viranomaisten käyttöön, mikä helpottaa tunnistamaan energiatehokkaita, kokonaistaloudellisia sekä laadukasta sisäilmastoa tukevia rakennusinvestointien toteutuskäytäntöjä. Kriteeristö on suunniteltu erityisesti kasvatus- ja opetustarkoituksiin suunnattuja rakennuksia varten. Jotta kokonaistaloudellisuustavoitteet täyttyisivät, työssä käytettiin hyväksi elinkaariajattelutapaa. Kriteerit laadittiin rakennuksen kolmelle tavoitteiden toteutumisen kannalta merkittävälle elinkaaren vaiheelle, eli suunnittelu-, toteutus- ja käyttövaiheelle. Kriteeristö on laadittu kirjallisuuden ja ammattilaisten haastattelujen tarjoaman tiedon pohjalta. Laadittua kriteeristöä koekäytettiin Myllymäen päiväkoti -hankkeen yhteydessä, jotta voitaisiin tunnistaa kriteeristön kehitystarpeita. Koekäytön yhteydessä toteutettiin myös mielipidekysely, jonka avulla kerättiin kriteeristön kehitysehdotuksia rakennushankkeen eri osapuolilta. Koekäytön tarjoaman tiedon nojalla kriteeristöä jatkokehitettiin vastaamaan paremmin käytännön tarpeita. Koekäyttö kohdistui kohteen suunnitteluvaiheeseen. Hankkeessa saavutettiin asetetut tavoitteet. Voidaan kuitenkin todeta, että kriteeristön jatkokehittämistä on syytä jatkaa. Koekäytön ulottaminen toteutus ja käyttövaiheeseen on tärkeää. Kriteeristön käsittelyalueen laajentamiselle korjausrakentamiseen sekä alueellisen tarkastelutavan käyttöönotolle olisi myös tarvetta. The aim of this project is the creation of a tool to improve the energy efficiency, overall economy and indoor climate quality in the public building stock of Lappeenranta. The motivation to improve the energy and cost efficiency in public buildings related to inter alia the energy saving targets set by international and national agreements and the economic challenges of municipalities. In the frames of this project, a set of evaluation criteria was created to help the officials responsible for building investments to identify methods for the implementation of new construction projects that promote energy and cost efficiency as well as indoor climate quality. The primary targets of the criteria are educational buildings. Life-cycle approach was used in this work in terms to ensure overall economy targets. The criteria were created for three phases of buildings’ life-cycle that were identified to be important from the perspective of the set targets. These phases were the design phase, construction phase and operational phase. The creation of criteria was based on the information gained from literature, interviews of professionals and the trial phase of criteria. In terms to identify the functionality of criteria, they were exposed for trial at the building project of Myllymäki kindergarten in Lappeenranta. The trial focused on the design phase of the object. In addition, the survey was conducted in terms to receive feedback and development proposals on the criteria from different parties of the building project. By using the new experience gained from the trial phase, the criteria were further developed. The targets set for this projects were met. However, it should be mentioned that there is a need to continue the further development of the criteria in the future. In addition to the design phase, it is important to extend the trial to the construction and operational phases. The extension of the scope of criteria to renovation projects and the implementation of a regional approach would also be important development steps. Loppuraportti

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    LUTPub
    2014
    Data sources: LUTPub
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      LUTPub
      2014
      Data sources: LUTPub
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    Authors: Kärkkäinen, Petteri;

    Uusiutuvan energian osuutta maailman energiantuotannossa halutaan kasvattaa, ja yksi sopiva energialähde on tuulienergia. Tuuliturbiinien rakentaminen on Suomessa ollut kasvussa, mikä tarkoittaa, että turbiineja rakennetaan entistä enemmän sisämaahan metsäiseen maastoon. Tämä tuo haasteita turbiinien rakentamiselle ja valinnalle sekä tuotannon optimoinnille. Metsäinen maasto, tai mikä tahansa virtauksien tielle osuva este, hidastaa tuulen nopeutta ja aiheuttaa tuuleen turbulenssia. Tässä työssä analysoidaan metsäisessä maastossa mitatusta tuulidatasta tuuligradientin ja tuulen turbulenssin jaksottaisuutta ja tilastollisuutta. Turbulenssin osalta käytetään turbulenssin intensiteettiä. Jaksottaisuutta tarkastellaan vuorokauden ja vuodenajan mukaan. Tutkimusaineistona toimii Lappeenrannassa TuuliMuukon tuulipuistossa LiDAR-tutkalla (Light Detection And Ranging) mitattu tuulidata. Datan analysointiin käytetään Matlab-ohjelmaa. Analysoinnissa havaittiin tuuligradientilla ja turbulenssin intensiteetillä olevan vuorokausijaksottaisuutta. Tuuligradientti vaihtelee vuorokauden aikana siten, että se on pienempää päivän aikana ja suurempaa yön aikana. Turbulenssin intensiteetti vaihtelee päinvastaisesti. Tilastollisesti suurin osa tuuligradientin eksponenttiarvon arvoista on välillä 0,2-0,6. Tuuligradientin potenssiarvo vaihtelee vuodenajan mukaan hieman, ja pienimpänä potenssiarvo on lämpiminä kuukausina kuten toukokuussa. Graafisen tarkastelun perusteella tuuligradientti poikkeaa selvästi standardin mukaisesta arvosta ainakin maaliskuussa. Turbulenssin intensiteetin arvot jakautuvat välille 0,02-0,2, joista suurin osa on välillä 0,10-0,16. Turbulenssin intensiteetin jakaumien perusteella tuuliolosuhteet näyttävät olevan standardien mukaisia, pois lukien tarkastelluista kuukausista syyskuun jakauman, joka poikkesi standardin mukaisesta. There is a need to increase the share of renewable energy in the world’s energy production and one suitable energy source is wind energy. The construction of wind turbines in Finland has been growing, which means that the turbines are built more and more inland where the terrain is forested. This brings challenges for the construction, selection and optimization of production of the wind turbines. Forested terrain, or any other obstacle, slows down the wind and causes turbulence to the wind. This bachelor’s thesis analyzes the wind conditions’, wind shear and turbulence, periodicity and statisticality from wind data that has been measured in forested area. Turbulence intensity is chosen to represent turbulence. Periodicity is viewed from the point of diurnal and seasonal variation. The research material used is wind data measured in Lappeenranta in TuuliMuukko wind farm with a LiDAR-radar (Light Detection and Ranging). Matlab-software is used to analyze the data. The wind shear and turbulence intensity were observed to have periodicity in diurnal time interval. The wind shear varies such as it is smaller during day and bigger during night. The turbulence intensity varies the other way around. Statistically the biggest share of the wind shear exponent’s values are between 0.2 and 0.6. The wind shear exponent varies a little by the season and the smallest it is during the warmest months like in May. Based on graphical review, the wind shear diverges clearly from the standard value at least during March. The values of turbulence intensity divide between 0.02 and 0.2, and the greater part are between 0.10 and 0.16. Based on the distribution of the turbulence intensity, the wind conditions look to be in accordance with standards, excluding September’s distribution which diverged from the standard values.

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    LUTPub
    2018
    Data sources: LUTPub
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      LUTPub
      2018
      Data sources: LUTPub
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