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Multicasting is an important operation in software-defined wireless sensor networks (SDWSNs). In this operation, a group of nodes specified by their unique node identification numbers is supposed to receive the same multicast message at the approximately same time, if possible. These nodes are termed as multicast members or multicast destinations. They need not be physically close to one another to form a group. The present article proposes an energy-efficient scheduler exclusively for multicast operation in the SDWSN environment. Based on the advantages provided by underlying network architecture, a router can efficiently schedule multicast packets belonging to various multicast sessions. This promotes greenery in the network and significantly increases the packet delivery ratio. These claims are supported and justified by the experimental results presented in this paper. As far as the authors know, there is no multicast packet scheduler in the literature of wireless sensor networks or WSN. SDWSN is a more advanced version, and no multicast protocol has yet been proposed for these kinds of networks. Therefore, while designing the present fuzzy scheduler, we kept in mind all standard multicast protocols in the WSN environment.

Background and aimsApart from visual effects of daylight it has observed to elicit powerfulnon visual effects. It controls the circadian rhythm of hormone secretions and body temperaturewith implications for sleep/wake states, alertness, mood and behavior. In this study new metricscalled "Daylight Autonomy" and "Useful Daylight Illuminance" were calculated utilizing southfacing vertical illuminance values for industrial parks of Tehran province.MethodsMeasurement of south facing vertical values was carried out between 12 July and 1August 2007 in three measuring stations (Hamadan, Eshtehard and Kerman). Synchronicallycalculation of corresponding values was performed using method of Illuminating EngineeringSociety of North America (IESNA, 2000). Once a proper model was fitted between measured andcalculated values, prediction of south facing vertical illuminances was undertaken for 11 industrialparks of Tehran in a working year. Consequently metrics of "Daylight Authonomy" and "UsefulDaylight Illuminances" were estimated for an assumed workplace in industrial parks.ResultsMinimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of predicted values for total datafound to be 5, 88.32, 50.14 and 23.35 KLux respectively. Values of "Daylight Authonomy" and"Useful Daylight illuminances" were found to be 56% and 56%- 100% respectively.ConclusionThere is high potentiality for daylightv availability and energy conservation inindustrial parks. The maximum external illuminance was found 88 KLux for all industrial parks.This value could produce internal illuminace exceede 630 Klux which could not make glare anddiscomfort for occupants.