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Utilising the inherent elasticity of their flexible components, bending-active struc-tures can easily be produced from planar or linear components. Although the components and their fabrication can be very simple, the deformation behaviour is often complex and can result in complex structural geometries. Parametric tools allow modelling such geometries by including material properties and behaviour early on in the design process. While this can potentially lead to an entirely new structural and morphological design vocabulary, functional requirements often demand regularity and compatibility from the structure and its components. This paper presents an approach for the development of bending-active kit- of-parts systems. Consisting of regular sets of identical or compatible components, these systems generate apparent geometric complexity though very simple geometric patterns and component connectivity. The resulting structures are reconfigurable and can be adapted to multiple uses, locations and spatial requirements. Theoreti-cal insights are supported by two applied cases: reciprocal bending-active structures and kinetic curved-line folding structures. Both use the flexibility of their components to develop structural diversity through a simple geometric system. Illustrated by two built structures, these cases show how a well- integrated design that considers manufacturing and assembly can lead to an efficient construction process. Moreover, using reversible connections, the structures allow reuse and even reconfiguration.

Utilising the inherent elasticity of their flexible components, bending-active struc-tures can easily be produced from planar or linear components. Although the components and their fabrication can be very simple, the deformation behaviour is often complex and can result in complex structural geometries. Parametric tools allow modelling such geometries by including material properties and behaviour early on in the design process. While this can potentially lead to an entirely new structural and morphological design vocabulary, functional requirements often demand regularity and compatibility from the structure and its components. This paper presents an approach for the development of bending-active kit- of-parts systems. Consisting of regular sets of identical or compatible components, these systems generate apparent geometric complexity though very simple geometric patterns and component connectivity. The resulting structures are reconfigurable and can be adapted to multiple uses, locations and spatial requirements. Theoreti-cal insights are supported by two applied cases: reciprocal bending-active structures and kinetic curved-line folding structures. Both use the flexibility of their components to develop structural diversity through a simple geometric system. Illustrated by two built structures, these cases show how a well- integrated design that considers manufacturing and assembly can lead to an efficient construction process. Moreover, using reversible connections, the structures allow reuse and even reconfiguration.

The paper discusses the two decades after the Second World War, nuclear energy, electricity, folklore studies, the world's fair in 1958 and local and folklore museums

The paper discusses the two decades after the Second World War, nuclear energy, electricity, folklore studies, the world's fair in 1958 and local and folklore museums

As energy efficiency becomes one of the key points in the design of most of today's power hungry applications, new and energy efficient approaches and associated technologies find their way towards the customer. Electric double layer capacitors, also known as supercapacitors, are one of these new and interesting products creating new possibilities and solutions to some of today's questions concerning energy efficiency in certain applications. This paper will have a look at the implementation of supercapacitors as peak power unit and energy reservoir in personnel transport system applications, particularly elevator applications. Elevators were and still are built with an energy dissipating resistor to convert the electric braking energy into heat. In the present energy saving economy, this sounds as an inappropriate loss of energy requiring an alternative. Current research involves the use of supercapacitors in elevators to replace this energy dissipating resistor and store the energy in supercapacitors. Thesaved and stored energy can then be reused to power the elevator (e.g. smooth power peaks) or to send energy back to the main power net. This paper presents a basic simulation model along with comments on the supercapacitor pack dimensioning. A cost-benefit analysis, based on the rudimentary model and measurements, concludes the paper.

As energy efficiency becomes one of the key points in the design of most of today's power hungry applications, new and energy efficient approaches and associated technologies find their way towards the customer. Electric double layer capacitors, also known as supercapacitors, are one of these new and interesting products creating new possibilities and solutions to some of today's questions concerning energy efficiency in certain applications. This paper will have a look at the implementation of supercapacitors as peak power unit and energy reservoir in personnel transport system applications, particularly elevator applications. Elevators were and still are built with an energy dissipating resistor to convert the electric braking energy into heat. In the present energy saving economy, this sounds as an inappropriate loss of energy requiring an alternative. Current research involves the use of supercapacitors in elevators to replace this energy dissipating resistor and store the energy in supercapacitors. Thesaved and stored energy can then be reused to power the elevator (e.g. smooth power peaks) or to send energy back to the main power net. This paper presents a basic simulation model along with comments on the supercapacitor pack dimensioning. A cost-benefit analysis, based on the rudimentary model and measurements, concludes the paper.

A simple and fast, but sensitive TLD method for the measurement of energy and homogeneity of therapeutically used electron beams has been developed and tested. This method is based on the fact that when small thicknesses of high-Z absorbers such as lead are interposed in the high-energy electron beams, the transmitted radiation increases with the energy of the electron beams. Consequently, the ratio of readouts of TLDS held on the two sides of a lead plate varied sharply (by factor of 70) with a change in energy of the electron beam from 5 MeV to 18 MeV, offering a very sensitive method for the measurement of the energy of electron beams. By using the ratio of TL readouts of two types of TLD ribbon with widely different sensitivities, LiF TLD-700 ribbons on the upstream side and highly sensitive CaF2:Dy TLD-200 ribbons on the downstream side, an electron energy discrimination of better than +/- 0.1 MeV could be achieved. The homogeneity of the electron beam energy and the absorbed dose was measured by using a jig in which the TLDS were held in the desired array on both sides of a 4 mm thick lead plate. The method takes minimal beam time and makes it possible to carry out measurements for the audit of the quality of electron beams as well as for intercomparison of beams by mail.

A simple and fast, but sensitive TLD method for the measurement of energy and homogeneity of therapeutically used electron beams has been developed and tested. This method is based on the fact that when small thicknesses of high-Z absorbers such as lead are interposed in the high-energy electron beams, the transmitted radiation increases with the energy of the electron beams. Consequently, the ratio of readouts of TLDS held on the two sides of a lead plate varied sharply (by factor of 70) with a change in energy of the electron beam from 5 MeV to 18 MeV, offering a very sensitive method for the measurement of the energy of electron beams. By using the ratio of TL readouts of two types of TLD ribbon with widely different sensitivities, LiF TLD-700 ribbons on the upstream side and highly sensitive CaF2:Dy TLD-200 ribbons on the downstream side, an electron energy discrimination of better than +/- 0.1 MeV could be achieved. The homogeneity of the electron beam energy and the absorbed dose was measured by using a jig in which the TLDS were held in the desired array on both sides of a 4 mm thick lead plate. The method takes minimal beam time and makes it possible to carry out measurements for the audit of the quality of electron beams as well as for intercomparison of beams by mail.

AbstractWe describe the rational design of a new versatile family of bifunctional catalytic materials based on the combination of supported metal nanoparticles (Pd, Rh, Ru) and the superacid, perfluorinated Aquivion® PFSA polymer. The heterogeneous catalysts were tested in the multi‐step valorisation of representative plant derivatives to high‐added‐value chemicals. Particularly, the conversion of (+)‐citronellal to (‐)‐menthol and levulinic acid to γ‐valerolactone was achieved in one pot and in one stage in the water phase and shows full selectivity at a high conversion level under mild reaction conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the catalyst micro‐structure.