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Textiles release microfibers to the environment during production, use, and at end-of-life disposal. There is a potentially large and growing risk to the environment associated with microfiber pollution, which requires protection and sustainable development in the textile and fashion industry. To date, early-stage research efforts, perhaps the most important initial actions to explore more feasible and effective solutions, into microfiber pollution from the perspective of environmental sustainability have been fragmented. In this study, we discuss the sustainability of the textile and fashion industry for economic and social development. The potential sources of microfiber pollution are analyzed from the supply chain of the textile and fashion industry. Additionally, actionable solutions, including a shift in consumer behavior, retailer recycling programs, and government behavior in the development of a sustainable economy and environment protection for textile and fashion industry, are proposed. Finally, we conclude that there is no silver bullet solution to microfiber pollution until now, but a collaborative cross-sector group of related industries conducting comprehensive research to inform a multi-industry approach must form part of the answer.

Reducing ecological impact is a major challenge for today’s industry, particularly the rail industry, which is one of the most energy-intensive industries. Indeed, this industry faces two paradoxical needs: on the first hand, it must decrease its energy consumption, meeting both an environmental goal and a financial objective, and on the other hand, it must not only maintain but increase the circulation of train, thus allowing a larger part of the population to use the most ecological means of land transport. Reducing consumption requires a prediction model. The formalization of this model is complex, particularly when driver control is taken into account. The complexity of the model must be chosen carefully. The SNCF has a very sophisticated model with a large number of parameters that need to be evaluated. In this work, we consider a train dynamics model simplified to a non-linear differential longitudinal dynamics equation coupled to a power balance [1]. In this model it is possible to distinguish two types of inputs:the model parameters which will be calibrated and the environment variables (wind, driver’s control, etc.) which will change from one journey to another. In order to calibrate the model, we rely on a priori knowledge from SNCF experts who provide information on the values of the model parameters. We also have a set of measurements (time, speed, power consumption, control) taken on the same train, for different journeys on different tracks. The used methodology is Bayesian calibration [2], which makes it possible to use the two types of information available to us while injecting model errors to take account of our imperfect knowledge of the system. These errors are parameterized by hyper-parameters that should also be calibrated. It is then necessary to formalize the experts’ knowledge mathematically in order to create our prior distributions, and then to write a likelihood function that will allow us to take into account both the measurements and the model errors. Another difficulty is the lack of knowledge about driver control as the control isn’t measured. The control linked to each measurement must be determined and appears in our problem asfunctional hyper-parameters.REFERENCES:[1] Julien Nespoulous, Christian Soize, Christine Funfschilling, and Guillaume Perrin. Optimisation of train speed to limit energy consumption. Vehicle System Dynamics, 60(10):3540–3557, October 2022.[2] Christian Soize. Uncertainty quantification: An accelerated course with advanced applications in computational engineering. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, 2018.

A dedicated sample of Large Hadron Collider proton-proton collision data at centre-of-mass energy $ \sqrt{s} $ = 8 TeV is used to study inclusive single diffractive dissociation, pp → X p. The intact final-state proton is reconstructed in the ATLAS ALFA forward spectrometer, while charged particles from the dissociated system X are measured in the central detector components. The fiducial range of the measurement is −4.0 < log$_{10}$ξ < −1.6 and 0.016 < |t| < 0.43 GeV$^{2}$, where ξ is the proton fractional energy loss and t is the squared four-momentum transfer. The total cross section integrated across the fiducial range is 1.59 ± 0.13 mb. Cross sections are also measured differentially as functions of ξ, t, and ∆η, a variable that characterises the rapidity gap separating the proton and the system X . The data are consistent with an exponential t dependence, dσ/dt ∝ e$^{Bt}$ with slope parameter B = 7.65 ± 0.34 GeV$^{−2}$. Interpreted in the framework of triple Regge phenomenology, the ξ dependence leads to a pomeron intercept of α(0) = 1.07 ± 0.09.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

La place centrale des savoirs dans les choix d’action publique est remise en cause par la « mise en risque » de phénomènes climatiques et hydrologiques qui s’avèrent imprévisibles et irréversibles. C’est le cas du recul du trait de côte des falaises en Picardie. Longtemps basé sur une approche scientifique et technique dite de « recul moyen », l’État doit recomposer ses moyens d’action face à l’occurrence de risques extrêmes et brusques. Or, il ne s’agit pas seulement de changer de modalités dans l’approche technique, ni de promouvoir de nouveaux outils de prévention pour construire des stratégies de recomposition territoriale des littoraux. Le cas de l’effondrement de la falaise d’Ault illustre le besoin urgent d’intégrer dans l’action publique une pluralité de connaissances des effets du changement climatique, tant en termes de savoirs qui peuvent être alternatifs et scientifiques que de connaissances tirées de l’expérience sensible, personnelle ou esthétique. The central place of knowledge in public policy choices is being challenged by climate and hydrological phenomena that turn out to be unpredictable and irreversible. This is the case with the retreat of the coastline of the cliffs in Picardy. For a long time based on a scientific and technical approach known as “average retreat”, the national government now has to reconstitute its methods of action in the face of extreme and sudden risks. But it’s not just a question of changing the technical approach, or promoting new prevention tools to build strategies for reorganising coastal areas. The case of the collapse of the cliffs at Ault illustrates the urgent need to integrate multiple forms of knowledge about the effects of climate change into public action, both in terms of alternative and scientific knowledge and in terms of knowledge rooted in sensitive, personal, or aesthetic experience. International audience

Currently wind and solar are the most developed renewable energy systems. However, their intermittent energy production not always meets the energy demand generating surpluses of energy. Therefore, there is a need for an electricity storage system. One way to store this energy surplus is to transform it to methane, by means of the Power-to-Gas (PtG) concept. The PtG consists in using this electricity surplus to electrolyse water producing H2. Later, H2 is transformed to CH4, by the methanation reaction, which consist in transforming H2 and CO2 into CH4, by catalytic methods or biological methods. The biological methods are more environmentally friendly and cheaper than the catalytic methods. The generated CH4 could be injected to the gas grid or even use as vehicle fuel. Injecting the CH4 in the gas grid is also a way to store the surplus of electricity and broaden its use. Furthermore, the PtG concept can be coupled to the anaerobic digestion (AD) technology, in which a biogas composed by CH4 and CO2 is produced from organic waste. The AD is widespread technology used for treating organic waste. This process depends on the reactions carried-out by different microorganisms that work in a coordinated way in order to degrade the organic matter into biogas. However, the produced biogas is formed by 50%CH4 and 50%CO2, yet its energetic value depends on the CH4 proportion of the biogas. Thus, the higher the amount of CH4 in the biogas, the higher its energy content. The microorganisms producing the biogas in the AD are called methanogens and have the capacity to use H2 and CO2 to produce CH4. Therefore, H2 can be provided by PtG and injected into the anaerobic digesters, in which the methanogens can use it along with the CO2 to transform it to CH4, increasing the CH4 content of the biogas. This process is called in-situ biomethanation. However, the injection of H2 into an anaerobic digester can cause a disruption of the balance of the AD, inhibiting some microbial groups causing the accumulation of harmful molecules that can provoke the failure of the process. Nevertheless, successful in-situ biomethanation process are reported in the literature. The microbial community of the AD is diverse and can face perturbations as the injection of H2. Therefore, the response of the microbial community of the AD upon H2 addition has not been completely understand, yet. In order to optimise and scale-up the in-situ biomethanation process the understanding of the microbial processes occurring in the anaerobic digester after H2 addition is needed. Hence, the objective of this thesis was to improve the understanding of the microbial response to H2 addition during in-situ biomethanation. As principal results it has been observed that the capacity of using H2 by the methanogens was widespread among different microbial ecosystems found in anaerobic digesters. Therefore, the in-situ biomethanation process can be potentially used in any biogas plant in order to increase the methane content of the biogas. The efficient CH4 production was correlated to the amount of methanogens in the ecosystems. It was found that the H2 addition have caused a change of the microbial composition of the original community leading to a more specific community specialized in the consumption of H2. Hence, the microbial community is able to adapt to the H2 addition. Besides, this capacity of the microbial community to adapt to the addition of H2, make it possible for the community to be intermittently fed with H2, which fits with the PtG concept. This thesis has provided new insights regarding the microbial community response upon H2 addition. The obtained results have improved the understanding of the in-situ biomethanation process and will contribute to the future optimisation of this process La nécessité de réduire l'utilisation des énergies produisant des émissions de CO2 a accru la demande de développement de sources d'énergie durables et renouvelables. Actuellement, les biomasses éolienne et solaire sont les systèmes d'énergie renouvelable les plus développés. Cependant, leur production intermittente d'énergie ne répond pas toujours à la demande d'énergie, générant des surplus d'énergie. Ce surplus d'énergie doit être utilisé pour assurer le bon fonctionnement du réseau électrique, sinon il pourrait surcharger le réseau électrique et mettre en péril l'approvisionnement énergétique. Il est donc nécessaire de mettre en place un système de stockage de l'électricité. Une façon de stocker ce surplus d'énergie est de le transformer en méthane, grâce au concept de Power-to-Gas (PtG). Le PtG consiste à utiliser le surplus d'électricité produit par les centrales éoliennes ou solaires pour électrolyser l'eau produisant de l'H2. Ensuite, l'H2 est transformé en CH4, en utilisant la réaction de méthanation, qui consiste à transformer l'H2 et le CO2 en CH4, par des méthodes catalytiques ou biologiques. Les méthodes préférées sont les méthodes biologiques car elles sont plus respectueuses de l'environnement et moins coûteuses que les méthodes catalytiques. Une fois produit, le CH4 généré pourrait être injecté dans le réseau de gaz, pour une utilisation courante ou même comme carburant pour les véhicules. En outre, l'injection du CH4 dans le réseau de gaz est également un moyen de stocker le surplus d'électricité sous forme de méthane et d'en élargir son utilisation. De plus, le concept de PtG peut être couplé à la technologie de digestion anaérobie, dans laquelle un biogaz composé principalement de CH4 et de CO2 est produit à partir de déchets organiques. La technologie de digestion anaérobie est une technologie établie et répandue utilisée pour traiter plusieurs types de déchets organiques. Ce processus biologique dépend des réactions menées par différents microorganismes qui travaillent de manière coordonnée afin de dégrader la matière organique en biogaz. Cependant, le biogaz produit est constitué de 50% de CH4 et 50% de CO2, mais sa valeur énergétique dépend de la proportion de CH4 du biogaz. Ainsi, plus la quantité de CH4 dans le biogaz est élevée, plus sa valeur énergétique est importante. Le groupe de micro-organismes produisant le biogaz dans la digestion anaérobie sont appelés méthanogènes et ont la capacité d'utiliser H2 et CO2 pour produire du méthane. Par conséquent, l'H2 peut être fourni par le PtG et injecté dans les digesteurs anaérobies, dans lesquels les méthanogènes peuvent l'utiliser avec le CO2 produit par la digestion anaérobie, et le transformer en CH4, augmentant ainsi la teneur en méthane du biogaz. Ce processus est appelé biométhanation in-situ. Cependant, l'injection d'H2 dans un digesteur anaérobie peut provoquer une perturbation de l'équilibre de la digestion anaérobie, en inhibant certains groupes microbiens, ce qui entraîne l'accumulation de molécules nocives qui peuvent déclencher l'échec du processus. Néanmoins, des processus de biométhanation in-situ réussis sont rapportés dans la littérature.

Le BIO-UCF (Bio-Ultracarbofluide) est un produit ternaire composé de charbon végétal, d'eau et de fuel ou gazole. Cette étude présente la production de ce produit, comme carburant liquide de substitution des fuels et du gazole dans les brûleurs et les moteurs diesel. Les tests sont orientés vers la recherche des éléments suivants : production et broyage du charbon, procédé de formulation du mélange, atomisation, caractéristiques d'inflammation et de combustion du BIO-UCF

This article explores the transformative potential of note by note cuisine in addressing food waste. Symbolised by the Ugly Apple, this culinary creation serves as a representation of discarded produce and incorporates an apple crumble and vanilla ice cream. Leveraging note by note cuisine provides a sustainable solution to food waste by using pure compounds (such as NH pectin, agar agar, and xanthan gum used in this recipe) and circumventing resource-intensive cultivation practices. The Ugly Apple becomes a symbol of innovation and sustainability, offering insights into the intersection of culinary creativity and environmental responsibility.