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Materials and design 254, 114021 (2025). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114021 Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]

Applied energy 388, 125530 (2025). doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125530 Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]

Anion exchange membrane water electrolyser showing the chemical structure of hydroxyl-conductive 2D hBN-based anion exchange membrane (AEM). The developed AEMs exhibit high hydroxyl conductivity, superior mechanical and electrochemical stability.

The present study investigates the enhancement of latent heat capacity and thermal stability in hybrid nano-enhanced solid–solid phase change materials (SS-PCMs) using Neopentyl Glycol (NPG) as the base material. The key contribution of this work lies in incorporating copper oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles to optimize thermal performance and ensure long-term stability. CuO (1 wt.%) and TiO₂ (0.1, 0.3, 0.5,0.7 wt%) were introduced into the matrix, and the thermal properties were systematically evaluated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) before and after 500 thermal cycles. The optimal composition, consisting of 1 wt% CuO and 0.3 wt% TiO₂, demonstrated an initial latent heat capacity of 117 J/g, which increased to 123 J/g post-cycling, indicating exceptional thermal stability and phase retention. To further enhance predictive capabilities and reduce experimental costs, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed using the Keras API in Python to estimate thermal behaviour. The model achieved a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9479) and a low root-mean-square error (RMSE = 2.0307), underscoring its accuracy and reliability. These findings establish the efficacy of hybrid nanoparticle incorporation in improving SS-PCMs’ thermal properties and emphasise the viability of machine learning as a robust predictive tool, mitigating the time and economic constraints associated with extensive experimental investigations.

Scenarios to stabilize global climate and meet international climate agreements require rapid reductions in human carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, often augmented by substantial carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere. While some ocean-based removal techniques show potential promise as part of a broader CDR and decarbonization portfolio, no marine approach is ready yet for deployment at scale because of gaps in both scientific and engineering knowledge. Marine CDR spans a wide range of biotic and abiotic methods, with both common and technique-specific limitations. Further targeted research is needed on CDR efficacy, permanence, and additionality as well as on robust validation methods—measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification—that are essential to demonstrate the safe removal and long-term storage of CO2. Engineering studies are needed on constraints including scalability, costs, resource inputs, energy demands, and technical readiness. Research on possible co-benefits, ocean acidification effects, environmental and social impacts, and governance is also required.

Climate change poses significant challenges to livestock production worldwide. Wherein, it affects communities in developing nations primarily dependent on agriculture and animal husbandry. Its direct and indirect deleterious effects on agriculture and animal husbandry includes aberrant changes in weather patterns resulting in disturbed homeorhetic mechanism of livestock vis a vis indirectly affecting nutrient composition of feed and fodder. The nutritional stress (i.e. non-availability of nutrients in the required quantity and quality for particular livestock) is the critical factor affecting livestock performance, productivity, and reproductive efficiency. Nutritional stress may arise from both macro- and micro- nutrient imbalances; however, micronutrients are of paramount importance in climate change context due to their role in various vital functions of body namely, body metabolism, production, reproduction, and health. The micronutrients, minerals and vitamins, when supplied in adequate quantity and proportion aid in mitigating the stress induced by climate change on animals. Here, we tried to discuss the impact of climate change induced stresses on milk production, reproduction, and metabolic acclimation of heat-stressed animals. Furthermore, emphasis is given on the importance of dietary micronutrients management strategies to support livestock health and resilience during changing climatic conditions. By addressing the nutritional needs of livestock, farmers can achieve sustainability and well-being in livestock production under changing climatic condition.