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Effective waste management is of paramount importance as it contributes significantly to environmental preservation, mitigates health hazards, and aids in the preservation of precious resources. Conversely, mishandling waste not only presents severe environmental risks but can also disrupt the balance of ecosystems and pose threats to biodiversity. The emission of carbon dioxide, methane, and greenhouse gases (GHGs) can constitute a significant factor in the progression of global warming and climate change, consequently giving rise to atmospheric pollution. This pollution, in turn, has the potential to exacerbate respiratory ailments, elevate the likelihood of cardiovascular disorders, and negatively impact overall public health. Hence, efficient management of trash is extremely crucial in any society. It requires integrating technology and innovative solutions, which can help eradicate this global issue. The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary communication paradigm with significant contributions to remote monitoring and control. IoT-based trash management aids remote garbage level monitoring but entails drawbacks like high installation and maintenance costs, increased electronic waste production (53 million metric tons in 2013), and substantial energy consumption for always-vigilant IoT devices. Our research endeavors to formulate a comprehensive model for an efficient and cost-effective waste collection system. It emphasizes the need for global commitment by policymakers, stakeholders, and civil society, working together to achieve a common goal. In order to mitigate the depletion of manpower, fuel resources, and time, our proposed method leverages quick response (QR) codes to enable the remote monitoring of waste bin capacity across diverse city locations. We propose to minimize the deployment of IoT devices, utilizing them only when absolutely necessary and thereby allocating their use exclusively to central garbage collection facilities. Our solution places the onus of monitoring garbage levels at the community level firmly on the shoulders of civilians, demonstrating that a critical aspect of any technology is its ability to interact and collaborate with humans. Within our framework, citizens will employ our proposed mobile application to scan QR codes affixed to waste bins, select the relevant garbage level, and transmit this data to the waste collection teams’ database. Subsequently, these teams will plan for optimized garbage collection procedures, considering parameters such as garbage volume and the most efficient collection routes aimed at minimizing both time and fuel consumption.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a type of force majeure that significantly and unexpectedly affected all human lifestyles. This study includes an integrative review of articles published across Scopus and Web of Science journals and compiled using the systematic review methodology based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement and VOSreview (visualization of similarities) software by defining keywords that include “construction industry” and “force majeure” and “environmental risks” as a starting point. Moreover, the research years and the countries covered by this research were determined in a second stage. Finally, the abstracts of selected studies were reviewed in order to extract factors similar to the pandemic conditions of COVID-19 along with the brief results of the research. Out of 6384 publications identified and 56 publications reporting, 20 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria with full text. Based on our findings, there has been a continuous growth of publications on construction risk and environmental research since 2010. Malaysia had the greatest contribution to the research topic of the countries covered by the study, followed by Egypt. The Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management journal published the greatest number of publications related to the research topic. In this review, the most important previous studies are classified according to their handling of force majeure and environmental risks and the most important factors mentioned in these studies are identified. In addition, recommendations are made for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic and for mitigating its effects on the construction industry in the Arab world and Malaysia. The results of this review will benefit researchers and construction companies alike in furthering research on reducing the risks of COVID-19 to construction projects and avoiding the significant economic loss that results from stopping these projects.

Vegetable oil and animal fat derived fatty acid methyl esters are commonly known as biodiesel and provide an environment friendly and renewable substitute for the conventional diesel fuel. The present work demonstrates an easy preparation of potassium ion impregnated calcium oxide in nano crystalline form (supported by powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic studies) and its application as a solid catalyst for the transesterification of waste cottonseed oil with methanol. The catalyst prepared by impregnating 3.5 wt% of potassium in CaO support was found to show the best catalytic activity among the prepared catalysts. The same catalyst was found to be effective for the complete transesterification of less expensive feedstock, waste cotton seed oil, even in the presence of 10.26 wt% moisture and 4.35 wt% free fatty acid contents. The selected catalyst has also been reused successfully for three catalytic cycles. Few physicochemical properties of the prepared biodiesel sample have been studied and found to be within the acceptable limits of EN 14214 standards.

LoRA stands for Long Range communication. Lo-RAwan is the specification used for the battery operated and wireless systems. The main aim of the LoRA is to target the Internet Of Things requirement and also Bidirectional communication. In order to prove the proof of concept, here we are creating a smart prepaid electric meter which will consist of lora module along with it. All the data related to the meters i.e voltage, energy power etc will be send to a gateway. Gateway is the central unit or router which collects all the data from all the meters and it is connected with the local storage device or PC which will create the database for all the data, Now this data is again uploaded to the cloud by this pc to the public network, which can be accessed from any of the place. The most important part of this is that this concept of communication can be extended to other application in which the data transmitted bits is less. As a result of this we can overcome the disadvantage of the 3G/4G GSM modules and low power WAN i.e. LORA can be used for communication.

A method is presented for constructing fundamental solutions for the Helmholtz operators Δ ± k2 in Rn in terms of the fundamental singularity for the Laplacian Δ. The feasibility of representing a fundamental solution for Δ2 − k4 by forming convolutions of such solutions is also discussed.

AbstractThis paper proposes a methodology to assess the wind risk of electrical transmission towers considering the coupling of the tower with the cables and a failure mechanism based on capacity. ...

This paper describes the application of IoT Technology for monitoring different parameters of battery of electric vehicle. Electric vehicle totally depends upon the source of energy from the battery. In this project, the idea of monitoring the performance of the vehicle using IoT techniques is proposed, so that monitoring can be done easily and directly. The objective of the project is to promote green power and to improve smartness of electric vehicle by monitoring the battery parameters such as voltage, temperature, current and charge avaibility. Also, these values displayed in cloud, which brings the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT based battery monitoring system consist of two major parts i) Monitoring device and ii) User interface. Based on experimental results, the system is capable to detect battery performance.

Abstract Designing a high-performance hydrofoil is a fundamental challenge for the current turbine blade designers. In this paper, the performance of S1210 hydrofoil, commonly used in the tidal current turbine blades, in presence of (i) Vortex Generators (VGs), and (ii) modified trailing edge is numerically studied. The results show that attaching counter-rotating VGs near the trailing edge of the foil can increase the lift coefficient by 17% and delay the stall angle from 10° to 12°. Constructing a rounded and thicker trailing edge can help to improve the hydrodynamic performance by increasing the lift coefficient by 13.5%. The combination of VGs (located near the trailing edge) and rounded trailing edge can increase the glide ratio significantly. These observations have been explained by plotting the pressure coefficients and velocity profiles at different locations on the foil surface. The findings will be useful to manufacture a stronger blade profile and extract more power from the current turbines that operate at wide current speed variation.