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  • Energy Research
  • 15. Life on land
  • IT
  • Italian

  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: SCHIMMENTI, Emanuele; ASCIUTO, Antonio; BORSELLINO, Valeria; GALATI, Antonino; +1 Authors

    The present study aims to analyse the land market trend with particular reference to the main typologies of crop in Sicily (1992-2010). More specifically, after examining the trend in agricultural land average prices, both in current and constant terms, the dynamic formulation of Shift and Share Analysis (DSSA) was carried out, in order to check the growth gap between the average prices in the Sicilian provinces and the correspondent regional ones over the period, and trying to identify its causes also on the basis of the relationship between land values and the agro-food markets dynamics in the investigated period. The analysis of average land values shows a positive trend in current terms, but a steady erosion in constant values. The application of DSSA highlights that the average land values expressed in current prices have a positive market dynamics (except for the province of Palermo), but lower than the overall regional trend, whereas Agrigento and Ragusa growth rates are higher than the regional one. On the contrary, the analysis in real terms shows a heavily erosive dynamics of provincial average prices which is more marked than the overall regional one, with the exception of Agrigento where the negative growth rate is lower than the overall trend. The analysis also measured the growth differential between the dynamics of the average values for each crop typology and the overall regional trend. More specifically, the study pointed out the dichotomy characterising the Sicilian land market in the period 1992-2010: on the one hand, the positive data of arable and horticultural crops and, to a lesser extent, permanent grassland due to a good structural framework capable of absorbing the shortcomings at local level, on the other hand, negative growth differential recorded for tree crops, due almost exclusively to substantial structural weaknesses.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio istituziona...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio istituziona...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Salmaso; Nico; Bresciani; Mariano; +96 Authors

    Il macrosito “IT08 Laghi Sudalpini” comprende un gruppo di laghi localizzato al margine meridionale della catena alpina. Le tipologie lacustri sono rappresentate da laghi estesi e profondi (Orta, Garda, Maggiore, Como e Iseo) e da un lago di minori dimensioni e bassa profondità (Candia). Le tematiche comuni a tutti i siti di ricerca comprendono: composizione, struttura e dinamica delle comunità biologiche (plancton, necton e comunità litorali) e loro risposte all’eutrofizzazione e ai cambiamenti climatici; le reti trofiche; la paleolimnologia; l’ecotossicologia; la qualità ecologica; il telerilevamento. Le attività di ricerca sono supportate da una ricca disponibilità di laboratori localizzati nelle differenti sedi e da un’ampia dotazione di apparecchiature tecnologiche. Queste infrastrutture, finanziate nell’ambito dei singoli istituti coinvolti nella ricerca, hanno permesso non solo di mantenere, ma anche di aggiornare i classici approcci utilizzati nel monitoraggio scientifico, aprendo, nel contempo, nuovi indirizzi di ricerca: ne sono esempi gli sviluppi nel campo dell’ecologia molecolare e microbica, il profiling metabolomico, la ricerca di geni di resistenza agli antibiotici, la sperimentazione di sistemi di monitoraggio ad alta frequenza mediante l’utilizzo di sensori. Nel corso dell’ultimo decennio, la regolarità nelle attività di ricerca nei laghi di maggiori dimensioni è stata favorita dalla disponibilità di finanziamenti esterni (progetti competitivi o previsti nell’ambito di cooperazioni transfrontaliere) e ordinari (progetti definiti nei singoli istituti o attività istituzionali nel caso delle ARPA). La varietà delle attività di ricerca svolte nei laghi sudalpini è testimoniata dalla pubblicazione di numerosi articoli scientifici e divulgativi, dai contributi presentati in congressi nazionali e internazionali, dall’organizzazione di convegni, seminari e attività e di formazione e divulgazione, oltre che dalla presenza nei media giornalistici. La collaborazione tra i siti di ricerca appartenenti al macrosito Laghi Sudalpini vanta una lunga tradizione. Seppur regolate nell’ambito di progetti e accordi informali, numerose forme di collaborazione tra tutti gli attuali siti di ricerca erano infatti già attive ancor prima dell’istituzione della rete LTER-Italia. Nell’ambito di queste collaborazioni va inserito anche il Lago di Lugano che, pur non incluso nell’attuale network, rimane largamente coinvolto nelle attività di collaborazione scientifica con il supporto attivo della Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera italiana (SUPSI, Canobbio). Le collaborazioni riguardano attività di supporto logistico reciproco (raccolta di campioni e analisi di laboratorio, intercalibrazioni), campagne di indagine focalizzate su argomenti specifici (tra cui ricerca di specie tossigeniche, zooplancton, reti trofiche, ecologia microbica, evoluzione a lungo termine dello stato trofico e dinamiche di mescolamento in relazione alle fluttuazioni climatiche, telerilevamento, microplastiche). I numerosi risultati ottenuti nell’ambito delle collaborazioni hanno permesso di produrre un elevato numero di articoli scientifici e contributi sinottici a livello congressuale e seminariale. In particolare, numerosi lavori di carattere sinottico sono stati recentemente pubblicati in un numero speciale della rivista Hydrobiologia dedicato ai grandi laghi perialpini (2018, volume 824, Issue 1). Riassumendo, l’elemento chiave delle ricerche LTER nei laghi a sud delle Alpi è il loro approccio a lungo termine, su scale temporali che vanno ben oltre la durata tipica dei progetti di ricerca. Il monitoraggio scientifico costituisce un elemento centrale delle ricerche LTER, comprendendo non solo la raccolta di dati (monitoraggio di base), ma anche la loro interpretazione, modellizzazione e manipolazione sperimentale, con particolare attenzione a gruppi chiave di variabili selezionate al fine di individuare gli stressori ambientali più significativi e il grado di cambiamento a livello di ecosistema, comunità, specie e popolazioni. Tale approccio richiede necessariamente di essere implementato in un contesto di ricerca scientifica in grado di mantenere un elevato livello di qualità sia nei dati raccolti sia nella loro elaborazione, interpretazione, diffusione e valorizzazione, non solo a livello di singolo lago o macrosito, ma anche in più ampi contesti nazionali ed internazionali. The Macrosite "IT08 Subalpine Lakes" includes a group of lakes located at the southern border of the Alps. The lake typologies are represented by large and deep lakes (Orta, Garda, Maggiore, Como and Iseo) and by a lake of smaller size and shallow depth (Candia). Topics common to all the research sites include the impact of eutrophication and climate change, the composition, structure and dynamics of biological communities (plankton, necton and littoral communities), trophic webs, paleolimnology, ecotoxicology, ecological status and remote sensing. Scientific investigations are supported by a wide availability of technological infrastructures and laboratories located in the reference institutions, and by a wide range of technological equipment for fieldwork. These facilities, funded within the individual institutes involved in the research, have allowed not only to maintain, but also to update the classical approaches used in scientific monitoring, while opening up new research fields (especially molecular ecology, microbial ecology, metabolomic profiling, antibiotic resistance genes, high frequency monitoring by sensor technology). Over the last decade, the continuity and regularity of investigations have been facilitated by the availability of both external and ordinary funds. The variety of research activities carried out on the IT08 macrosite is evidenced by the publication of numerous scientific papers, as well as contributions (oral or poster) presented at national and international conferences, and by the presence in the mass media. In this context, the scientific monitoring is a key element of LTER research, including not only data collection (basic monitoring), but also data interpretation, modeling, and experimental manipulation, with particular attention to key groups of selected variables in order to identify the most significant environmental stressors and the degree of change at the level of ecosystems, communities, species and populations.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
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    IRIS Cnr
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021
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    ZENODO
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021
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    Other literature type . 2021
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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 2021
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 2021
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      Other literature type . 2021
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 2021
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    Authors: Vittorio Marletto; Lucio Botarelli; Giulia Villani; Fausto Tomei; +16 Authors

    This work was carried out by a consortium of agencies and research institutes, in order to obtain indications on water demand and adaptation of irrigation management of important Italian crops in the coming decades, in the light of climatic scenarios provided by the Agroscenari project. The main results obtained regard integration and improvement of the Criteria crop water balance model and its use to evaluate future irrigation needs of crops like permanent meadows, maize, wheat, tomato, kiwifruit and citrus crops in diverse northern and southern Italy environments. We also developed and implemented an example of "climate service" for early crop classification and seasonal summer irrigation need forecasting in Emilia-Romagna.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CNR ExploRAarrow_drop_down
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    Report . 2014
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      Report . 2014
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    Authors: Nocera , Laura Alessandra;

    On 24 February 2019, the Parliament of Uganda approved the National Environment Act to provide for a correct management of the environment and natural resources. The Act was adopted in order to enhance the protection of the environment, address a strategic assessment in implementing environmental rights and sustainable development, and increase penalties for offences against nature. The relevance of this Act stands in the radical change of the legal consideration of the environment and nature. Indeed, the Ugandan legislation appears to alter the classical parameter of environmental law in considering Nature a subject entitled to its own rights with the possibility of recurring before the Courts in case of danger and/or violations. This reform marks a shift from an anthropocentric vision of the environment towards a more geocentric construction of environmental law. Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Societ�� (NAD-DIS), V. 3 N. 2 (2021)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.13130/26...
    Article . 2021
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    Authors: Ludovisi, Alessandro; Cappelletti, David; Elia, Antonia Concetta; Gigante, Daniela; +4 Authors

    This site includes coastal dune ecosystems of Central Italy, both along Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coastline. The flora and the fauna of the site is highly specialized with a relevant ecological value. On the other side, the site includes one of the most threatened ecosystems at national and European level, mainly due to direct and indirect human pressures. These areas host many EU interest habitats and species and are included in the Nature 2000 Network. Major EU Habitats are: Habitat 1210 (Annual vegetation of drift lines), Habitat 2110 (Embryonic shifting dunes), Habitat 2120 (Shifting dunes along the shorelines with Ammophila arenaria), Habitat 2230 (Malcolmietalia dune grasslands), priority Habitat 2250* (Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.), Habitat 2260 (Cisto-Lavanduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs) and priority Habitat 2270* (Wooded dunes with Pinuspinea and/or Pinus pinaster). The main topics of the ecological monitoring are: the temporal dynamics of plant diversity and abundance of coastal EU habitats, the periodical observation of nesting avifauna and Testudo hermanni, and the multi-temporal analysis of land cover types and its distribution, as well as of dune morphology and shoreline evolution.

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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021
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  • Gli impatti del cambiamento climatico sono particolarmente evidenti nelle zone aride del pianeta, raggruppate sotto il titolo di Arid and Semiarid Land (ASALs). I cambiamenti in atto nella distribuzione delle precipitazioni durante l’anno minacciano il sostentamento delle popolazioni locali dedite all’allevamento, che fanno affidamento su scarse risorse idriche. Per poter rafforzare la capacità di adattamento delle comunità, oltre che a livello globale, nazionale e regionale, è necessario approfondire gli effetti del cambiamento climatico anche a livello locale. Questo studio ha l’obiettivo di valutare l’andamento delle precipitazioni e della temperatura nella Contea di Marsabit, nel nord del Kenya, tra il 1983 e il 2014, per mezzo di dati meteorologici in forma di griglia. L’analisi ha richiesto il supporto di strumenti GIS e l’utilizzo della cartografia tematica, sia per l’analisi dei dati che per la rappresentazione dei risultati. Questi evidenziano una distribuzione disomogenea dei trend delle variabili climatiche nell’area, a causa delle caratteristiche orografiche e della vicinanza delle masse d’acqua oceaniche. È stata inoltre analizzata la correlazione tra variazioni climatiche e altitudine, dimostrando l’influenza della topografia sull’evoluzione del clima locale. The effects of climate change are particularly severe in global Arid and Semiarid Lands (ASALs), with impacts on many environmental risks. Undergoing changes in the distribution of precipitation throughout the year especially undermine the livelihood of people relying on livestock production and scarce water resources. In addition to more developed analysis at global, national and regional levels, climate change needs to be investigated at local levels, for strengthening communities’ adaptation capacity. This study aims to assess precipitation and temperature trends in Marsabit County in northern Kenya for 1983-2014 using grid meteorological datasets. The research is conducted with extensive support of GIS tools and thematic cartography, both for data analysis and data representation. The results show an inhomogeneous distribution of climatic trends through space. The correlation between climatic trends and altitude is also analysed, showing the influence of local topography on climate evolution.

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    Authors: Pierro, N.; Giocoli, A.; Motola, V.; Dipinto, S.;

    Questo rapporto ha come obiettivo quello di valutare la disponibilità potenziale di biomasse/sotto- prodotto, per il territorio nazionale e la loro pubblicazione sul portale WebGis ENEA “Atlante delle Biomasse”. La necessità di svolgere tale attività deriva dalle sfide che il legislatore si è posto. Infatti l’Unione Europea punta da una transizione entro il 2050 verso un’economia decarbonizzata in cui viene fortemente incentivata la bioeconomia, ovvero un’economia basata sull’utilizzo sostenibile di risorse naturali rinnovabili e la loro trasformazione in intermedi o prodotti finali cosiddetti “biobased “. Un ruolo fondamentale per affrontare tali sfide può essere svolto dall’uso delle biomasse come materia prima per produrre energia rinnovabile, prodotti chimici e biocarburanti. La dotazione di banche dati nazionali sulle biomasse è un requisito della nuova direttiva UE sulle energie rinnovabili. I database presentati nel presente report sono stati ottenuti attraverso una metodologia precedentemente vali- data in ENEA ed aggiornata di recente. Nel presente lavoro viene riportata la disponibilità nazionale per l’anno 2018 delle paglie di cereali, le potature di alberi da frutto, di ulivo, di vite, i gusci di frutta secca, il pastazzo degli agrumi, la sansa derivante dalla molitura delle olive da olio e la vinaccia derivante dalla filiera uva-vino. Tutti i dati elaborati, compresi i dati degli anni precedenti, sono stati pub- blicati sul portale WebGis “Atlante delle Biomasse”. Il portale è stato sviluppato al fine di fornire a tutti gli stakeholder uno strumento di supporto decisionale sulla disponibilità e distribuzione geografica delle biomasse. Dall’analisi svolta si evince che la biomassa maggiormente presente a scala nazio- nale è la paglia di cereali, con circa 14.330 chilo tonnellate di sostanza secca all’anno (ktss/anno) seguita dagli scarti di potature, con circa 2.264 ktss/anno. La terza biomassa prevalente è la vinaccia, con una potenziale disponibilità di circa 824 ktss/anno, segue la sansa con 424 ktss/anno, l’olio vegetale con 322 kt/anno, il pastazzo di agrumi con 302 ktss/anno e i gusci di frutta secca con 118 ktss/anno. I dati al 2018 confermano gli andamenti acquisiti nel periodo precedente. Parte del lavoro presentato nel presente report è stato svolto nell’ambito del progetto REBIOCHEM (finanziato dal Programma Operativo Nazionale "Ricerca e Competitività" 2007-2013-PONREC). This report aims to assess the potential availability of biomass/by-product, for the national territory and their publication on the WebGis ENEA portal "Atlante delle Biomasse". The need to carry out this activity derives from the challenges that the legislator has set itself. In fact, the European Union, by 2050, intends to be a prosperous, modern, competitive and decarbonised economy in which the bioeconomy is strongly encouraged. A key role in addressing these challenges can be played by the use of biomass as a raw material to produce renewable energy, chemicals and biofuels. The provision of national biomass databases is a requirement of the new EU directive on renewable energy. The da- tabases presented in this report have been obtained through a methodology previously validated in ENEA and recently updated. This work shows the national availability for the year 2018 of the cereal straws, the pruning of fruit trees, olive trees, grapevines, dried fruit shells, citrus pulp, pomace resulting from the milling of olives for oil and marc from the grape-wine chain. All the data processed, including data from previous years, have been published on the WebGis portal “Atlante delle Biomasse”. The portal was developed in order to provide all stakeholders a decision support tool on the availability and geographical distribution of biomass. The analysis carried out shows that the biomass most pre- sent on a national scale is cereal straw, with about 14330 kilo tons of dry matter per year (ktss/year) followed by pruning waste, with about 2264 ktss/year. The third prevalent biomass is marc, with a po- tential availability of about 824 ktss/year, followed by pomace with 424 ktss/year, vegetable oil with 322 kt/year, citrus pulp with 302 ktss/year and the shells of dried fruit with 118 ktss/year. The 2018 data confirm the trends acquired in the previous period. Part of the work presented in this report was carried out within the REBIOCHEM project (funded by the National Operational Program "Research and Competitiveness" 2007-2013-PONREC).

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    Authors: Rogora, Michela; Rossetti, Giampaolo; Flaim, Giovanna; Obertegger, Ulrike; +1 Authors

    The parent site consists of: two main research sites (Lake Santo Parmense and Lake Scuro Parmense) in the Northern Apennines, but also several temporary and permanent lentic systems sampled at a lower frequency; two main research sites in the Western Alps (Lake Paione Inferiore and Superiore), and about 30 high altitude lakes (above 1900 m a.s.l.) in the same area, with long-term irregular data; one research site located in the Brenta Dolomites (Lake Tovel) at 1178 m a.s.l. with a monthly sampling regime and long-term data; three main research sites in the province of Bozen, together with other 11 lakes all located below the treeline, monitored since 1979 with samplings at irregular intervals. For all the main research sites long-term data exist on water chemistry, plankton and benthos; however, the datasets of the various sites may be different in terms of size, temporal coverage, frequency of the series and monitored parameters. The main research topics considered are eutrophication and acidification, population dynamics, biodiversity, functional diversity, lake metabolism, plankton phenology, alien species, climate change effects, impacts of anthropogenic activities in lake catchments, high frequency monitoring.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Laudati, Giuseppe;

    Le utilizzazioni forestali sono uno degli aspetti fondamentali della gestione forestale sostenibile, in quanto strumento di applicazione indispensabile mediante il lavoro in bosco delle imprese forestali. Il primo anello della filiera bosco-legno è costituito da queste imprese di prima trasformazione che vengono scarsamente monitorate a differenza di altri settori produttivi del Paese. Le fonti statistiche ufficiali, infatti, concentrano la loro attenzione solo su altri aspetti della gestione forestale e non sulle attività in bosco dei cantieri forestali. L’obiettivo dello studio, per ogni impresa, è stato quello di monitorare il livello di meccanizzazione forestale usato ed in particolare le metodologie di lavoro applicate, in quanto, esse vanno ad influenzare direttamente e indirettamente sulla crescita e sulla sostenibilità dei boschi. Il lavoro è stato svolto in tre Regioni, Umbria, Lazio e Campania, attraverso un campione di imprese forestali, per conoscere sia la loro organizzazione imprenditoriale che il loro reale lavoro in bosco. L’indagine ha evidenziato fondamentalmente, la perdurante mancanza di accurati controlli e opportuni monitoraggi, da parte di tutti gli Enti competenti. Questa persistente lacuna dovrebbe essere colmata, anche alla luce degli accordi stipulati dall’Italia sia in sede comunitaria che internazionale, in modo da poter applicare concretamente e meglio una gestione sostenibile delle foreste italiane. Una migliore conoscenza di questo anello debole della filiera, porterebbe anche dei notevoli miglioramenti sulla sicurezza degli operatori forestali impiegati in bosco e a un migliore utilizzo della biomassa prelevata. Il monitoraggio dei cantieri forestali consentirebbe, infine, la realizzazione di interventi selviculturali meno impattanti di quelli attuali per i boschi e l’ambiente, nonché una programmazione che si ripercuoterebbe sull’applicazione di livelli di meccanizzazione al passo con l’innovazione tecnologica, già applicata da tempo in altri Paesi. Forest harvesting is one of the crucial aspects in the sustainable forest management, since it is a necessary application tool for the forest firms, through their work in the forest. The first ring of the forest-wood supply chain is based on the first transformation firms which, differently from other productive sectors of the Country, are scarcely surveyed. In fact the official statistical sources concentrated their attention only on other aspects of the forest management, but not on the activities of the forest yards. The research target was to monitor level of mechanization of forest enterprises and, particularly, the applied work methodologies, since directly and indirectly affecting forests growth and sustainability. The study was carried out in three provinces, Umbria, Lazio, Campania, through a sample of forest enterprises, to better analyse both the management organization and their real work activities in the forest. The investigation has essentially shown the lasting lack of accurate inspections and appropriate monitoring by all the competent organizations. This persistent gap should be filled up, according to the agreements stipulated by Italy both in the European Commission and Internationally, in order to concretely and better apply a sustainable management in Italian forests. An enhanced knowledge of this bond in the supply chain should bring remarkable improvements of forest workers safety and a better use of harvestable biomass. Finally the forest yards monitoring should permit to achieve silvicultural actions for environment and forest sustainability, and the possibility to schedule an increase of mechanization and technological innovations, as already common in other Countries. Dottorato di ricerca in Scienze e tecnologie per la gestione forestale e ambientale

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    Unitus DSpace
    Doctoral thesis . 2010
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  • Authors: Nigrelli G.; Paranunzio R.; Pensa R.; Sabatino M.; +2 Authors

    GeoClimAlp (Geomorphological impacts of Climate change in the Alps) is a research group of the CNR-IRPI established with the intent to deepen and improve the knowledge on the role of climate change in the morphogenesis of the alpine environment in general and of high-altitude environments in particular. The geological-morphological and climatic-hydrologic research fields are the main ones to be integrated in the scientific activities of the research group. The activities currently carried out by GeoClimAlp are mainly oriented on the study of natural instability processes occurring in mountain environments in general and at high-elevation sites in particular, with emphasis on changes taking place due to the climate change, and on related geohazards. For this type of activity, we have developed a web-based relational database that is able to store and manage data and information about: 1.the natural instability processes that occur at high-elevation sites 2.the main climatic parameters that are necessary for the study of these processes Data and information can be inserted into the database trough a simple web interface, trough a smartphone or a tablet. In this way, many informations can be acquired by the hikers, by the citizens and by others (rock climbers and mountain guides, alpine rescue team, park guards) directly on site, near where processes occur.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: SCHIMMENTI, Emanuele; ASCIUTO, Antonio; BORSELLINO, Valeria; GALATI, Antonino; +1 Authors

    The present study aims to analyse the land market trend with particular reference to the main typologies of crop in Sicily (1992-2010). More specifically, after examining the trend in agricultural land average prices, both in current and constant terms, the dynamic formulation of Shift and Share Analysis (DSSA) was carried out, in order to check the growth gap between the average prices in the Sicilian provinces and the correspondent regional ones over the period, and trying to identify its causes also on the basis of the relationship between land values and the agro-food markets dynamics in the investigated period. The analysis of average land values shows a positive trend in current terms, but a steady erosion in constant values. The application of DSSA highlights that the average land values expressed in current prices have a positive market dynamics (except for the province of Palermo), but lower than the overall regional trend, whereas Agrigento and Ragusa growth rates are higher than the regional one. On the contrary, the analysis in real terms shows a heavily erosive dynamics of provincial average prices which is more marked than the overall regional one, with the exception of Agrigento where the negative growth rate is lower than the overall trend. The analysis also measured the growth differential between the dynamics of the average values for each crop typology and the overall regional trend. More specifically, the study pointed out the dichotomy characterising the Sicilian land market in the period 1992-2010: on the one hand, the positive data of arable and horticultural crops and, to a lesser extent, permanent grassland due to a good structural framework capable of absorbing the shortcomings at local level, on the other hand, negative growth differential recorded for tree crops, due almost exclusively to substantial structural weaknesses.

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    Authors: Salmaso; Nico; Bresciani; Mariano; +96 Authors

    Il macrosito “IT08 Laghi Sudalpini” comprende un gruppo di laghi localizzato al margine meridionale della catena alpina. Le tipologie lacustri sono rappresentate da laghi estesi e profondi (Orta, Garda, Maggiore, Como e Iseo) e da un lago di minori dimensioni e bassa profondità (Candia). Le tematiche comuni a tutti i siti di ricerca comprendono: composizione, struttura e dinamica delle comunità biologiche (plancton, necton e comunità litorali) e loro risposte all’eutrofizzazione e ai cambiamenti climatici; le reti trofiche; la paleolimnologia; l’ecotossicologia; la qualità ecologica; il telerilevamento. Le attività di ricerca sono supportate da una ricca disponibilità di laboratori localizzati nelle differenti sedi e da un’ampia dotazione di apparecchiature tecnologiche. Queste infrastrutture, finanziate nell’ambito dei singoli istituti coinvolti nella ricerca, hanno permesso non solo di mantenere, ma anche di aggiornare i classici approcci utilizzati nel monitoraggio scientifico, aprendo, nel contempo, nuovi indirizzi di ricerca: ne sono esempi gli sviluppi nel campo dell’ecologia molecolare e microbica, il profiling metabolomico, la ricerca di geni di resistenza agli antibiotici, la sperimentazione di sistemi di monitoraggio ad alta frequenza mediante l’utilizzo di sensori. Nel corso dell’ultimo decennio, la regolarità nelle attività di ricerca nei laghi di maggiori dimensioni è stata favorita dalla disponibilità di finanziamenti esterni (progetti competitivi o previsti nell’ambito di cooperazioni transfrontaliere) e ordinari (progetti definiti nei singoli istituti o attività istituzionali nel caso delle ARPA). La varietà delle attività di ricerca svolte nei laghi sudalpini è testimoniata dalla pubblicazione di numerosi articoli scientifici e divulgativi, dai contributi presentati in congressi nazionali e internazionali, dall’organizzazione di convegni, seminari e attività e di formazione e divulgazione, oltre che dalla presenza nei media giornalistici. La collaborazione tra i siti di ricerca appartenenti al macrosito Laghi Sudalpini vanta una lunga tradizione. Seppur regolate nell’ambito di progetti e accordi informali, numerose forme di collaborazione tra tutti gli attuali siti di ricerca erano infatti già attive ancor prima dell’istituzione della rete LTER-Italia. Nell’ambito di queste collaborazioni va inserito anche il Lago di Lugano che, pur non incluso nell’attuale network, rimane largamente coinvolto nelle attività di collaborazione scientifica con il supporto attivo della Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera italiana (SUPSI, Canobbio). Le collaborazioni riguardano attività di supporto logistico reciproco (raccolta di campioni e analisi di laboratorio, intercalibrazioni), campagne di indagine focalizzate su argomenti specifici (tra cui ricerca di specie tossigeniche, zooplancton, reti trofiche, ecologia microbica, evoluzione a lungo termine dello stato trofico e dinamiche di mescolamento in relazione alle fluttuazioni climatiche, telerilevamento, microplastiche). I numerosi risultati ottenuti nell’ambito delle collaborazioni hanno permesso di produrre un elevato numero di articoli scientifici e contributi sinottici a livello congressuale e seminariale. In particolare, numerosi lavori di carattere sinottico sono stati recentemente pubblicati in un numero speciale della rivista Hydrobiologia dedicato ai grandi laghi perialpini (2018, volume 824, Issue 1). Riassumendo, l’elemento chiave delle ricerche LTER nei laghi a sud delle Alpi è il loro approccio a lungo termine, su scale temporali che vanno ben oltre la durata tipica dei progetti di ricerca. Il monitoraggio scientifico costituisce un elemento centrale delle ricerche LTER, comprendendo non solo la raccolta di dati (monitoraggio di base), ma anche la loro interpretazione, modellizzazione e manipolazione sperimentale, con particolare attenzione a gruppi chiave di variabili selezionate al fine di individuare gli stressori ambientali più significativi e il grado di cambiamento a livello di ecosistema, comunità, specie e popolazioni. Tale approccio richiede necessariamente di essere implementato in un contesto di ricerca scientifica in grado di mantenere un elevato livello di qualità sia nei dati raccolti sia nella loro elaborazione, interpretazione, diffusione e valorizzazione, non solo a livello di singolo lago o macrosito, ma anche in più ampi contesti nazionali ed internazionali. The Macrosite "IT08 Subalpine Lakes" includes a group of lakes located at the southern border of the Alps. The lake typologies are represented by large and deep lakes (Orta, Garda, Maggiore, Como and Iseo) and by a lake of smaller size and shallow depth (Candia). Topics common to all the research sites include the impact of eutrophication and climate change, the composition, structure and dynamics of biological communities (plankton, necton and littoral communities), trophic webs, paleolimnology, ecotoxicology, ecological status and remote sensing. Scientific investigations are supported by a wide availability of technological infrastructures and laboratories located in the reference institutions, and by a wide range of technological equipment for fieldwork. These facilities, funded within the individual institutes involved in the research, have allowed not only to maintain, but also to update the classical approaches used in scientific monitoring, while opening up new research fields (especially molecular ecology, microbial ecology, metabolomic profiling, antibiotic resistance genes, high frequency monitoring by sensor technology). Over the last decade, the continuity and regularity of investigations have been facilitated by the availability of both external and ordinary funds. The variety of research activities carried out on the IT08 macrosite is evidenced by the publication of numerous scientific papers, as well as contributions (oral or poster) presented at national and international conferences, and by the presence in the mass media. In this context, the scientific monitoring is a key element of LTER research, including not only data collection (basic monitoring), but also data interpretation, modeling, and experimental manipulation, with particular attention to key groups of selected variables in order to identify the most significant environmental stressors and the degree of change at the level of ecosystems, communities, species and populations.

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    Authors: Vittorio Marletto; Lucio Botarelli; Giulia Villani; Fausto Tomei; +16 Authors

    This work was carried out by a consortium of agencies and research institutes, in order to obtain indications on water demand and adaptation of irrigation management of important Italian crops in the coming decades, in the light of climatic scenarios provided by the Agroscenari project. The main results obtained regard integration and improvement of the Criteria crop water balance model and its use to evaluate future irrigation needs of crops like permanent meadows, maize, wheat, tomato, kiwifruit and citrus crops in diverse northern and southern Italy environments. We also developed and implemented an example of "climate service" for early crop classification and seasonal summer irrigation need forecasting in Emilia-Romagna.

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    Authors: Nocera , Laura Alessandra;

    On 24 February 2019, the Parliament of Uganda approved the National Environment Act to provide for a correct management of the environment and natural resources. The Act was adopted in order to enhance the protection of the environment, address a strategic assessment in implementing environmental rights and sustainable development, and increase penalties for offences against nature. The relevance of this Act stands in the radical change of the legal consideration of the environment and nature. Indeed, the Ugandan legislation appears to alter the classical parameter of environmental law in considering Nature a subject entitled to its own rights with the possibility of recurring before the Courts in case of danger and/or violations. This reform marks a shift from an anthropocentric vision of the environment towards a more geocentric construction of environmental law. Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Societ�� (NAD-DIS), V. 3 N. 2 (2021)

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.13130/26...
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    Authors: Ludovisi, Alessandro; Cappelletti, David; Elia, Antonia Concetta; Gigante, Daniela; +4 Authors

    This site includes coastal dune ecosystems of Central Italy, both along Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coastline. The flora and the fauna of the site is highly specialized with a relevant ecological value. On the other side, the site includes one of the most threatened ecosystems at national and European level, mainly due to direct and indirect human pressures. These areas host many EU interest habitats and species and are included in the Nature 2000 Network. Major EU Habitats are: Habitat 1210 (Annual vegetation of drift lines), Habitat 2110 (Embryonic shifting dunes), Habitat 2120 (Shifting dunes along the shorelines with Ammophila arenaria), Habitat 2230 (Malcolmietalia dune grasslands), priority Habitat 2250* (Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.), Habitat 2260 (Cisto-Lavanduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs) and priority Habitat 2270* (Wooded dunes with Pinuspinea and/or Pinus pinaster). The main topics of the ecological monitoring are: the temporal dynamics of plant diversity and abundance of coastal EU habitats, the periodical observation of nesting avifauna and Testudo hermanni, and the multi-temporal analysis of land cover types and its distribution, as well as of dune morphology and shoreline evolution.

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  • Gli impatti del cambiamento climatico sono particolarmente evidenti nelle zone aride del pianeta, raggruppate sotto il titolo di Arid and Semiarid Land (ASALs). I cambiamenti in atto nella distribuzione delle precipitazioni durante l’anno minacciano il sostentamento delle popolazioni locali dedite all’allevamento, che fanno affidamento su scarse risorse idriche. Per poter rafforzare la capacità di adattamento delle comunità, oltre che a livello globale, nazionale e regionale, è necessario approfondire gli effetti del cambiamento climatico anche a livello locale. Questo studio ha l’obiettivo di valutare l’andamento delle precipitazioni e della temperatura nella Contea di Marsabit, nel nord del Kenya, tra il 1983 e il 2014, per mezzo di dati meteorologici in forma di griglia. L’analisi ha richiesto il supporto di strumenti GIS e l’utilizzo della cartografia tematica, sia per l’analisi dei dati che per la rappresentazione dei risultati. Questi evidenziano una distribuzione disomogenea dei trend delle variabili climatiche nell’area, a causa delle caratteristiche orografiche e della vicinanza delle masse d’acqua oceaniche. È stata inoltre analizzata la correlazione tra variazioni climatiche e altitudine, dimostrando l’influenza della topografia sull’evoluzione del clima locale. The effects of climate change are particularly severe in global Arid and Semiarid Lands (ASALs), with impacts on many environmental risks. Undergoing changes in the distribution of precipitation throughout the year especially undermine the livelihood of people relying on livestock production and scarce water resources. In addition to more developed analysis at global, national and regional levels, climate change needs to be investigated at local levels, for strengthening communities’ adaptation capacity. This study aims to assess precipitation and temperature trends in Marsabit County in northern Kenya for 1983-2014 using grid meteorological datasets. The research is conducted with extensive support of GIS tools and thematic cartography, both for data analysis and data representation. The results show an inhomogeneous distribution of climatic trends through space. The correlation between climatic trends and altitude is also analysed, showing the influence of local topography on climate evolution.

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    Authors: Pierro, N.; Giocoli, A.; Motola, V.; Dipinto, S.;

    Questo rapporto ha come obiettivo quello di valutare la disponibilità potenziale di biomasse/sotto- prodotto, per il territorio nazionale e la loro pubblicazione sul portale WebGis ENEA “Atlante delle Biomasse”. La necessità di svolgere tale attività deriva dalle sfide che il legislatore si è posto. Infatti l’Unione Europea punta da una transizione entro il 2050 verso un’economia decarbonizzata in cui viene fortemente incentivata la bioeconomia, ovvero un’economia basata sull’utilizzo sostenibile di risorse naturali rinnovabili e la loro trasformazione in intermedi o prodotti finali cosiddetti “biobased “. Un ruolo fondamentale per affrontare tali sfide può essere svolto dall’uso delle biomasse come materia prima per produrre energia rinnovabile, prodotti chimici e biocarburanti. La dotazione di banche dati nazionali sulle biomasse è un requisito della nuova direttiva UE sulle energie rinnovabili. I database presentati nel presente report sono stati ottenuti attraverso una metodologia precedentemente vali- data in ENEA ed aggiornata di recente. Nel presente lavoro viene riportata la disponibilità nazionale per l’anno 2018 delle paglie di cereali, le potature di alberi da frutto, di ulivo, di vite, i gusci di frutta secca, il pastazzo degli agrumi, la sansa derivante dalla molitura delle olive da olio e la vinaccia derivante dalla filiera uva-vino. Tutti i dati elaborati, compresi i dati degli anni precedenti, sono stati pub- blicati sul portale WebGis “Atlante delle Biomasse”. Il portale è stato sviluppato al fine di fornire a tutti gli stakeholder uno strumento di supporto decisionale sulla disponibilità e distribuzione geografica delle biomasse. Dall’analisi svolta si evince che la biomassa maggiormente presente a scala nazio- nale è la paglia di cereali, con circa 14.330 chilo tonnellate di sostanza secca all’anno (ktss/anno) seguita dagli scarti di potature, con circa 2.264 ktss/anno. La terza biomassa prevalente è la vinaccia, con una potenziale disponibilità di circa 824 ktss/anno, segue la sansa con 424 ktss/anno, l’olio vegetale con 322 kt/anno, il pastazzo di agrumi con 302 ktss/anno e i gusci di frutta secca con 118 ktss/anno. I dati al 2018 confermano gli andamenti acquisiti nel periodo precedente. Parte del lavoro presentato nel presente report è stato svolto nell’ambito del progetto REBIOCHEM (finanziato dal Programma Operativo Nazionale "Ricerca e Competitività" 2007-2013-PONREC). This report aims to assess the potential availability of biomass/by-product, for the national territory and their publication on the WebGis ENEA portal "Atlante delle Biomasse". The need to carry out this activity derives from the challenges that the legislator has set itself. In fact, the European Union, by 2050, intends to be a prosperous, modern, competitive and decarbonised economy in which the bioeconomy is strongly encouraged. A key role in addressing these challenges can be played by the use of biomass as a raw material to produce renewable energy, chemicals and biofuels. The provision of national biomass databases is a requirement of the new EU directive on renewable energy. The da- tabases presented in this report have been obtained through a methodology previously validated in ENEA and recently updated. This work shows the national availability for the year 2018 of the cereal straws, the pruning of fruit trees, olive trees, grapevines, dried fruit shells, citrus pulp, pomace resulting from the milling of olives for oil and marc from the grape-wine chain. All the data processed, including data from previous years, have been published on the WebGis portal “Atlante delle Biomasse”. The portal was developed in order to provide all stakeholders a decision support tool on the availability and geographical distribution of biomass. The analysis carried out shows that the biomass most pre- sent on a national scale is cereal straw, with about 14330 kilo tons of dry matter per year (ktss/year) followed by pruning waste, with about 2264 ktss/year. The third prevalent biomass is marc, with a po- tential availability of about 824 ktss/year, followed by pomace with 424 ktss/year, vegetable oil with 322 kt/year, citrus pulp with 302 ktss/year and the shells of dried fruit with 118 ktss/year. The 2018 data confirm the trends acquired in the previous period. Part of the work presented in this report was carried out within the REBIOCHEM project (funded by the National Operational Program "Research and Competitiveness" 2007-2013-PONREC).

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    Authors: Rogora, Michela; Rossetti, Giampaolo; Flaim, Giovanna; Obertegger, Ulrike; +1 Authors

    The parent site consists of: two main research sites (Lake Santo Parmense and Lake Scuro Parmense) in the Northern Apennines, but also several temporary and permanent lentic systems sampled at a lower frequency; two main research sites in the Western Alps (Lake Paione Inferiore and Superiore), and about 30 high altitude lakes (above 1900 m a.s.l.) in the same area, with long-term irregular data; one research site located in the Brenta Dolomites (Lake Tovel) at 1178 m a.s.l. with a monthly sampling regime and long-term data; three main research sites in the province of Bozen, together with other 11 lakes all located below the treeline, monitored since 1979 with samplings at irregular intervals. For all the main research sites long-term data exist on water chemistry, plankton and benthos; however, the datasets of the various sites may be different in terms of size, temporal coverage, frequency of the series and monitored parameters. The main research topics considered are eutrophication and acidification, population dynamics, biodiversity, functional diversity, lake metabolism, plankton phenology, alien species, climate change effects, impacts of anthropogenic activities in lake catchments, high frequency monitoring.

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    Authors: Laudati, Giuseppe;

    Le utilizzazioni forestali sono uno degli aspetti fondamentali della gestione forestale sostenibile, in quanto strumento di applicazione indispensabile mediante il lavoro in bosco delle imprese forestali. Il primo anello della filiera bosco-legno è costituito da queste imprese di prima trasformazione che vengono scarsamente monitorate a differenza di altri settori produttivi del Paese. Le fonti statistiche ufficiali, infatti, concentrano la loro attenzione solo su altri aspetti della gestione forestale e non sulle attività in bosco dei cantieri forestali. L’obiettivo dello studio, per ogni impresa, è stato quello di monitorare il livello di meccanizzazione forestale usato ed in particolare le metodologie di lavoro applicate, in quanto, esse vanno ad influenzare direttamente e indirettamente sulla crescita e sulla sostenibilità dei boschi. Il lavoro è stato svolto in tre Regioni, Umbria, Lazio e Campania, attraverso un campione di imprese forestali, per conoscere sia la loro organizzazione imprenditoriale che il loro reale lavoro in bosco. L’indagine ha evidenziato fondamentalmente, la perdurante mancanza di accurati controlli e opportuni monitoraggi, da parte di tutti gli Enti competenti. Questa persistente lacuna dovrebbe essere colmata, anche alla luce degli accordi stipulati dall’Italia sia in sede comunitaria che internazionale, in modo da poter applicare concretamente e meglio una gestione sostenibile delle foreste italiane. Una migliore conoscenza di questo anello debole della filiera, porterebbe anche dei notevoli miglioramenti sulla sicurezza degli operatori forestali impiegati in bosco e a un migliore utilizzo della biomassa prelevata. Il monitoraggio dei cantieri forestali consentirebbe, infine, la realizzazione di interventi selviculturali meno impattanti di quelli attuali per i boschi e l’ambiente, nonché una programmazione che si ripercuoterebbe sull’applicazione di livelli di meccanizzazione al passo con l’innovazione tecnologica, già applicata da tempo in altri Paesi. Forest harvesting is one of the crucial aspects in the sustainable forest management, since it is a necessary application tool for the forest firms, through their work in the forest. The first ring of the forest-wood supply chain is based on the first transformation firms which, differently from other productive sectors of the Country, are scarcely surveyed. In fact the official statistical sources concentrated their attention only on other aspects of the forest management, but not on the activities of the forest yards. The research target was to monitor level of mechanization of forest enterprises and, particularly, the applied work methodologies, since directly and indirectly affecting forests growth and sustainability. The study was carried out in three provinces, Umbria, Lazio, Campania, through a sample of forest enterprises, to better analyse both the management organization and their real work activities in the forest. The investigation has essentially shown the lasting lack of accurate inspections and appropriate monitoring by all the competent organizations. This persistent gap should be filled up, according to the agreements stipulated by Italy both in the European Commission and Internationally, in order to concretely and better apply a sustainable management in Italian forests. An enhanced knowledge of this bond in the supply chain should bring remarkable improvements of forest workers safety and a better use of harvestable biomass. Finally the forest yards monitoring should permit to achieve silvicultural actions for environment and forest sustainability, and the possibility to schedule an increase of mechanization and technological innovations, as already common in other Countries. Dottorato di ricerca in Scienze e tecnologie per la gestione forestale e ambientale

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    Unitus DSpace
    Doctoral thesis . 2010
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  • Authors: Nigrelli G.; Paranunzio R.; Pensa R.; Sabatino M.; +2 Authors

    GeoClimAlp (Geomorphological impacts of Climate change in the Alps) is a research group of the CNR-IRPI established with the intent to deepen and improve the knowledge on the role of climate change in the morphogenesis of the alpine environment in general and of high-altitude environments in particular. The geological-morphological and climatic-hydrologic research fields are the main ones to be integrated in the scientific activities of the research group. The activities currently carried out by GeoClimAlp are mainly oriented on the study of natural instability processes occurring in mountain environments in general and at high-elevation sites in particular, with emphasis on changes taking place due to the climate change, and on related geohazards. For this type of activity, we have developed a web-based relational database that is able to store and manage data and information about: 1.the natural instability processes that occur at high-elevation sites 2.the main climatic parameters that are necessary for the study of these processes Data and information can be inserted into the database trough a simple web interface, trough a smartphone or a tablet. In this way, many informations can be acquired by the hikers, by the citizens and by others (rock climbers and mountain guides, alpine rescue team, park guards) directly on site, near where processes occur.

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