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数据中心高能耗问题大大阻碍了信息产业的发展,自然冷源利用是实现数据中心节能降耗的关键技术手段。文章以数据中心自然冷源利用为研究对象,确定了蒸发冷却间接供冷方式下自然冷源利用临界湿球温度的推荐值；分析了全国主要气候区自然冷源利用潜力；提出了自然冷源利用敏感性的概念；以夏热冬暖地区某典型数据中心为例进行了自然冷源利用的节能效果分析。结果表明：数据中心自然冷源利用的临界湿球温度上限为16℃时,全国大部分地区的自然冷源可利用率超过50%；温和地区自然冷源敏感性最高；夏热冬暖地区数据中心利用自然冷源时,全年综合COP值可提高23.7%,节能率为19.2%。

数据中心高能耗问题大大阻碍了信息产业的发展,自然冷源利用是实现数据中心节能降耗的关键技术手段。文章以数据中心自然冷源利用为研究对象,确定了蒸发冷却间接供冷方式下自然冷源利用临界湿球温度的推荐值；分析了全国主要气候区自然冷源利用潜力；提出了自然冷源利用敏感性的概念；以夏热冬暖地区某典型数据中心为例进行了自然冷源利用的节能效果分析。结果表明：数据中心自然冷源利用的临界湿球温度上限为16℃时,全国大部分地区的自然冷源可利用率超过50%；温和地区自然冷源敏感性最高；夏热冬暖地区数据中心利用自然冷源时,全年综合COP值可提高23.7%,节能率为19.2%。

随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的无线终端设备进入市场，无线通信的业务形式也变的更加多样化，同时频谱资源也变得越来越宝贵。为了提高频谱的利用效率和网络容量，近些年有科学工作者提出一种新技术Device-to-Device(D2D)通信，这是一种在蜂窝基站的控制下，允许无线终端设备通过复用小区频谱资源来进行直接通信的技术。D2D通信已经被证明可以大幅度提高频谱利用效率和网络容量，在很大程度上可以解决频谱资源匮乏的问题。 无线通信技术的快速发展，逐渐可以满足人们对通信高速率，大容量的需求，但是在很多情况下高品质的通信服务都是通过高能耗为代价换来的，这样就造成了电池寿命的变短。而D2D通信的能量优化问. ; With the development of science and technology, an increasing number of wireless devices enter the market and the form of wireless communication business becomes more diverse. At the same time, the spectrum resources become more and more valuable. In order to improve the spectrum resources efficiency and network capacity, in recent years, scientists have proposed a new technology which called D2D. ; 学位：工程硕士 ; 院系专业：信息科学与技术学院_工程硕士(电子与通信工程) ; 学号：23320131153260

随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的无线终端设备进入市场，无线通信的业务形式也变的更加多样化，同时频谱资源也变得越来越宝贵。为了提高频谱的利用效率和网络容量，近些年有科学工作者提出一种新技术Device-to-Device(D2D)通信，这是一种在蜂窝基站的控制下，允许无线终端设备通过复用小区频谱资源来进行直接通信的技术。D2D通信已经被证明可以大幅度提高频谱利用效率和网络容量，在很大程度上可以解决频谱资源匮乏的问题。 无线通信技术的快速发展，逐渐可以满足人们对通信高速率，大容量的需求，但是在很多情况下高品质的通信服务都是通过高能耗为代价换来的，这样就造成了电池寿命的变短。而D2D通信的能量优化问. ; With the development of science and technology, an increasing number of wireless devices enter the market and the form of wireless communication business becomes more diverse. At the same time, the spectrum resources become more and more valuable. In order to improve the spectrum resources efficiency and network capacity, in recent years, scientists have proposed a new technology which called D2D. ; 学位：工程硕士 ; 院系专业：信息科学与技术学院_工程硕士(电子与通信工程) ; 学号：23320131153260

义马煤业集团股份有限公司（以下称义煤集团）的主要业务板块包括煤炭、化工等，其中，煤炭板块是义煤集团的核心业务板块，对整个集团的发展具有举足轻重的作用。义煤集团在河南境内的煤炭生产集中在西部的义马矿区和东部的洛阳矿区共两个矿区。西部的义马矿区现有13对生产矿井，其中10对生产矿井通有准轨铁路专用线，与国铁5个车站接轨。义煤集团位于洛阳的东部矿区共9对矿井，规划年产能843万吨，无配套铁路专用线的矿井，加上河南省煤炭资源整合后在东部矿区又整合了数十对小煤矿，也都没有铁路专用线。这些小煤矿复工复产后，其煤炭销售和运输将成为制约企业发展的瓶颈。 河南国能黄河物流有限公司（以下称黄河物流），位于新安县. ; The main business of Yima Coal Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter refers to as Yima Coal Group ) covers coal, chemical industry etc., of which coal is its core business and plays a prominent role in the development of the whole group. Coal production of Yima Coal Group in Henan concentrates on two mining areas of western Yiam mining area and eastern Luoyang mining area. Western Yima mining area has 13 c. ; 学位：工商管理硕士 ; 院系专业：管理学院_工商管理硕士(高级管理人员工商管理硕士) ; 学号：X2012156186

义马煤业集团股份有限公司（以下称义煤集团）的主要业务板块包括煤炭、化工等，其中，煤炭板块是义煤集团的核心业务板块，对整个集团的发展具有举足轻重的作用。义煤集团在河南境内的煤炭生产集中在西部的义马矿区和东部的洛阳矿区共两个矿区。西部的义马矿区现有13对生产矿井，其中10对生产矿井通有准轨铁路专用线，与国铁5个车站接轨。义煤集团位于洛阳的东部矿区共9对矿井，规划年产能843万吨，无配套铁路专用线的矿井，加上河南省煤炭资源整合后在东部矿区又整合了数十对小煤矿，也都没有铁路专用线。这些小煤矿复工复产后，其煤炭销售和运输将成为制约企业发展的瓶颈。 河南国能黄河物流有限公司（以下称黄河物流），位于新安县. ; The main business of Yima Coal Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter refers to as Yima Coal Group ) covers coal, chemical industry etc., of which coal is its core business and plays a prominent role in the development of the whole group. Coal production of Yima Coal Group in Henan concentrates on two mining areas of western Yiam mining area and eastern Luoyang mining area. Western Yima mining area has 13 c. ; 学位：工商管理硕士 ; 院系专业：管理学院_工商管理硕士(高级管理人员工商管理硕士) ; 学号：X2012156186

催化氧还原反应的电催化剂是燃料电池的一个重要组成部分. 从分子尺度研究催化氧还原反应中所涉及的表界面反应机理，不仅有利于深入理解催化机理，更有利于指导人们合理地设计新型的电催化剂. 本文结合近年来国内外的研究工作，概述了通过扫描隧道显微镜研究燃料电池内部催化氧还原反应过程中所涉及的表面形貌变化、单分子结构变化、中间体的观测以及反应产物调控等方面最新进展，并展望了该研究领域的发展趋势. ; An electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important component for fuel cells. An investigation at interfacial electrochemical reactions toward ORR at a molecular scale benefits mechanistic understanding as well as rational design of catalysts. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been proven to be a powerful tool to monitor chemical reactions and to provide in-situ information about the interfacial electrochemical reactions at a molecular level. This review summarizes the recent STM studies in monitoring the interface processes such as morphological changes, molecular changes, reaction intermediates, and oxidation products. The prospects of future development in this field are outlined. ; 国家自然科学基金项目（21233010, 21373236, 21127901, 21573252）资助 ; 作者联系地址：1. 中国科学院化学研究所, 中国科学院分子纳米结构与纳米技术重点实验室, 北京 100190; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 ; Author's Address: 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ; 通讯作者E-mail：wangd@iccas.ac.cn; wanlijun@iccas.ac.cn

催化氧还原反应的电催化剂是燃料电池的一个重要组成部分. 从分子尺度研究催化氧还原反应中所涉及的表界面反应机理，不仅有利于深入理解催化机理，更有利于指导人们合理地设计新型的电催化剂. 本文结合近年来国内外的研究工作，概述了通过扫描隧道显微镜研究燃料电池内部催化氧还原反应过程中所涉及的表面形貌变化、单分子结构变化、中间体的观测以及反应产物调控等方面最新进展，并展望了该研究领域的发展趋势. ; An electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important component for fuel cells. An investigation at interfacial electrochemical reactions toward ORR at a molecular scale benefits mechanistic understanding as well as rational design of catalysts. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been proven to be a powerful tool to monitor chemical reactions and to provide in-situ information about the interfacial electrochemical reactions at a molecular level. This review summarizes the recent STM studies in monitoring the interface processes such as morphological changes, molecular changes, reaction intermediates, and oxidation products. The prospects of future development in this field are outlined. ; 国家自然科学基金项目（21233010, 21373236, 21127901, 21573252）资助 ; 作者联系地址：1. 中国科学院化学研究所, 中国科学院分子纳米结构与纳米技术重点实验室, 北京 100190; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 ; Author's Address: 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ; 通讯作者E-mail：wangd@iccas.ac.cn; wanlijun@iccas.ac.cn

燃料电池作为能源转换装置能够高效地将化学能转化为电能，随着技术的发展人们将其作为反应器来完成高附加值的化学品的合成，同时产生一定的电能. 燃料电池反应器因具有反应条件温和、反应过程可控、产物选择性高、能源利用效率高等特点，而被广泛地应用于医药中间体的制备、气体分离、水处理等多个领域. 本文首先按照反应器中阴阳极区域发生反应的类型进行分类，介绍燃料电池反应器在化学品与电能联产中的研究现状和研究进展. 随后描述了燃料电池反应器中存在的问题，并依照催化剂、反应过程等方向对解决方案进行探讨. 最后，对几种新型燃料电池反应器的研究进行了简要的介绍并对其发展做出了展望. ; As an energy conversion device, fuel cells can efficiently convert chemical energy into electrical energy. With the developing of technology, it is used as a reactor to conduct the synthesis of high value-added chemicals while generating electrical energy. Having benefits such as mild reaction conditions, controllability of the reaction process, high selectivity of the product, as well as high efficiency of energy utilization, it is widely used in many fields such as preparation of high value-added industrial products, gas separation, water treatment, etc. This paper introduces the current trends and statuses of fuel cell reactors in the cogeneration of chemicals and electric energy according to the reduction reaction at the cathode and the oxidation reaction of the anode. The problems related to the fuel cell reactor are described, and possible solutions are discussed in terms of the catalyst research, process research and others. Finally, the research in several new fuel cell reactors is briefly introduced and its development is prospected. ; 国家自然科学基金（No. 21875138）资助 ; 作者联系地址：1. 上海交通大学化学工程系 上海电化学能源器件工程技术研究中心，上海 200240； 2. Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1W5, Canada ; Author's Address: 1. Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; 2. Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center,National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1W5, Canada ; 通讯作者E-mail：zfma@sjtu.edu.cn

燃料电池作为能源转换装置能够高效地将化学能转化为电能，随着技术的发展人们将其作为反应器来完成高附加值的化学品的合成，同时产生一定的电能. 燃料电池反应器因具有反应条件温和、反应过程可控、产物选择性高、能源利用效率高等特点，而被广泛地应用于医药中间体的制备、气体分离、水处理等多个领域. 本文首先按照反应器中阴阳极区域发生反应的类型进行分类，介绍燃料电池反应器在化学品与电能联产中的研究现状和研究进展. 随后描述了燃料电池反应器中存在的问题，并依照催化剂、反应过程等方向对解决方案进行探讨. 最后，对几种新型燃料电池反应器的研究进行了简要的介绍并对其发展做出了展望. ; As an energy conversion device, fuel cells can efficiently convert chemical energy into electrical energy. With the developing of technology, it is used as a reactor to conduct the synthesis of high value-added chemicals while generating electrical energy. Having benefits such as mild reaction conditions, controllability of the reaction process, high selectivity of the product, as well as high efficiency of energy utilization, it is widely used in many fields such as preparation of high value-added industrial products, gas separation, water treatment, etc. This paper introduces the current trends and statuses of fuel cell reactors in the cogeneration of chemicals and electric energy according to the reduction reaction at the cathode and the oxidation reaction of the anode. The problems related to the fuel cell reactor are described, and possible solutions are discussed in terms of the catalyst research, process research and others. Finally, the research in several new fuel cell reactors is briefly introduced and its development is prospected. ; 国家自然科学基金（No. 21875138）资助 ; 作者联系地址：1. 上海交通大学化学工程系 上海电化学能源器件工程技术研究中心，上海 200240； 2. Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1W5, Canada ; Author's Address: 1. Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; 2. Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center,National Research Council Canada, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1W5, Canada ; 通讯作者E-mail：zfma@sjtu.edu.cn

三沙湾位于福建省东北部，由东冲半岛和鉴江半岛环抱而成，总面积为720.36km2。湾内港湾和岛屿众多，主要有官井洋、东吾洋、覆鼎洋、三都澳等。三沙湾水域面积广阔，水产资源非常丰富。但由于过度捕捞、水质污染以及围垦等海洋开发活动，湾内资源组成和结构遭到破坏，众多经济鱼类资源严重衰退。增殖放流作为补充渔业资源，修复生态环境的直接手段，通过向天然水体投放人工繁育的鱼、虾、蟹等苗种，以达到改善群体结构和生态系统结构，实现生态效益和经济效益的目的。如何筛选适宜的增殖放流物种，确定合理的增殖放流量，掌握放流相关技术并进行后续跟踪分析，是确保增殖放流有效的重要内容。本研究通过构建三沙湾Ecopath模型，从. ; Sanshan bay is located in the northeast of Fujian Province, which is surrounded by the Dongchong peninsula and Jianjiang peninsula. It has a total area of 720.36 km2. It has many harbors and islands which include GuanJingyang, Dongwuyang, Fudingyang, Sanduao. Sanshan bay has a vast water area and rich aquatic resources. But the composition and structure of Sanshan bay’s resources are destroyed by . ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：环境与生态学院_生态学 ; 学号：33120141151679

三沙湾位于福建省东北部，由东冲半岛和鉴江半岛环抱而成，总面积为720.36km2。湾内港湾和岛屿众多，主要有官井洋、东吾洋、覆鼎洋、三都澳等。三沙湾水域面积广阔，水产资源非常丰富。但由于过度捕捞、水质污染以及围垦等海洋开发活动，湾内资源组成和结构遭到破坏，众多经济鱼类资源严重衰退。增殖放流作为补充渔业资源，修复生态环境的直接手段，通过向天然水体投放人工繁育的鱼、虾、蟹等苗种，以达到改善群体结构和生态系统结构，实现生态效益和经济效益的目的。如何筛选适宜的增殖放流物种，确定合理的增殖放流量，掌握放流相关技术并进行后续跟踪分析，是确保增殖放流有效的重要内容。本研究通过构建三沙湾Ecopath模型，从. ; Sanshan bay is located in the northeast of Fujian Province, which is surrounded by the Dongchong peninsula and Jianjiang peninsula. It has a total area of 720.36 km2. It has many harbors and islands which include GuanJingyang, Dongwuyang, Fudingyang, Sanduao. Sanshan bay has a vast water area and rich aquatic resources. But the composition and structure of Sanshan bay’s resources are destroyed by . ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：环境与生态学院_生态学 ; 学号：33120141151679