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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Remme, Uwe;

    Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden globalen Energiebedarfs und der Gefahr einer anthropogenen Störung des Klimasystems durch die Emission von Treibhausgasen gilt es, tragfähige Strategien und Perspektiven für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung zu entwickeln. Der verstärkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien wird dabei vielfach eine Schlüsselrolle zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen zugesprochen. Einer weit verbreiteten Ausschöpfung der auch in Deutschland in großem Maße verfügbaren Potenzialen an regenerativen Energieträgern stehen jedoch häufig noch die damit verbundenen hohen Kosten im Vergleich zu fossilen Energieträgern entgegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher zu untersuchen, welchen Beitrag erneuerbare Energieträger in einem wettbewerblichen Marktumfeld langfristig zur Energieversorgung leisten können und in welchem Umfang erneuerbare Energieträger durch die Internalisierung der Treibhausgasvermeidungskosten in den Energiepreisen profitieren können. Zur Bewertung der Rolle erneuerbarer Energieträger sind mit Blick auf das Gesamtenergiesystem Interdependenzen zwischen der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energieträger und den übrigen Sektoren des Energiesystems zu berücksichtigen. Neben der Vernetzung des Energiesystems in horizontaler Richtung durch Prozessketten über Sektoren hinweg und in vertikaler Richtung durch die Konkurrenz regenerativer mit fossilen Energietechnologien sind dabei auch Kopplungen über Energiepreise, deren Höhe über die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer regenerativen Energietechnologie entscheidet, sowie die energie- und preisseitigen Effekte durch Einführung energiepolitischer Instrumente zu beachten. Aufgrund dieser Systemzusammenhänge wird daher ein auf dem Ansatz der linearen Programmierung basierendes intertemporales Energiesystemmodell verwendet, in dem die Energiewirtschaft Deutschlands von der Primär- bis zur Nutzenergie technologisch detailliert abgebildet und hinsichtlich der Systemkosten optimiert wird. Um die Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Energiesystems aufzuzeigen, werden sich z. T. ergänzende methodische Verfahren entwickelt und eingesetzt. Neben einem Bilanzierungsmodell zur Ermittlung von die Prozessvorketten berücksichtigender Indikatoren zählen hierzu ein auf der Dualitätstheorie beruhendes Verfahren zur Dekomposition der Energie- und Zertifikatspreise, Methoden der Sensitivitätsanalyse zur Ermittlung der fundamentalen preisbestimmenden Faktoren und Techniken der parametrischen Programmierung, um neben Variationen der Modelleingangsdaten Treibhausgasvermeidungskostenkurven und Angebotskurven regenerativ erzeugten Stroms unter Berücksichtigung der systemaren Zusammenhänge im Energiesektor abzuleiten. Mit Hilfe des entwickelten Energiesystemmodells und der Analysemethoden werden die zukünftigen Entwicklungsperspektiven erneuerbarer Energien im deutschen Energiesystem bis zum Jahr 2050 szenariogestützt untersucht. In den Szenarien werden einerseits die mit einer Quote erneuerbarer Energien in der Stromerzeugung verbundenen energie-, kosten- und emissionsseitigen Auswirkungen betrachtet und andererseits der Beitrag erneuerbarer Energien in Konkurrenz mit alternativen Minderungsoptionen zur Erreichung von Treibhausgasminderungszielen dargestellt. Weiterhin werden in simultanen Variationen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen beiden Instrumenten und ihre Auswirkungen speziell auf die Stromerzeugungsstruktur und die Strompreise beleuchtet. Against the background of an increasing global energy demand and the danger of an anthropogenic disturbance of the climate system by the emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to develop sustainable strategies and perspectives for the future energy system. The increased usage of renewable sources is identified from many sides as a key element in strategies to overcome these challenges. However, a widely utilisation of the also in Germany large existing potentials of renewable energy carriers is currently still opposed by the associated high costs relative to fossil energy sources. The intention of the submitted thesis is to analyse the contribution of renewable energy sources in the long-run under competitive market conditions to the energy supply and to study the extent to which renewable energy sources can benefit from the internalisation of greenhouse gas abatement costs in the energy prices. To assess the role of renewable energy sources in the context of the entire energy system, interdependencies between the utilisation of renewable energy sources with other aspects and sectors of the energy system have to be taken into account. In addition to the interconnectedness of the energy system in the horizontal direction by process chains across sectors and in the vertical direction by the competition of renewable with conventional fossil technologies also the linkage by energy prices, which serve as benchmark for the competitiveness of a renewable energy technology, and the energy and price related effects caused by the introduction of policy instruments have to be considered. Due to these interactions within the system, a linear programming based dynamic energy system model is used, which depicts technologically detailed the German energy sector from the primary energy supply to the end-use energy demand side and optimises the energy system with respect to its total costs. In order to reveal the interactions and dependencies within the energy system, several partially complementary methodologies have been developed and applied to the model. Apart from a balance model that allows the calculation of specific indicators under consideration of previous process chains, the methodology comprises a method for decomposing energy and certificate prices based on the duality theory, the method of sensitivity analysis to identify the fundamental price-determining activities and parametric programming techniques to derive greenhouse gas abatement cost curves and renewable electricity supply cost curves. With the help of the developed energy system model and analysis tools, the future development perspectives of renewable energy in the German energy system until the year 2050 are studied in various scenarios. In these scenarios, on the one side the energy-, cost- and emission related effects associated with a quota for the electricity production from renewable sources are studied, on the other side the contribution of renewable energy sources to given greenhouse gas abatement targets in competition with alternative abatement measures is examined. Furthermore the interdependencies between these two policy instruments on each other and their effects on the structure of the electricity sector and on the electricity prices are highlighted.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hochschulschriftense...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2006
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hochschulschriftense...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2006
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Remme, Uwe;

    Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden globalen Energiebedarfs und der Gefahr einer anthropogenen Störung des Klimasystems durch die Emission von Treibhausgasen gilt es, tragfähige Strategien und Perspektiven für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung zu entwickeln. Der verstärkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien wird dabei vielfach eine Schlüsselrolle zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen zugesprochen. Einer weit verbreiteten Ausschöpfung der auch in Deutschland in großem Maße verfügbaren Potenzialen an regenerativen Energieträgern stehen jedoch häufig noch die damit verbundenen hohen Kosten im Vergleich zu fossilen Energieträgern entgegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher zu untersuchen, welchen Beitrag erneuerbare Energieträger in einem wettbewerblichen Marktumfeld langfristig zur Energieversorgung leisten können und in welchem Umfang erneuerbare Energieträger durch die Internalisierung der Treibhausgasvermeidungskosten in den Energiepreisen profitieren können. Zur Bewertung der Rolle erneuerbarer Energieträger sind mit Blick auf das Gesamtenergiesystem Interdependenzen zwischen der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energieträger und den übrigen Sektoren des Energiesystems zu berücksichtigen. Neben der Vernetzung des Energiesystems in horizontaler Richtung durch Prozessketten über Sektoren hinweg und in vertikaler Richtung durch die Konkurrenz regenerativer mit fossilen Energietechnologien sind dabei auch Kopplungen über Energiepreise, deren Höhe über die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer regenerativen Energietechnologie entscheidet, sowie die energie- und preisseitigen Effekte durch Einführung energiepolitischer Instrumente zu beachten. Aufgrund dieser Systemzusammenhänge wird daher ein auf dem Ansatz der linearen Programmierung basierendes intertemporales Energiesystemmodell verwendet, in dem die Energiewirtschaft Deutschlands von der Primär- bis zur Nutzenergie technologisch detailliert abgebildet und hinsichtlich der Systemkosten optimiert wird. Um die Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Energiesystems aufzuzeigen, werden sich z. T. ergänzende methodische Verfahren entwickelt und eingesetzt. Neben einem Bilanzierungsmodell zur Ermittlung von die Prozessvorketten berücksichtigender Indikatoren zählen hierzu ein auf der Dualitätstheorie beruhendes Verfahren zur Dekomposition der Energie- und Zertifikatspreise, Methoden der Sensitivitätsanalyse zur Ermittlung der fundamentalen preisbestimmenden Faktoren und Techniken der parametrischen Programmierung, um neben Variationen der Modelleingangsdaten Treibhausgasvermeidungskostenkurven und Angebotskurven regenerativ erzeugten Stroms unter Berücksichtigung der systemaren Zusammenhänge im Energiesektor abzuleiten. Mit Hilfe des entwickelten Energiesystemmodells und der Analysemethoden werden die zukünftigen Entwicklungsperspektiven erneuerbarer Energien im deutschen Energiesystem bis zum Jahr 2050 szenariogestützt untersucht. In den Szenarien werden einerseits die mit einer Quote erneuerbarer Energien in der Stromerzeugung verbundenen energie-, kosten- und emissionsseitigen Auswirkungen betrachtet und andererseits der Beitrag erneuerbarer Energien in Konkurrenz mit alternativen Minderungsoptionen zur Erreichung von Treibhausgasminderungszielen dargestellt. Weiterhin werden in simultanen Variationen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen beiden Instrumenten und ihre Auswirkungen speziell auf die Stromerzeugungsstruktur und die Strompreise beleuchtet. Against the background of an increasing global energy demand and the danger of an anthropogenic disturbance of the climate system by the emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to develop sustainable strategies and perspectives for the future energy system. The increased usage of renewable sources is identified from many sides as a key element in strategies to overcome these challenges. However, a widely utilisation of the also in Germany large existing potentials of renewable energy carriers is currently still opposed by the associated high costs relative to fossil energy sources. The intention of the submitted thesis is to analyse the contribution of renewable energy sources in the long-run under competitive market conditions to the energy supply and to study the extent to which renewable energy sources can benefit from the internalisation of greenhouse gas abatement costs in the energy prices. To assess the role of renewable energy sources in the context of the entire energy system, interdependencies between the utilisation of renewable energy sources with other aspects and sectors of the energy system have to be taken into account. In addition to the interconnectedness of the energy system in the horizontal direction by process chains across sectors and in the vertical direction by the competition of renewable with conventional fossil technologies also the linkage by energy prices, which serve as benchmark for the competitiveness of a renewable energy technology, and the energy and price related effects caused by the introduction of policy instruments have to be considered. Due to these interactions within the system, a linear programming based dynamic energy system model is used, which depicts technologically detailed the German energy sector from the primary energy supply to the end-use energy demand side and optimises the energy system with respect to its total costs. In order to reveal the interactions and dependencies within the energy system, several partially complementary methodologies have been developed and applied to the model. Apart from a balance model that allows the calculation of specific indicators under consideration of previous process chains, the methodology comprises a method for decomposing energy and certificate prices based on the duality theory, the method of sensitivity analysis to identify the fundamental price-determining activities and parametric programming techniques to derive greenhouse gas abatement cost curves and renewable electricity supply cost curves. With the help of the developed energy system model and analysis tools, the future development perspectives of renewable energy in the German energy system until the year 2050 are studied in various scenarios. In these scenarios, on the one side the energy-, cost- and emission related effects associated with a quota for the electricity production from renewable sources are studied, on the other side the contribution of renewable energy sources to given greenhouse gas abatement targets in competition with alternative abatement measures is examined. Furthermore the interdependencies between these two policy instruments on each other and their effects on the structure of the electricity sector and on the electricity prices are highlighted.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hochschulschriftense...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2006
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hochschulschriftense...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2006
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Haas, Stefan;

    Bauherren formulieren immer ��fter den Wunsch nach einem gesunden Wohnumfeld. Aufgrund von verf��gbarem Materialwissen und Baustoffinformationssystemen sind Planer mittlerweile in der Lage, materialspezifische Anforderungen zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen abzuleiten. Aktuell gibt es jedoch keine standardisierten Vorgehensstrategien und Hilfen, die den Planer bei der Umsetzung der daraus entstehenden prozessbezogenen Herausforderungen unterst��tzen. Schadstoffarme Projekte werden h��ufig als Individualwerk, mit immer wieder neu konzipierten Abl��ufen, von Experten durchgef��hrt. Bereits entwickelte Expertenl��sungen verbleiben als exklusives Wissen bei wenigen Fachplanern. Nur einzelne Teilprozesse sind als Strategiewissen f��r alle verf��gbar. Somit bleiben zu viele Fragen und Unsicherheiten zur Planung und Bauausf��hrung offen, Experten sind nach wie vor notwendig, wenn besonders schadstoffarm gebaut werden soll. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer prozessbezogenen Vorgehensstrategie zur Qualit��tssicherung des schadstoffarmen Planens und Bauens. Eine praxisnahe Systematik soll ���neue��� Abl��ufe und Zusammenh��nge f��r Planer aufzeigen, um fr��hzeitig Risiken zu vermeiden. Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie zu theoretischen Risikomodellen und beispielhaften Bauteilbetrachtungen wird eine qualitative Studie mit der Methode der Experteninterviews durchgef��hrt, um Expertenwissen und deren Planungswissen zu explizieren und f��r die Ergebniserstellung zu interpretieren. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung werden sieben sog. ���neue��� Kernprozesse zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen definiert und mit Checklisten hinterlegt. Um aufzuzeigen, wie der theoretische Ansatz in eine praxisnahe Anwendung ��berf��hrt werden muss, folgt eine zweite Ausarbeitungsstufe. In dieser werden die Modelle und die Checklisten zu einem Strategiemuster zusammengef��hrt. F��r zwei Bauteile k��nnen hiernach eine Bauteilmatrix, Bauteilmuster und Hilfetexte erstellt werden. Die entwickelte Vorgehensstrategie stellt eine praxisnahe Planungshilfe zur Qualit��tssicherung dar und besteht aus folgenden 4 Ebenen: - Ebene E.1 ���Strategiemuster��� - ��berblick Risikobereiche. - Ebene E.2 ���Bauteilmuster��� - Vergleichsm��glichkeit Bauteile. - Ebene E.3 ���Bauteilmatrix��� - Kurzhinweise Risiken. - Ebene E.4 ���Strategiebl��tter��� - Handlungsanweisung. Clients more and more ask for healthy living and working environments. Planers see themselves challenged to fulfill these requests. They benefit from product information, which aims to support them, and which evolves ongoing. But nevertheless, currently, there are no standardized and freely accessible procedural strategies and aids, supporting the planner in implementing these specified requirements in planning and construction processes. Project management is often carried by an individual with him constantly redesigned processes. This comes with a large number of questions and uncertainties in regards to planning and construction, resulting in the consultation of an expert. The aim of the following research work is the development of a process-related strategy, which helps to qualitatively manage planning and construction processes of environmentally-friendly projects, projects that contain fewer pollutants. New processes are to modeled in step with actual practice in order to avoid risks early enough. Based on a preliminary study of theoretical risk models and exemplary construction components, a qualitative study helps to explicate expert knowledge and strategies by using the method of expert interviews. As a research result, seven so-called "new" key processes are defined for the planning and construction of projects with fewer pollutants. These results are displayed as two-dimensional models in various levels of detail and are supplemented by so-called checklists. In order to transmit these theoretical approaches into a practical application, a strategy pattern is developed out of the models and the checklists. In addition, this pattern is verified du to an exemplification with the examples of two external walls. As a result, a matrix as well as a pattern for each construction element can be deviated. Due to the complementation by additional information and the design of a so called strategic data sheet, the scheme and its elements for the quality management system can be identified and defined as the following: - Level 1 E.1 ���Strategy Pattern��� - overview risks. - Level 2 E.2 ���Construction Element Matrix��� - comparison of constructions. - Level 3 E.3 ���Construction Element Pattern��� - key information. - Level 4 E.4 ���Strategic Data Sheet��� - additional information.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
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    Doctoral thesis . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
      Doctoral thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Authors: Haas, Stefan;

    Bauherren formulieren immer ��fter den Wunsch nach einem gesunden Wohnumfeld. Aufgrund von verf��gbarem Materialwissen und Baustoffinformationssystemen sind Planer mittlerweile in der Lage, materialspezifische Anforderungen zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen abzuleiten. Aktuell gibt es jedoch keine standardisierten Vorgehensstrategien und Hilfen, die den Planer bei der Umsetzung der daraus entstehenden prozessbezogenen Herausforderungen unterst��tzen. Schadstoffarme Projekte werden h��ufig als Individualwerk, mit immer wieder neu konzipierten Abl��ufen, von Experten durchgef��hrt. Bereits entwickelte Expertenl��sungen verbleiben als exklusives Wissen bei wenigen Fachplanern. Nur einzelne Teilprozesse sind als Strategiewissen f��r alle verf��gbar. Somit bleiben zu viele Fragen und Unsicherheiten zur Planung und Bauausf��hrung offen, Experten sind nach wie vor notwendig, wenn besonders schadstoffarm gebaut werden soll. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer prozessbezogenen Vorgehensstrategie zur Qualit��tssicherung des schadstoffarmen Planens und Bauens. Eine praxisnahe Systematik soll ���neue��� Abl��ufe und Zusammenh��nge f��r Planer aufzeigen, um fr��hzeitig Risiken zu vermeiden. Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie zu theoretischen Risikomodellen und beispielhaften Bauteilbetrachtungen wird eine qualitative Studie mit der Methode der Experteninterviews durchgef��hrt, um Expertenwissen und deren Planungswissen zu explizieren und f��r die Ergebniserstellung zu interpretieren. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung werden sieben sog. ���neue��� Kernprozesse zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen definiert und mit Checklisten hinterlegt. Um aufzuzeigen, wie der theoretische Ansatz in eine praxisnahe Anwendung ��berf��hrt werden muss, folgt eine zweite Ausarbeitungsstufe. In dieser werden die Modelle und die Checklisten zu einem Strategiemuster zusammengef��hrt. F��r zwei Bauteile k��nnen hiernach eine Bauteilmatrix, Bauteilmuster und Hilfetexte erstellt werden. Die entwickelte Vorgehensstrategie stellt eine praxisnahe Planungshilfe zur Qualit��tssicherung dar und besteht aus folgenden 4 Ebenen: - Ebene E.1 ���Strategiemuster��� - ��berblick Risikobereiche. - Ebene E.2 ���Bauteilmuster��� - Vergleichsm��glichkeit Bauteile. - Ebene E.3 ���Bauteilmatrix��� - Kurzhinweise Risiken. - Ebene E.4 ���Strategiebl��tter��� - Handlungsanweisung. Clients more and more ask for healthy living and working environments. Planers see themselves challenged to fulfill these requests. They benefit from product information, which aims to support them, and which evolves ongoing. But nevertheless, currently, there are no standardized and freely accessible procedural strategies and aids, supporting the planner in implementing these specified requirements in planning and construction processes. Project management is often carried by an individual with him constantly redesigned processes. This comes with a large number of questions and uncertainties in regards to planning and construction, resulting in the consultation of an expert. The aim of the following research work is the development of a process-related strategy, which helps to qualitatively manage planning and construction processes of environmentally-friendly projects, projects that contain fewer pollutants. New processes are to modeled in step with actual practice in order to avoid risks early enough. Based on a preliminary study of theoretical risk models and exemplary construction components, a qualitative study helps to explicate expert knowledge and strategies by using the method of expert interviews. As a research result, seven so-called "new" key processes are defined for the planning and construction of projects with fewer pollutants. These results are displayed as two-dimensional models in various levels of detail and are supplemented by so-called checklists. In order to transmit these theoretical approaches into a practical application, a strategy pattern is developed out of the models and the checklists. In addition, this pattern is verified du to an exemplification with the examples of two external walls. As a result, a matrix as well as a pattern for each construction element can be deviated. Due to the complementation by additional information and the design of a so called strategic data sheet, the scheme and its elements for the quality management system can be identified and defined as the following: - Level 1 E.1 ���Strategy Pattern��� - overview risks. - Level 2 E.2 ���Construction Element Matrix��� - comparison of constructions. - Level 3 E.3 ���Construction Element Pattern��� - key information. - Level 4 E.4 ���Strategic Data Sheet��� - additional information.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
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    Authors: König, Andreas;

    Die energetische Nutzung von Biomasse umfasst eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen und alternativen Pfaden zur Endenergiebereitstellung. Feste, flüssige und gasförmige Bioenergieträger können über thermische, thermo-chemische, physikalisch-chemische und biologisch-chemische Konversionsverfahren alternativ in Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoffe überführt werden. Dabei stehen der Möglichkeit durch die Biomassenutzung einen Beitrag zur Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen (THG-Emissionen) und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger zu leisten, erhöhte Kosten im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Bereitstellungsverfahren gegenüber. Zudem gilt im Hinblick auf einen Ausbau der Bioenergie zu berücksichtigen, dass trotz des regenerativen Charakters der Biomasse als erneuerbare Energiequelle, die Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale in Deutschland begrenzt sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Analyse und Bewertung unterschiedlicher energetischer Nutzungspfade von Biomasse unter technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Gesichtspunkten vor dem Hintergrund energie- und umweltpolitischer Zielsetzungen einerseits und der Biomassepotenziale in Deutschland andererseits. Dafür wurden für eine Auswahl an heute und zukünftig wichtigen Prozessketten der Energieträgerproduktion und -nutzung sowohl Energie- und Stoffstrombilanzen erstellt als auch die Kosten der Energiegestehung berechnet. Anhand der unterschiedlichen daraus ableitbaren technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Aspekte erfolgt eine umfassende Bewertung der Nutzungspfade. Im Hinblick auf die Konkurrenz zu anderen erneuerbaren und den konventionellen Verfahren der Energiebereitstellung im Energiesystem Deutschland wurden die Nutzungsoptionen für Biomasse anhand einer modellgestützten Szenarioanalyse zudem systemisch bewertet. Durch die Analyse und Bewertung konnten vorteilhafte Nutzungspfade für die Endenergiebereitstellung aus Biomasse im Hinblick auf eine effiziente Biomassenutzung und eine kostengünstige Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen identifiziert werden. Es zeigt sich, dass die Wärmebereitstellung im Hinblick auf die Gesamtheit der hier untersuchten Aspekte die vorteilhafteste Nutzungsoption darstellt. Sie ist aufgrund der höheren Effizienz bei der Biomasseumwandlung sowohl der KWK-Nutzung von Festbrennstoffen als auch der Bereitstellung gasförmiger Kraftstoffe vorzuziehen. Demgegenüber erweisen sich sowohl die Bereitstellung von Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation, wie z. B. Biodiesel aus Raps und Ethanol aus Zuckerrüben, als auch die Nutzung von Biogas mit geringen Wärmenutzungsgraden als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Es zeigt sich deutlich, dass der Effizienz der Biomassebereitstellung und -konversion vor den hier erarbeiteten Ergebnissen eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit bei der zukünftigen Bioenergienutzung in Deutschland zukommen sollte, da diese nicht nur einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Gesamteffizienz der Nutzungspfade sondern auch auf andere Aspekte, wie z. B. die spezifischen Emissionen und das Substitutionspotenzial für fossile Energieträger aufweist. Zudem wird klar, dass insbesondere bei den Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation eine verstärkte energetische Nutzung der Koppelprodukte zur Verbesserung der Energiebilanz erfolgen sollte. Ohne die Koppelproduktnutzung erweisen sich die Gesamteffizienzen dieser Prozessketten als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Die hier erarbeiteten Ergebnisse zeigen überdies, dass durch die Nutzung heimischer Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale ein nennenswerter und vergleichsweise kostengünstiger Beitrag zur Minderung der energiebedingten THG-Emissionen und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger im Energiesystem Deutschland geleistet werden kann. Rund 1.097 PJ/a an Endenergie in Form von Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoff können bei einer konsequenten Verfolgung der Klimaschutzziele bis zum Jahr 2030 durch Biomasse bereitgestellt werden. Damit kann in Deutschland im Jahr 2030 ein Anteil der heimischen Biomasse am Primärenergieverbrauch von rund 14,0 % und ein Anteil der Bioenergie am Endenergieverbrauch von 11,1 % erreicht werden. The energetic utilization of biomass comprises many different and alternative pathways for the provision of different kinds of end energy. Solid, liquid and gaseous bioenergy carriers can be transferred to heat, power and transport fuels via thermal, thermo-chemical, physio-chemical and bio-chemical conversion technologies. The preferable characteristics of biomass utilization, such as the possibility to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels, compete against the relatively high costs compared to conventional energy provision technologies. Additionally, the potentials of biomass and agricultural area for energy crop production in Germany are limited. The aim of this study is therefore the analysis and assessment of different energetic utilization pathways of biomass under technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of energy and environment policy goals on the one hand and the limited biomass potential on the other hand. For a sample of current and prospective important process chains of the production and utilization of bioenergy carriers the energy and mass flows were balanced. In addition the energy provision costs were calculated. The following step was the integration of the different technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of a comprehensive assessment. With regard to the competition to other renewable energies and to the conventional methods of energy supply in the energy system of Germany the utilization options were systematically assessed by means of a model based approach. Due to the analysis and assessment favourable utilization pathways for the energy provision from biomass could be identified. The results show, that the heat provision has to be evaluated as the most favourable utilization option under technical, economical and ecological aspects. Due to higher efficiencies of the biomass conversion the heat provision is more preferable than the CHP use of solid biomass as well as the provision of gaseous fuels. In contrast to that, the provision of 1st generation bio fuels, e. g. biodiesel from rapeseed and ethanol from sugar beet as well as the utilization of biogas with low heat use, has to be assessed rather less favourable. Given the presented results, the efficiency of the biomass production and conversion should play a major role in the future configuration of bioenergy in the energy system of Germany due to the high influence on the overall efficiency of the process chains and other aspects like the specific emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels. Like the efficiency the energetic utilization of by products, especially in the case of the production of 1st generation biofuels should be enhanced to improve the energy balance of these pathways. The results affirm that the utilization of national biomass and land area potentials can contribute considerably and relatively cost efficient to the reduction of GHG emissions and the substitution of fossil energy carriers. About 1,097 PJ per year in form of heat, power and transport fuels can be provided when the optimistic GHG reduction targets till 2030 will be met. In this case the national biomass shows a share of 14.0 % of primary energy demand and 11.1 % of end energy consumption.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2009
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
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    Authors: König, Andreas;

    Die energetische Nutzung von Biomasse umfasst eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen und alternativen Pfaden zur Endenergiebereitstellung. Feste, flüssige und gasförmige Bioenergieträger können über thermische, thermo-chemische, physikalisch-chemische und biologisch-chemische Konversionsverfahren alternativ in Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoffe überführt werden. Dabei stehen der Möglichkeit durch die Biomassenutzung einen Beitrag zur Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen (THG-Emissionen) und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger zu leisten, erhöhte Kosten im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Bereitstellungsverfahren gegenüber. Zudem gilt im Hinblick auf einen Ausbau der Bioenergie zu berücksichtigen, dass trotz des regenerativen Charakters der Biomasse als erneuerbare Energiequelle, die Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale in Deutschland begrenzt sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Analyse und Bewertung unterschiedlicher energetischer Nutzungspfade von Biomasse unter technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Gesichtspunkten vor dem Hintergrund energie- und umweltpolitischer Zielsetzungen einerseits und der Biomassepotenziale in Deutschland andererseits. Dafür wurden für eine Auswahl an heute und zukünftig wichtigen Prozessketten der Energieträgerproduktion und -nutzung sowohl Energie- und Stoffstrombilanzen erstellt als auch die Kosten der Energiegestehung berechnet. Anhand der unterschiedlichen daraus ableitbaren technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Aspekte erfolgt eine umfassende Bewertung der Nutzungspfade. Im Hinblick auf die Konkurrenz zu anderen erneuerbaren und den konventionellen Verfahren der Energiebereitstellung im Energiesystem Deutschland wurden die Nutzungsoptionen für Biomasse anhand einer modellgestützten Szenarioanalyse zudem systemisch bewertet. Durch die Analyse und Bewertung konnten vorteilhafte Nutzungspfade für die Endenergiebereitstellung aus Biomasse im Hinblick auf eine effiziente Biomassenutzung und eine kostengünstige Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen identifiziert werden. Es zeigt sich, dass die Wärmebereitstellung im Hinblick auf die Gesamtheit der hier untersuchten Aspekte die vorteilhafteste Nutzungsoption darstellt. Sie ist aufgrund der höheren Effizienz bei der Biomasseumwandlung sowohl der KWK-Nutzung von Festbrennstoffen als auch der Bereitstellung gasförmiger Kraftstoffe vorzuziehen. Demgegenüber erweisen sich sowohl die Bereitstellung von Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation, wie z. B. Biodiesel aus Raps und Ethanol aus Zuckerrüben, als auch die Nutzung von Biogas mit geringen Wärmenutzungsgraden als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Es zeigt sich deutlich, dass der Effizienz der Biomassebereitstellung und -konversion vor den hier erarbeiteten Ergebnissen eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit bei der zukünftigen Bioenergienutzung in Deutschland zukommen sollte, da diese nicht nur einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Gesamteffizienz der Nutzungspfade sondern auch auf andere Aspekte, wie z. B. die spezifischen Emissionen und das Substitutionspotenzial für fossile Energieträger aufweist. Zudem wird klar, dass insbesondere bei den Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation eine verstärkte energetische Nutzung der Koppelprodukte zur Verbesserung der Energiebilanz erfolgen sollte. Ohne die Koppelproduktnutzung erweisen sich die Gesamteffizienzen dieser Prozessketten als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Die hier erarbeiteten Ergebnisse zeigen überdies, dass durch die Nutzung heimischer Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale ein nennenswerter und vergleichsweise kostengünstiger Beitrag zur Minderung der energiebedingten THG-Emissionen und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger im Energiesystem Deutschland geleistet werden kann. Rund 1.097 PJ/a an Endenergie in Form von Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoff können bei einer konsequenten Verfolgung der Klimaschutzziele bis zum Jahr 2030 durch Biomasse bereitgestellt werden. Damit kann in Deutschland im Jahr 2030 ein Anteil der heimischen Biomasse am Primärenergieverbrauch von rund 14,0 % und ein Anteil der Bioenergie am Endenergieverbrauch von 11,1 % erreicht werden. The energetic utilization of biomass comprises many different and alternative pathways for the provision of different kinds of end energy. Solid, liquid and gaseous bioenergy carriers can be transferred to heat, power and transport fuels via thermal, thermo-chemical, physio-chemical and bio-chemical conversion technologies. The preferable characteristics of biomass utilization, such as the possibility to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels, compete against the relatively high costs compared to conventional energy provision technologies. Additionally, the potentials of biomass and agricultural area for energy crop production in Germany are limited. The aim of this study is therefore the analysis and assessment of different energetic utilization pathways of biomass under technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of energy and environment policy goals on the one hand and the limited biomass potential on the other hand. For a sample of current and prospective important process chains of the production and utilization of bioenergy carriers the energy and mass flows were balanced. In addition the energy provision costs were calculated. The following step was the integration of the different technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of a comprehensive assessment. With regard to the competition to other renewable energies and to the conventional methods of energy supply in the energy system of Germany the utilization options were systematically assessed by means of a model based approach. Due to the analysis and assessment favourable utilization pathways for the energy provision from biomass could be identified. The results show, that the heat provision has to be evaluated as the most favourable utilization option under technical, economical and ecological aspects. Due to higher efficiencies of the biomass conversion the heat provision is more preferable than the CHP use of solid biomass as well as the provision of gaseous fuels. In contrast to that, the provision of 1st generation bio fuels, e. g. biodiesel from rapeseed and ethanol from sugar beet as well as the utilization of biogas with low heat use, has to be assessed rather less favourable. Given the presented results, the efficiency of the biomass production and conversion should play a major role in the future configuration of bioenergy in the energy system of Germany due to the high influence on the overall efficiency of the process chains and other aspects like the specific emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels. Like the efficiency the energetic utilization of by products, especially in the case of the production of 1st generation biofuels should be enhanced to improve the energy balance of these pathways. The results affirm that the utilization of national biomass and land area potentials can contribute considerably and relatively cost efficient to the reduction of GHG emissions and the substitution of fossil energy carriers. About 1,097 PJ per year in form of heat, power and transport fuels can be provided when the optimistic GHG reduction targets till 2030 will be met. In this case the national biomass shows a share of 14.0 % of primary energy demand and 11.1 % of end energy consumption.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2009
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2009
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    Authors: Fritz, Martin;

    Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Besonderheiten Genossenschaften zu beispielhaften Akteuren der Nachhaltigkeit und nachhaltigen Arbeit machen. Dazu wird ein Begriff der Nachhaltigkeit eingeführt, in dem die drei Dimensionen des Ökonomischen, Sozialen und Ökologischen wechselseitig aufeinander bezogen sind und auf die Tätigkeit der Arbeit angewandt werden. Anschließend werden die vorwiegend in lokalen Kontexten tätigen Genossenschaften als Unternehmens- und Rechtsform vorgestellt. Wichtige Leitideen wie Kooperation, Partizipation und Autonomie werden erläutert und als spezifisch genossenschaftliche Merkmale das Identitätsprinzip sowie der Förderzweck identifiziert. Entlang der drei Nachhaltigkeitsdimensionen verdeutlichen die im Folgenden diskutierten theoretischen Argumente und empirisches Datenmaterial, wie diese beiden Prinzipien zu nachhaltiger Arbeit führen. Dabei werden auch Parallelen gezogen zu den Kriterien einer erfolgreichen Bewirtschaftung von Gemeingütern (Commons) und schließlich auf die Notwendigkeit von repräsentativen Studien zu Genossenschaften verwiesen, um Wissen darüber zu erlangen, wie deren Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale auch in anderen Unternehmensformen und über lokale Zusammenhänge hinaus genutzt werden können. This paper investigates the values and principles of cooperatives and relates them to the triple bottom line of sustainability: economic, social and ecological. Sustainable work is conceptualized in a similar way understanding the three dimensions as interdependent aspects of using resources responsibly. Furthermore, the mainly locally operating cooperatives are discussed as a legal form of a company. Their guiding principles such as solidarity, democratic participation and autonomy are introduced and two distinguishing features recognized: the identity principle and the purpose of self-help. Following the three dimensions of sustainability, the article discusses theoretical arguments and presents empirical data showing how these two principles lead to a realization of sustainable work. The paper also draws parallels between cooperatives' principles and managing the 'commons'. It concludes calling for representative surveys on cooperatives in order to learn more about how to apply cooperatives' principles in other companies and beyond local realities. AIS-Studien

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Social Science Open ...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Fritz, Martin;

    Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Besonderheiten Genossenschaften zu beispielhaften Akteuren der Nachhaltigkeit und nachhaltigen Arbeit machen. Dazu wird ein Begriff der Nachhaltigkeit eingeführt, in dem die drei Dimensionen des Ökonomischen, Sozialen und Ökologischen wechselseitig aufeinander bezogen sind und auf die Tätigkeit der Arbeit angewandt werden. Anschließend werden die vorwiegend in lokalen Kontexten tätigen Genossenschaften als Unternehmens- und Rechtsform vorgestellt. Wichtige Leitideen wie Kooperation, Partizipation und Autonomie werden erläutert und als spezifisch genossenschaftliche Merkmale das Identitätsprinzip sowie der Förderzweck identifiziert. Entlang der drei Nachhaltigkeitsdimensionen verdeutlichen die im Folgenden diskutierten theoretischen Argumente und empirisches Datenmaterial, wie diese beiden Prinzipien zu nachhaltiger Arbeit führen. Dabei werden auch Parallelen gezogen zu den Kriterien einer erfolgreichen Bewirtschaftung von Gemeingütern (Commons) und schließlich auf die Notwendigkeit von repräsentativen Studien zu Genossenschaften verwiesen, um Wissen darüber zu erlangen, wie deren Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale auch in anderen Unternehmensformen und über lokale Zusammenhänge hinaus genutzt werden können. This paper investigates the values and principles of cooperatives and relates them to the triple bottom line of sustainability: economic, social and ecological. Sustainable work is conceptualized in a similar way understanding the three dimensions as interdependent aspects of using resources responsibly. Furthermore, the mainly locally operating cooperatives are discussed as a legal form of a company. Their guiding principles such as solidarity, democratic participation and autonomy are introduced and two distinguishing features recognized: the identity principle and the purpose of self-help. Following the three dimensions of sustainability, the article discusses theoretical arguments and presents empirical data showing how these two principles lead to a realization of sustainable work. The paper also draws parallels between cooperatives' principles and managing the 'commons'. It concludes calling for representative surveys on cooperatives in order to learn more about how to apply cooperatives' principles in other companies and beyond local realities. AIS-Studien

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Social Science Open ...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    BiPrints
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    Publications at Bielefeld University
    Article . 2017
    License: "In Copyright" Rights Statement
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Publications at Bielefeld University
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      Publications at Bielefeld University
      Article . 2017
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Publications at Bielefeld University
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Müller, Anna-Lisa;

    This paper argues that the sustainability paradigm is currently used to transform industrial port cities into creative sustainable cities (Müller, 2013). Based on empirical data from the city of Dublin, I show that the sustainability paradigm is combined with the creative city paradigm to revitalize inner-city quarters. This urban planning strategy includes a focus on the creative class (Florida, 2004) and aims at integrating the old in the new, both in architectural and social terms. With this, it tries to be an integrative urban revitalization strategy. In the course of the 20th century, the Irish society developed from an industrial to a postindustrial, knowledge-based society (Bell, 1973; Drucker, 1993). New occupations emerged, making new forms of working spaces and modes of transport necessary, and a growing population now asks for a new kind of living spaces. Additionally, inner-city quarters have become increasingly popular with people working in knowledge-intensive industries. Consequently, city planners have initiated a revitalization process in these quarters, and they used two urban planning paradigms â creative cities (Florida, 2005) and sustainability â as guidelines for urban regeneration. This strategy aims to transform the whole city, but the single districts have to be the object of investigation when empirically approaching the changes of the built environment. Here we see that a threefold understanding of sustainability is used to integrate the demands of the new social groups in those of existing communities. Thus, the approaches used in the districts differ: (1) In The Liberties, home of a new-build technology cluster, the focus is on an economically sustainable development. (2) In Temple Bar, Dublin's cultural quarter, the emphasis is on a socially sustainable approach. (3) In the Docklands, the area of the old inner-city harbor, an attempt is made to combine all three dimensions of sustainability by creating new buildings (ecological sustainability) for both 'old' and 'new'1 inhabitants (social sustainability) and work space for growing industries like the knowledge-intensive industries (economic sustainability). The urban revitalization strategies have one thing in common: The inner-city districts dispose of a number of protected buildings which have to be integrated in the re-structuring of the quarters. Therefore, these buildings are renovated and combined with new buildings to form an architectural and spatial image of Dublin as a city with a future that is rooted in the city's industrial past. In this sense, the urban regeneration approach even has a notion of architectural and historical sustainability. San Francisco

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    Authors: Müller, Anna-Lisa;

    This paper argues that the sustainability paradigm is currently used to transform industrial port cities into creative sustainable cities (Müller, 2013). Based on empirical data from the city of Dublin, I show that the sustainability paradigm is combined with the creative city paradigm to revitalize inner-city quarters. This urban planning strategy includes a focus on the creative class (Florida, 2004) and aims at integrating the old in the new, both in architectural and social terms. With this, it tries to be an integrative urban revitalization strategy. In the course of the 20th century, the Irish society developed from an industrial to a postindustrial, knowledge-based society (Bell, 1973; Drucker, 1993). New occupations emerged, making new forms of working spaces and modes of transport necessary, and a growing population now asks for a new kind of living spaces. Additionally, inner-city quarters have become increasingly popular with people working in knowledge-intensive industries. Consequently, city planners have initiated a revitalization process in these quarters, and they used two urban planning paradigms â creative cities (Florida, 2005) and sustainability â as guidelines for urban regeneration. This strategy aims to transform the whole city, but the single districts have to be the object of investigation when empirically approaching the changes of the built environment. Here we see that a threefold understanding of sustainability is used to integrate the demands of the new social groups in those of existing communities. Thus, the approaches used in the districts differ: (1) In The Liberties, home of a new-build technology cluster, the focus is on an economically sustainable development. (2) In Temple Bar, Dublin's cultural quarter, the emphasis is on a socially sustainable approach. (3) In the Docklands, the area of the old inner-city harbor, an attempt is made to combine all three dimensions of sustainability by creating new buildings (ecological sustainability) for both 'old' and 'new'1 inhabitants (social sustainability) and work space for growing industries like the knowledge-intensive industries (economic sustainability). The urban revitalization strategies have one thing in common: The inner-city districts dispose of a number of protected buildings which have to be integrated in the re-structuring of the quarters. Therefore, these buildings are renovated and combined with new buildings to form an architectural and spatial image of Dublin as a city with a future that is rooted in the city's industrial past. In this sense, the urban regeneration approach even has a notion of architectural and historical sustainability. San Francisco

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ E-LIB Dokumentserver...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Bernabeu Peña, Marc;

    This thesis aims to study the European research opportunity of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt’s (DLR) Facility of Laboratories for Sustainable Habitation (FLaSH) project. FLaSH’s main goal is to research, develop and test Life Support Systems (LSS) technologies for materially closedloop environments, for space and terrestrial application. The core element of the FLaSH is the Habitation Module Complex (HMC), which integrates 12 interconnected modules, each one of them addressing a LSS’s domain in order to achieve a self-reliant habitat: Air, Water, Waste, Greenhouse, Food, Animal, Living, Sickbay, In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), Workshop and Energy. As a first step, the literature on LSS and the most relevant infrastructures dedicated to LSS development were reviewed. Successively, FLaSH’s preliminary study conducted in 2012 at the DLR’s Concurrent Engineering Facility (CEF) was analysed. The review on the LSS and FLaSH allowed for the identification of 110 candidate technologies. Finally, a survey was carried out on 172 European entities, identified as potential participants, in order to generate primary data for the FLaSH’s research opportunity study. The survey collected a total of 36 valid responses. Survey respondents revealed that 27 entities, from 15 European countries manifested a potential interest in participation and cooperation with FLaSH. The Air, Water, Waste, Greenhouse modules were identified as the most interesting. Participants’ preferred methods of collaboration comprised technology testing and development as well as advisory services. The majority of the participants, 26, backboned FLaSH’s dual approach of developing closed technologies for space and terrestrial applications.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DLR publication serv...arrow_drop_down
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    DLR publication server
    Master thesis . 2015
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    Other literature type . 2015
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    Authors: Bernabeu Peña, Marc;

    This thesis aims to study the European research opportunity of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt’s (DLR) Facility of Laboratories for Sustainable Habitation (FLaSH) project. FLaSH’s main goal is to research, develop and test Life Support Systems (LSS) technologies for materially closedloop environments, for space and terrestrial application. The core element of the FLaSH is the Habitation Module Complex (HMC), which integrates 12 interconnected modules, each one of them addressing a LSS’s domain in order to achieve a self-reliant habitat: Air, Water, Waste, Greenhouse, Food, Animal, Living, Sickbay, In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), Workshop and Energy. As a first step, the literature on LSS and the most relevant infrastructures dedicated to LSS development were reviewed. Successively, FLaSH’s preliminary study conducted in 2012 at the DLR’s Concurrent Engineering Facility (CEF) was analysed. The review on the LSS and FLaSH allowed for the identification of 110 candidate technologies. Finally, a survey was carried out on 172 European entities, identified as potential participants, in order to generate primary data for the FLaSH’s research opportunity study. The survey collected a total of 36 valid responses. Survey respondents revealed that 27 entities, from 15 European countries manifested a potential interest in participation and cooperation with FLaSH. The Air, Water, Waste, Greenhouse modules were identified as the most interesting. Participants’ preferred methods of collaboration comprised technology testing and development as well as advisory services. The majority of the participants, 26, backboned FLaSH’s dual approach of developing closed technologies for space and terrestrial applications.

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    Authors: Marheineke, Torsten; Krewitt, Wolfram; Neubarth, Jürgen; Friedrich, Rainer; +1 Authors

    Energy and material flows caused by human activities have essential influence on human beings and the environment. These impacts should be taken into consideration in case of evaluating technologies with regard to a sustainable development. Therefore, it was goal of the project to quantify the impacts caused by different technologies of electricity and heat supply and to consider not only the process of energy transformation, but also the up- and downstream processes as fuel supply, waste disposal, the construction and dismantling of the power plant etc. The work carried out includes the development of methods for life cycle assessment, the compilation of a database, the develop-ment of an appropriate software tool for life cycle assessment and finally the assessments of various energy supply technologies itself. Besides the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and the extraction of raw materials, results are quantified for the cumulated energy demand as well as the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems, impacts on human health and damages on materials and plants. Finally, the monetary evaluation is used to quantify damages costs for the impact categories human health, material and plant damages, and avoidance costs für the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems and the greenhause effect. Anthropogen umgesetzte Energie- und Stoffströme können mit wesentlichen Auswirkungen für Mensch und Umwelt verbunden sein. Um diese Auswirkungen bei der Beurteilung von Energieversorgungstechniken berücksichtigen zu können, werden in dem vorliegenden Bericht für verschiedene Techniken zur Strom- und Wärmebereitstellung die Stoff- und Energieströme über den gesamten Lebensweg quantifiziert und die aus ihnen resultierenden Auswirkungen auf Mensch und Umwelt abgeschätzt. Berücksichtigte Wirkungskategorien sind der Treibhauseffekt, die Versauerung und Eutrophierung von Böden und Gewässern, Risiken für die menschliche Gesundheit, Ressourcenverzehr, Materialschäden und die Schädigung von Nutzpflanzen.

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    Authors: Marheineke, Torsten; Krewitt, Wolfram; Neubarth, Jürgen; Friedrich, Rainer; +1 Authors

    Energy and material flows caused by human activities have essential influence on human beings and the environment. These impacts should be taken into consideration in case of evaluating technologies with regard to a sustainable development. Therefore, it was goal of the project to quantify the impacts caused by different technologies of electricity and heat supply and to consider not only the process of energy transformation, but also the up- and downstream processes as fuel supply, waste disposal, the construction and dismantling of the power plant etc. The work carried out includes the development of methods for life cycle assessment, the compilation of a database, the develop-ment of an appropriate software tool for life cycle assessment and finally the assessments of various energy supply technologies itself. Besides the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and the extraction of raw materials, results are quantified for the cumulated energy demand as well as the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems, impacts on human health and damages on materials and plants. Finally, the monetary evaluation is used to quantify damages costs for the impact categories human health, material and plant damages, and avoidance costs für the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems and the greenhause effect. Anthropogen umgesetzte Energie- und Stoffströme können mit wesentlichen Auswirkungen für Mensch und Umwelt verbunden sein. Um diese Auswirkungen bei der Beurteilung von Energieversorgungstechniken berücksichtigen zu können, werden in dem vorliegenden Bericht für verschiedene Techniken zur Strom- und Wärmebereitstellung die Stoff- und Energieströme über den gesamten Lebensweg quantifiziert und die aus ihnen resultierenden Auswirkungen auf Mensch und Umwelt abgeschätzt. Berücksichtigte Wirkungskategorien sind der Treibhauseffekt, die Versauerung und Eutrophierung von Böden und Gewässern, Risiken für die menschliche Gesundheit, Ressourcenverzehr, Materialschäden und die Schädigung von Nutzpflanzen.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hochschulschriftense...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Elmenhorst, Eva-Maria; Benderoth, S.; Vejvoda, M.; Wenzel, J.; +1 Authors

    Introduction The sleep inducing effects of alcohol as well as the increase in sleep propensity and sleepiness after sleep loss have been linked to the adenosinergic system in the brain. While the performance impairing effects of ethanol have partly been related to the inhibitory effects of cerebral adenosine, sleep loss has been found to increase adenosine receptor density. The interindividual variability of cognitive performance impairments after alcohol intake as well as after sleep loss is extensive. Thus, we examined in humans whether performance degradations resulting from sleep loss and alcohol consumption are related. Methods Performance in a 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) was tested in 47 healthy volunteers (mean age 27 ± 5 (SD) years, 21 females) at 6 pm 1) after an 8 hour control night, 2) after alcohol consumption (aiming at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08%), and 3) after 35 hours of total sleep deprivation. After alcohol intake, 35 of the participants reached a BAC of more than 0.06% prior to the performance testing (mean BAC 0.074%, SD 0.009%, min. 0.063%, max. 0.095%) and were included in the analyses. Two recovery nights were scheduled between conditions. Results Performance impairments due to acute alcohol intake and due to 35 hours of sustained wakefulness were calculated as differences from performance under control conditions. The degree in performance degradation correlated highly between both conditions (i.e. 10% slowest reaction times: Pearson’s r=0.73, p<0.0001; standard deviation of reaction times: r=0.75, p<0.0001; mean reaction time: r=0.59, p=0.0002). Conclusions Participants whose PVT performance proved to be vulnerable to the effects of alcohol consumption were also vulnerable to sleep loss, whereas individuals who were resilient against the effects of alcohol were also less susceptible to the impact of sleep deprivation. These results suggest that the effects of alcohol and sleep deprivation on performance are mediated – at least in part – by a common pathway that may involve the adenosinergic system in the brain.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DLR publication serv...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Elmenhorst, Eva-Maria; Benderoth, S.; Vejvoda, M.; Wenzel, J.; +1 Authors

    Introduction The sleep inducing effects of alcohol as well as the increase in sleep propensity and sleepiness after sleep loss have been linked to the adenosinergic system in the brain. While the performance impairing effects of ethanol have partly been related to the inhibitory effects of cerebral adenosine, sleep loss has been found to increase adenosine receptor density. The interindividual variability of cognitive performance impairments after alcohol intake as well as after sleep loss is extensive. Thus, we examined in humans whether performance degradations resulting from sleep loss and alcohol consumption are related. Methods Performance in a 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) was tested in 47 healthy volunteers (mean age 27 ± 5 (SD) years, 21 females) at 6 pm 1) after an 8 hour control night, 2) after alcohol consumption (aiming at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08%), and 3) after 35 hours of total sleep deprivation. After alcohol intake, 35 of the participants reached a BAC of more than 0.06% prior to the performance testing (mean BAC 0.074%, SD 0.009%, min. 0.063%, max. 0.095%) and were included in the analyses. Two recovery nights were scheduled between conditions. Results Performance impairments due to acute alcohol intake and due to 35 hours of sustained wakefulness were calculated as differences from performance under control conditions. The degree in performance degradation correlated highly between both conditions (i.e. 10% slowest reaction times: Pearson’s r=0.73, p<0.0001; standard deviation of reaction times: r=0.75, p<0.0001; mean reaction time: r=0.59, p=0.0002). Conclusions Participants whose PVT performance proved to be vulnerable to the effects of alcohol consumption were also vulnerable to sleep loss, whereas individuals who were resilient against the effects of alcohol were also less susceptible to the impact of sleep deprivation. These results suggest that the effects of alcohol and sleep deprivation on performance are mediated – at least in part – by a common pathway that may involve the adenosinergic system in the brain.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DLR publication serv...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Hübel, Christian; Möller, Claudia; Jeutner, Marcus; Pahl-Weber, Elke; +3 Authors

    Welche Bedarfe, Ideen und Lösungen sehen hochqualifizierte Migrant*innen für eine nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung? Inwiefern eignet sich Urban Design Thinking als ko-kreative Methode und Impuls für städtische Transformationsprozesse? Was bringen solche ko-kreativen Stadtentwicklungsprozesse mit bestimmten Bevölkerungsgruppen einer Stadt wie Mannheim und wie fügen sie sich in die Stadtpolitik ein? Wie kann man andere Städte dafür interessieren, was im Mannheimer Reallabor erprobt und erarbeitet wird? Diese neugierigen Fragen waren der Ausgangspunkt zu einem Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozess, der sich zwischen 2016 und 2019 in der Stadt Mannheim im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Migrants4Cities. Hochqualifizierte Migrant*innen gestalten Zukunftsstädte entfaltete. Migrants4Cities hat mit Urban Design Thinking in einem ko-kreativen Arbeitsprozess zu zentralen Stadtentwicklungsthemen in Mannheim real experimentiert und versteht sich daher als Reallabor. Die Antworten, die das Verbundteam aus der Stadt Mannheim, dem Fachgebiet für Bestandsentwicklung und Erneuerung von Siedlungseinheiten der Technischen Universität Berlin und dem inter 3 Institut für Ressourcenmanagement auf die eingangs formulierten Fragen gefunden hat, werden in diesem Sammelband präsentiert. Das Buch zeigt auf, warum Ko-Kreation auch in der Stadtentwicklung zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt und wie mit Urban Design Thinking solche ko-kreativen, am Bedarf der Menschen ausgerichtete Arbeitsprozesse im städtischen Kontext strukturiert und umgesetzt werden können. Es bietet anschauliche Einblicke, wie Urban Design Thinking im Projekt Migrants4Cities eingesetzt wurde, welche Personen in die Arbeit eingebunden waren, was den Arbeitsprozess ausgezeichnet hat und welche Ergebnisse erarbeitet wurden. Basierend auf diesen Erfahrungen wird der ko-kreative Ansatz in Mannheim reflektiert in Bezug auf: die Besonderheiten in der Anwendung von Urban Design Thinking, die Einbindung solcher Vorgehensweisen in die Routinen städtischer Governance, die Mobilisierung und Einbindung der Migrant*innen sowie den Transfer von Ergebnissen in andere Städte. Ermöglicht wurde Migrants4Cities durch die Förderung des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung im Rahmen des Programms Nachhaltige Transformation urbaner Räume. Which needs, ideas and solutions do migrants identify for a sustainable urban development? Is Urban Design Thinking a suitable method to enable co-creation in urban transformation processes? What are the effects and benefits of such co-creative approaches in a city like Mannheim with its very diverse population, and how do they practically fit into urban governance? How can the interest of other cities be aroused for what is happening in an experimental setting like in Mannheim? These curious questions have been the starting point for a research and development process that took place in Mannheim between 2016 and 2019 within the project Migrants4Cities. High-qualified migrants design future cities. The project experimented with Urban Design Thinking in a real-life, co-creative urban laboratory on key challenges of urban development. This book presents answers to the questions mentioned above, that have been developed by the project team consisting of the City of Mannheim, the Chair for Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development at TU Berlin and inter 3 Institute for Resource Management. The book describes why co-creation gains importance in urban development and how Urban Design Thinking offers tools to structure implement such human-centred approaches focussing on the needs of the people also in urban settings. It offers illustrative insights how Urban Design Thinking was applied in the sub-projects of Migrants4Cities, which persons were involved, what characterized the working process and which results were elaborated. Based on these experiences the authors reflect the co-creative approach concerning: the peculiarities of applying Urban Design Thinking; the integration of such methods into the routines of urban governance; the mobilization and integration of migrants; and the transfer of results to other cities. The project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the program of Sustainable Transformation of Urban Areas. Gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, ISBN 978-3-7983-3129-7

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hübel, Christian; Möller, Claudia; Jeutner, Marcus; Pahl-Weber, Elke; +3 Authors

    Welche Bedarfe, Ideen und Lösungen sehen hochqualifizierte Migrant*innen für eine nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung? Inwiefern eignet sich Urban Design Thinking als ko-kreative Methode und Impuls für städtische Transformationsprozesse? Was bringen solche ko-kreativen Stadtentwicklungsprozesse mit bestimmten Bevölkerungsgruppen einer Stadt wie Mannheim und wie fügen sie sich in die Stadtpolitik ein? Wie kann man andere Städte dafür interessieren, was im Mannheimer Reallabor erprobt und erarbeitet wird? Diese neugierigen Fragen waren der Ausgangspunkt zu einem Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozess, der sich zwischen 2016 und 2019 in der Stadt Mannheim im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Migrants4Cities. Hochqualifizierte Migrant*innen gestalten Zukunftsstädte entfaltete. Migrants4Cities hat mit Urban Design Thinking in einem ko-kreativen Arbeitsprozess zu zentralen Stadtentwicklungsthemen in Mannheim real experimentiert und versteht sich daher als Reallabor. Die Antworten, die das Verbundteam aus der Stadt Mannheim, dem Fachgebiet für Bestandsentwicklung und Erneuerung von Siedlungseinheiten der Technischen Universität Berlin und dem inter 3 Institut für Ressourcenmanagement auf die eingangs formulierten Fragen gefunden hat, werden in diesem Sammelband präsentiert. Das Buch zeigt auf, warum Ko-Kreation auch in der Stadtentwicklung zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt und wie mit Urban Design Thinking solche ko-kreativen, am Bedarf der Menschen ausgerichtete Arbeitsprozesse im städtischen Kontext strukturiert und umgesetzt werden können. Es bietet anschauliche Einblicke, wie Urban Design Thinking im Projekt Migrants4Cities eingesetzt wurde, welche Personen in die Arbeit eingebunden waren, was den Arbeitsprozess ausgezeichnet hat und welche Ergebnisse erarbeitet wurden. Basierend auf diesen Erfahrungen wird der ko-kreative Ansatz in Mannheim reflektiert in Bezug auf: die Besonderheiten in der Anwendung von Urban Design Thinking, die Einbindung solcher Vorgehensweisen in die Routinen städtischer Governance, die Mobilisierung und Einbindung der Migrant*innen sowie den Transfer von Ergebnissen in andere Städte. Ermöglicht wurde Migrants4Cities durch die Förderung des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung im Rahmen des Programms Nachhaltige Transformation urbaner Räume. Which needs, ideas and solutions do migrants identify for a sustainable urban development? Is Urban Design Thinking a suitable method to enable co-creation in urban transformation processes? What are the effects and benefits of such co-creative approaches in a city like Mannheim with its very diverse population, and how do they practically fit into urban governance? How can the interest of other cities be aroused for what is happening in an experimental setting like in Mannheim? These curious questions have been the starting point for a research and development process that took place in Mannheim between 2016 and 2019 within the project Migrants4Cities. High-qualified migrants design future cities. The project experimented with Urban Design Thinking in a real-life, co-creative urban laboratory on key challenges of urban development. This book presents answers to the questions mentioned above, that have been developed by the project team consisting of the City of Mannheim, the Chair for Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development at TU Berlin and inter 3 Institute for Resource Management. The book describes why co-creation gains importance in urban development and how Urban Design Thinking offers tools to structure implement such human-centred approaches focussing on the needs of the people also in urban settings. It offers illustrative insights how Urban Design Thinking was applied in the sub-projects of Migrants4Cities, which persons were involved, what characterized the working process and which results were elaborated. Based on these experiences the authors reflect the co-creative approach concerning: the peculiarities of applying Urban Design Thinking; the integration of such methods into the routines of urban governance; the mobilization and integration of migrants; and the transfer of results to other cities. The project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the program of Sustainable Transformation of Urban Areas. Gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, ISBN 978-3-7983-3129-7

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  • Authors: Heißenhuber, Alois; Zehetmeier, Monika;

    The increase in milk yield per cow in dairy farms has been proposed as one strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) per kg of product. However, besides milk beef can be considered as an important co-product of dairy farming. Thus, the whole system of milk and beef production has to be considered modelling GHG emissions from dairy farming. In order to remain milk and beef production constant suckler cows are needed to compensate for the reduction in beef output from dairy farming due to the increase in milk yield. If both milk and beef production are to remain constant, considerably increasing milk yield per cow could result in higher GHG emissions. Furthermore other side effects of increasing milk yield in dairy farming as competition with human food due to changing amounts of concentrates need to be mentioned. Für die Minderung der Treibhausgasemission je Produkteinheit wird die Leistungssteigerung in der Milchviehhaltung als eine wirksame Maßnahme betrachtet. Da in der Milchviehhaltung üblicherweise Milch und Fleisch erzeugt wird, ist eine Betrachtungsweise des Gesamtsystems erforderlich. Unter der Annahme einer konstanten Produktion an Milch und Rindfleisch, werden mit steigernder Milchleistung zusätzlich Mutterkühe zur Bereitstellung von Rindfleisch benötigt. Aufgrund dieser Zusammenhänge führt eine Steigerung der Milchleistung zu einem tendenziellen Anstieg der THG-Emissionen. Darüber hinaus sind noch Nebenwirkungen zu berücksichtigen, wie z.B. der Aspekt der Nahrungskonkurrenz bei unterschiedlichem Kraftfuttereinsatz. Jahrbuch Agrartechnik, vol. 24. 2012Jahrbuch Agrartechnik 2012, vol. 24.2012, p. 3

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  • Authors: Heißenhuber, Alois; Zehetmeier, Monika;

    The increase in milk yield per cow in dairy farms has been proposed as one strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) per kg of product. However, besides milk beef can be considered as an important co-product of dairy farming. Thus, the whole system of milk and beef production has to be considered modelling GHG emissions from dairy farming. In order to remain milk and beef production constant suckler cows are needed to compensate for the reduction in beef output from dairy farming due to the increase in milk yield. If both milk and beef production are to remain constant, considerably increasing milk yield per cow could result in higher GHG emissions. Furthermore other side effects of increasing milk yield in dairy farming as competition with human food due to changing amounts of concentrates need to be mentioned. Für die Minderung der Treibhausgasemission je Produkteinheit wird die Leistungssteigerung in der Milchviehhaltung als eine wirksame Maßnahme betrachtet. Da in der Milchviehhaltung üblicherweise Milch und Fleisch erzeugt wird, ist eine Betrachtungsweise des Gesamtsystems erforderlich. Unter der Annahme einer konstanten Produktion an Milch und Rindfleisch, werden mit steigernder Milchleistung zusätzlich Mutterkühe zur Bereitstellung von Rindfleisch benötigt. Aufgrund dieser Zusammenhänge führt eine Steigerung der Milchleistung zu einem tendenziellen Anstieg der THG-Emissionen. Darüber hinaus sind noch Nebenwirkungen zu berücksichtigen, wie z.B. der Aspekt der Nahrungskonkurrenz bei unterschiedlichem Kraftfuttereinsatz. Jahrbuch Agrartechnik, vol. 24. 2012Jahrbuch Agrartechnik 2012, vol. 24.2012, p. 3

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92 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Remme, Uwe;

    Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden globalen Energiebedarfs und der Gefahr einer anthropogenen Störung des Klimasystems durch die Emission von Treibhausgasen gilt es, tragfähige Strategien und Perspektiven für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung zu entwickeln. Der verstärkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien wird dabei vielfach eine Schlüsselrolle zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen zugesprochen. Einer weit verbreiteten Ausschöpfung der auch in Deutschland in großem Maße verfügbaren Potenzialen an regenerativen Energieträgern stehen jedoch häufig noch die damit verbundenen hohen Kosten im Vergleich zu fossilen Energieträgern entgegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher zu untersuchen, welchen Beitrag erneuerbare Energieträger in einem wettbewerblichen Marktumfeld langfristig zur Energieversorgung leisten können und in welchem Umfang erneuerbare Energieträger durch die Internalisierung der Treibhausgasvermeidungskosten in den Energiepreisen profitieren können. Zur Bewertung der Rolle erneuerbarer Energieträger sind mit Blick auf das Gesamtenergiesystem Interdependenzen zwischen der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energieträger und den übrigen Sektoren des Energiesystems zu berücksichtigen. Neben der Vernetzung des Energiesystems in horizontaler Richtung durch Prozessketten über Sektoren hinweg und in vertikaler Richtung durch die Konkurrenz regenerativer mit fossilen Energietechnologien sind dabei auch Kopplungen über Energiepreise, deren Höhe über die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer regenerativen Energietechnologie entscheidet, sowie die energie- und preisseitigen Effekte durch Einführung energiepolitischer Instrumente zu beachten. Aufgrund dieser Systemzusammenhänge wird daher ein auf dem Ansatz der linearen Programmierung basierendes intertemporales Energiesystemmodell verwendet, in dem die Energiewirtschaft Deutschlands von der Primär- bis zur Nutzenergie technologisch detailliert abgebildet und hinsichtlich der Systemkosten optimiert wird. Um die Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Energiesystems aufzuzeigen, werden sich z. T. ergänzende methodische Verfahren entwickelt und eingesetzt. Neben einem Bilanzierungsmodell zur Ermittlung von die Prozessvorketten berücksichtigender Indikatoren zählen hierzu ein auf der Dualitätstheorie beruhendes Verfahren zur Dekomposition der Energie- und Zertifikatspreise, Methoden der Sensitivitätsanalyse zur Ermittlung der fundamentalen preisbestimmenden Faktoren und Techniken der parametrischen Programmierung, um neben Variationen der Modelleingangsdaten Treibhausgasvermeidungskostenkurven und Angebotskurven regenerativ erzeugten Stroms unter Berücksichtigung der systemaren Zusammenhänge im Energiesektor abzuleiten. Mit Hilfe des entwickelten Energiesystemmodells und der Analysemethoden werden die zukünftigen Entwicklungsperspektiven erneuerbarer Energien im deutschen Energiesystem bis zum Jahr 2050 szenariogestützt untersucht. In den Szenarien werden einerseits die mit einer Quote erneuerbarer Energien in der Stromerzeugung verbundenen energie-, kosten- und emissionsseitigen Auswirkungen betrachtet und andererseits der Beitrag erneuerbarer Energien in Konkurrenz mit alternativen Minderungsoptionen zur Erreichung von Treibhausgasminderungszielen dargestellt. Weiterhin werden in simultanen Variationen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen beiden Instrumenten und ihre Auswirkungen speziell auf die Stromerzeugungsstruktur und die Strompreise beleuchtet. Against the background of an increasing global energy demand and the danger of an anthropogenic disturbance of the climate system by the emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to develop sustainable strategies and perspectives for the future energy system. The increased usage of renewable sources is identified from many sides as a key element in strategies to overcome these challenges. However, a widely utilisation of the also in Germany large existing potentials of renewable energy carriers is currently still opposed by the associated high costs relative to fossil energy sources. The intention of the submitted thesis is to analyse the contribution of renewable energy sources in the long-run under competitive market conditions to the energy supply and to study the extent to which renewable energy sources can benefit from the internalisation of greenhouse gas abatement costs in the energy prices. To assess the role of renewable energy sources in the context of the entire energy system, interdependencies between the utilisation of renewable energy sources with other aspects and sectors of the energy system have to be taken into account. In addition to the interconnectedness of the energy system in the horizontal direction by process chains across sectors and in the vertical direction by the competition of renewable with conventional fossil technologies also the linkage by energy prices, which serve as benchmark for the competitiveness of a renewable energy technology, and the energy and price related effects caused by the introduction of policy instruments have to be considered. Due to these interactions within the system, a linear programming based dynamic energy system model is used, which depicts technologically detailed the German energy sector from the primary energy supply to the end-use energy demand side and optimises the energy system with respect to its total costs. In order to reveal the interactions and dependencies within the energy system, several partially complementary methodologies have been developed and applied to the model. Apart from a balance model that allows the calculation of specific indicators under consideration of previous process chains, the methodology comprises a method for decomposing energy and certificate prices based on the duality theory, the method of sensitivity analysis to identify the fundamental price-determining activities and parametric programming techniques to derive greenhouse gas abatement cost curves and renewable electricity supply cost curves. With the help of the developed energy system model and analysis tools, the future development perspectives of renewable energy in the German energy system until the year 2050 are studied in various scenarios. In these scenarios, on the one side the energy-, cost- and emission related effects associated with a quota for the electricity production from renewable sources are studied, on the other side the contribution of renewable energy sources to given greenhouse gas abatement targets in competition with alternative abatement measures is examined. Furthermore the interdependencies between these two policy instruments on each other and their effects on the structure of the electricity sector and on the electricity prices are highlighted.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2006
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2006
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    Authors: Remme, Uwe;

    Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden globalen Energiebedarfs und der Gefahr einer anthropogenen Störung des Klimasystems durch die Emission von Treibhausgasen gilt es, tragfähige Strategien und Perspektiven für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung zu entwickeln. Der verstärkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien wird dabei vielfach eine Schlüsselrolle zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen zugesprochen. Einer weit verbreiteten Ausschöpfung der auch in Deutschland in großem Maße verfügbaren Potenzialen an regenerativen Energieträgern stehen jedoch häufig noch die damit verbundenen hohen Kosten im Vergleich zu fossilen Energieträgern entgegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher zu untersuchen, welchen Beitrag erneuerbare Energieträger in einem wettbewerblichen Marktumfeld langfristig zur Energieversorgung leisten können und in welchem Umfang erneuerbare Energieträger durch die Internalisierung der Treibhausgasvermeidungskosten in den Energiepreisen profitieren können. Zur Bewertung der Rolle erneuerbarer Energieträger sind mit Blick auf das Gesamtenergiesystem Interdependenzen zwischen der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energieträger und den übrigen Sektoren des Energiesystems zu berücksichtigen. Neben der Vernetzung des Energiesystems in horizontaler Richtung durch Prozessketten über Sektoren hinweg und in vertikaler Richtung durch die Konkurrenz regenerativer mit fossilen Energietechnologien sind dabei auch Kopplungen über Energiepreise, deren Höhe über die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer regenerativen Energietechnologie entscheidet, sowie die energie- und preisseitigen Effekte durch Einführung energiepolitischer Instrumente zu beachten. Aufgrund dieser Systemzusammenhänge wird daher ein auf dem Ansatz der linearen Programmierung basierendes intertemporales Energiesystemmodell verwendet, in dem die Energiewirtschaft Deutschlands von der Primär- bis zur Nutzenergie technologisch detailliert abgebildet und hinsichtlich der Systemkosten optimiert wird. Um die Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Energiesystems aufzuzeigen, werden sich z. T. ergänzende methodische Verfahren entwickelt und eingesetzt. Neben einem Bilanzierungsmodell zur Ermittlung von die Prozessvorketten berücksichtigender Indikatoren zählen hierzu ein auf der Dualitätstheorie beruhendes Verfahren zur Dekomposition der Energie- und Zertifikatspreise, Methoden der Sensitivitätsanalyse zur Ermittlung der fundamentalen preisbestimmenden Faktoren und Techniken der parametrischen Programmierung, um neben Variationen der Modelleingangsdaten Treibhausgasvermeidungskostenkurven und Angebotskurven regenerativ erzeugten Stroms unter Berücksichtigung der systemaren Zusammenhänge im Energiesektor abzuleiten. Mit Hilfe des entwickelten Energiesystemmodells und der Analysemethoden werden die zukünftigen Entwicklungsperspektiven erneuerbarer Energien im deutschen Energiesystem bis zum Jahr 2050 szenariogestützt untersucht. In den Szenarien werden einerseits die mit einer Quote erneuerbarer Energien in der Stromerzeugung verbundenen energie-, kosten- und emissionsseitigen Auswirkungen betrachtet und andererseits der Beitrag erneuerbarer Energien in Konkurrenz mit alternativen Minderungsoptionen zur Erreichung von Treibhausgasminderungszielen dargestellt. Weiterhin werden in simultanen Variationen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen beiden Instrumenten und ihre Auswirkungen speziell auf die Stromerzeugungsstruktur und die Strompreise beleuchtet. Against the background of an increasing global energy demand and the danger of an anthropogenic disturbance of the climate system by the emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to develop sustainable strategies and perspectives for the future energy system. The increased usage of renewable sources is identified from many sides as a key element in strategies to overcome these challenges. However, a widely utilisation of the also in Germany large existing potentials of renewable energy carriers is currently still opposed by the associated high costs relative to fossil energy sources. The intention of the submitted thesis is to analyse the contribution of renewable energy sources in the long-run under competitive market conditions to the energy supply and to study the extent to which renewable energy sources can benefit from the internalisation of greenhouse gas abatement costs in the energy prices. To assess the role of renewable energy sources in the context of the entire energy system, interdependencies between the utilisation of renewable energy sources with other aspects and sectors of the energy system have to be taken into account. In addition to the interconnectedness of the energy system in the horizontal direction by process chains across sectors and in the vertical direction by the competition of renewable with conventional fossil technologies also the linkage by energy prices, which serve as benchmark for the competitiveness of a renewable energy technology, and the energy and price related effects caused by the introduction of policy instruments have to be considered. Due to these interactions within the system, a linear programming based dynamic energy system model is used, which depicts technologically detailed the German energy sector from the primary energy supply to the end-use energy demand side and optimises the energy system with respect to its total costs. In order to reveal the interactions and dependencies within the energy system, several partially complementary methodologies have been developed and applied to the model. Apart from a balance model that allows the calculation of specific indicators under consideration of previous process chains, the methodology comprises a method for decomposing energy and certificate prices based on the duality theory, the method of sensitivity analysis to identify the fundamental price-determining activities and parametric programming techniques to derive greenhouse gas abatement cost curves and renewable electricity supply cost curves. With the help of the developed energy system model and analysis tools, the future development perspectives of renewable energy in the German energy system until the year 2050 are studied in various scenarios. In these scenarios, on the one side the energy-, cost- and emission related effects associated with a quota for the electricity production from renewable sources are studied, on the other side the contribution of renewable energy sources to given greenhouse gas abatement targets in competition with alternative abatement measures is examined. Furthermore the interdependencies between these two policy instruments on each other and their effects on the structure of the electricity sector and on the electricity prices are highlighted.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2006
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    Authors: Haas, Stefan;

    Bauherren formulieren immer ��fter den Wunsch nach einem gesunden Wohnumfeld. Aufgrund von verf��gbarem Materialwissen und Baustoffinformationssystemen sind Planer mittlerweile in der Lage, materialspezifische Anforderungen zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen abzuleiten. Aktuell gibt es jedoch keine standardisierten Vorgehensstrategien und Hilfen, die den Planer bei der Umsetzung der daraus entstehenden prozessbezogenen Herausforderungen unterst��tzen. Schadstoffarme Projekte werden h��ufig als Individualwerk, mit immer wieder neu konzipierten Abl��ufen, von Experten durchgef��hrt. Bereits entwickelte Expertenl��sungen verbleiben als exklusives Wissen bei wenigen Fachplanern. Nur einzelne Teilprozesse sind als Strategiewissen f��r alle verf��gbar. Somit bleiben zu viele Fragen und Unsicherheiten zur Planung und Bauausf��hrung offen, Experten sind nach wie vor notwendig, wenn besonders schadstoffarm gebaut werden soll. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer prozessbezogenen Vorgehensstrategie zur Qualit��tssicherung des schadstoffarmen Planens und Bauens. Eine praxisnahe Systematik soll ���neue��� Abl��ufe und Zusammenh��nge f��r Planer aufzeigen, um fr��hzeitig Risiken zu vermeiden. Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie zu theoretischen Risikomodellen und beispielhaften Bauteilbetrachtungen wird eine qualitative Studie mit der Methode der Experteninterviews durchgef��hrt, um Expertenwissen und deren Planungswissen zu explizieren und f��r die Ergebniserstellung zu interpretieren. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung werden sieben sog. ���neue��� Kernprozesse zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen definiert und mit Checklisten hinterlegt. Um aufzuzeigen, wie der theoretische Ansatz in eine praxisnahe Anwendung ��berf��hrt werden muss, folgt eine zweite Ausarbeitungsstufe. In dieser werden die Modelle und die Checklisten zu einem Strategiemuster zusammengef��hrt. F��r zwei Bauteile k��nnen hiernach eine Bauteilmatrix, Bauteilmuster und Hilfetexte erstellt werden. Die entwickelte Vorgehensstrategie stellt eine praxisnahe Planungshilfe zur Qualit��tssicherung dar und besteht aus folgenden 4 Ebenen: - Ebene E.1 ���Strategiemuster��� - ��berblick Risikobereiche. - Ebene E.2 ���Bauteilmuster��� - Vergleichsm��glichkeit Bauteile. - Ebene E.3 ���Bauteilmatrix��� - Kurzhinweise Risiken. - Ebene E.4 ���Strategiebl��tter��� - Handlungsanweisung. Clients more and more ask for healthy living and working environments. Planers see themselves challenged to fulfill these requests. They benefit from product information, which aims to support them, and which evolves ongoing. But nevertheless, currently, there are no standardized and freely accessible procedural strategies and aids, supporting the planner in implementing these specified requirements in planning and construction processes. Project management is often carried by an individual with him constantly redesigned processes. This comes with a large number of questions and uncertainties in regards to planning and construction, resulting in the consultation of an expert. The aim of the following research work is the development of a process-related strategy, which helps to qualitatively manage planning and construction processes of environmentally-friendly projects, projects that contain fewer pollutants. New processes are to modeled in step with actual practice in order to avoid risks early enough. Based on a preliminary study of theoretical risk models and exemplary construction components, a qualitative study helps to explicate expert knowledge and strategies by using the method of expert interviews. As a research result, seven so-called "new" key processes are defined for the planning and construction of projects with fewer pollutants. These results are displayed as two-dimensional models in various levels of detail and are supplemented by so-called checklists. In order to transmit these theoretical approaches into a practical application, a strategy pattern is developed out of the models and the checklists. In addition, this pattern is verified du to an exemplification with the examples of two external walls. As a result, a matrix as well as a pattern for each construction element can be deviated. Due to the complementation by additional information and the design of a so called strategic data sheet, the scheme and its elements for the quality management system can be identified and defined as the following: - Level 1 E.1 ���Strategy Pattern��� - overview risks. - Level 2 E.2 ���Construction Element Matrix��� - comparison of constructions. - Level 3 E.3 ���Construction Element Pattern��� - key information. - Level 4 E.4 ���Strategic Data Sheet��� - additional information.

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    Authors: Haas, Stefan;

    Bauherren formulieren immer ��fter den Wunsch nach einem gesunden Wohnumfeld. Aufgrund von verf��gbarem Materialwissen und Baustoffinformationssystemen sind Planer mittlerweile in der Lage, materialspezifische Anforderungen zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen abzuleiten. Aktuell gibt es jedoch keine standardisierten Vorgehensstrategien und Hilfen, die den Planer bei der Umsetzung der daraus entstehenden prozessbezogenen Herausforderungen unterst��tzen. Schadstoffarme Projekte werden h��ufig als Individualwerk, mit immer wieder neu konzipierten Abl��ufen, von Experten durchgef��hrt. Bereits entwickelte Expertenl��sungen verbleiben als exklusives Wissen bei wenigen Fachplanern. Nur einzelne Teilprozesse sind als Strategiewissen f��r alle verf��gbar. Somit bleiben zu viele Fragen und Unsicherheiten zur Planung und Bauausf��hrung offen, Experten sind nach wie vor notwendig, wenn besonders schadstoffarm gebaut werden soll. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer prozessbezogenen Vorgehensstrategie zur Qualit��tssicherung des schadstoffarmen Planens und Bauens. Eine praxisnahe Systematik soll ���neue��� Abl��ufe und Zusammenh��nge f��r Planer aufzeigen, um fr��hzeitig Risiken zu vermeiden. Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie zu theoretischen Risikomodellen und beispielhaften Bauteilbetrachtungen wird eine qualitative Studie mit der Methode der Experteninterviews durchgef��hrt, um Expertenwissen und deren Planungswissen zu explizieren und f��r die Ergebniserstellung zu interpretieren. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung werden sieben sog. ���neue��� Kernprozesse zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen definiert und mit Checklisten hinterlegt. Um aufzuzeigen, wie der theoretische Ansatz in eine praxisnahe Anwendung ��berf��hrt werden muss, folgt eine zweite Ausarbeitungsstufe. In dieser werden die Modelle und die Checklisten zu einem Strategiemuster zusammengef��hrt. F��r zwei Bauteile k��nnen hiernach eine Bauteilmatrix, Bauteilmuster und Hilfetexte erstellt werden. Die entwickelte Vorgehensstrategie stellt eine praxisnahe Planungshilfe zur Qualit��tssicherung dar und besteht aus folgenden 4 Ebenen: - Ebene E.1 ���Strategiemuster��� - ��berblick Risikobereiche. - Ebene E.2 ���Bauteilmuster��� - Vergleichsm��glichkeit Bauteile. - Ebene E.3 ���Bauteilmatrix��� - Kurzhinweise Risiken. - Ebene E.4 ���Strategiebl��tter��� - Handlungsanweisung. Clients more and more ask for healthy living and working environments. Planers see themselves challenged to fulfill these requests. They benefit from product information, which aims to support them, and which evolves ongoing. But nevertheless, currently, there are no standardized and freely accessible procedural strategies and aids, supporting the planner in implementing these specified requirements in planning and construction processes. Project management is often carried by an individual with him constantly redesigned processes. This comes with a large number of questions and uncertainties in regards to planning and construction, resulting in the consultation of an expert. The aim of the following research work is the development of a process-related strategy, which helps to qualitatively manage planning and construction processes of environmentally-friendly projects, projects that contain fewer pollutants. New processes are to modeled in step with actual practice in order to avoid risks early enough. Based on a preliminary study of theoretical risk models and exemplary construction components, a qualitative study helps to explicate expert knowledge and strategies by using the method of expert interviews. As a research result, seven so-called "new" key processes are defined for the planning and construction of projects with fewer pollutants. These results are displayed as two-dimensional models in various levels of detail and are supplemented by so-called checklists. In order to transmit these theoretical approaches into a practical application, a strategy pattern is developed out of the models and the checklists. In addition, this pattern is verified du to an exemplification with the examples of two external walls. As a result, a matrix as well as a pattern for each construction element can be deviated. Due to the complementation by additional information and the design of a so called strategic data sheet, the scheme and its elements for the quality management system can be identified and defined as the following: - Level 1 E.1 ���Strategy Pattern��� - overview risks. - Level 2 E.2 ���Construction Element Matrix��� - comparison of constructions. - Level 3 E.3 ���Construction Element Pattern��� - key information. - Level 4 E.4 ���Strategic Data Sheet��� - additional information.

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    Authors: König, Andreas;

    Die energetische Nutzung von Biomasse umfasst eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen und alternativen Pfaden zur Endenergiebereitstellung. Feste, flüssige und gasförmige Bioenergieträger können über thermische, thermo-chemische, physikalisch-chemische und biologisch-chemische Konversionsverfahren alternativ in Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoffe überführt werden. Dabei stehen der Möglichkeit durch die Biomassenutzung einen Beitrag zur Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen (THG-Emissionen) und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger zu leisten, erhöhte Kosten im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Bereitstellungsverfahren gegenüber. Zudem gilt im Hinblick auf einen Ausbau der Bioenergie zu berücksichtigen, dass trotz des regenerativen Charakters der Biomasse als erneuerbare Energiequelle, die Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale in Deutschland begrenzt sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Analyse und Bewertung unterschiedlicher energetischer Nutzungspfade von Biomasse unter technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Gesichtspunkten vor dem Hintergrund energie- und umweltpolitischer Zielsetzungen einerseits und der Biomassepotenziale in Deutschland andererseits. Dafür wurden für eine Auswahl an heute und zukünftig wichtigen Prozessketten der Energieträgerproduktion und -nutzung sowohl Energie- und Stoffstrombilanzen erstellt als auch die Kosten der Energiegestehung berechnet. Anhand der unterschiedlichen daraus ableitbaren technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Aspekte erfolgt eine umfassende Bewertung der Nutzungspfade. Im Hinblick auf die Konkurrenz zu anderen erneuerbaren und den konventionellen Verfahren der Energiebereitstellung im Energiesystem Deutschland wurden die Nutzungsoptionen für Biomasse anhand einer modellgestützten Szenarioanalyse zudem systemisch bewertet. Durch die Analyse und Bewertung konnten vorteilhafte Nutzungspfade für die Endenergiebereitstellung aus Biomasse im Hinblick auf eine effiziente Biomassenutzung und eine kostengünstige Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen identifiziert werden. Es zeigt sich, dass die Wärmebereitstellung im Hinblick auf die Gesamtheit der hier untersuchten Aspekte die vorteilhafteste Nutzungsoption darstellt. Sie ist aufgrund der höheren Effizienz bei der Biomasseumwandlung sowohl der KWK-Nutzung von Festbrennstoffen als auch der Bereitstellung gasförmiger Kraftstoffe vorzuziehen. Demgegenüber erweisen sich sowohl die Bereitstellung von Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation, wie z. B. Biodiesel aus Raps und Ethanol aus Zuckerrüben, als auch die Nutzung von Biogas mit geringen Wärmenutzungsgraden als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Es zeigt sich deutlich, dass der Effizienz der Biomassebereitstellung und -konversion vor den hier erarbeiteten Ergebnissen eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit bei der zukünftigen Bioenergienutzung in Deutschland zukommen sollte, da diese nicht nur einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Gesamteffizienz der Nutzungspfade sondern auch auf andere Aspekte, wie z. B. die spezifischen Emissionen und das Substitutionspotenzial für fossile Energieträger aufweist. Zudem wird klar, dass insbesondere bei den Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation eine verstärkte energetische Nutzung der Koppelprodukte zur Verbesserung der Energiebilanz erfolgen sollte. Ohne die Koppelproduktnutzung erweisen sich die Gesamteffizienzen dieser Prozessketten als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Die hier erarbeiteten Ergebnisse zeigen überdies, dass durch die Nutzung heimischer Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale ein nennenswerter und vergleichsweise kostengünstiger Beitrag zur Minderung der energiebedingten THG-Emissionen und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger im Energiesystem Deutschland geleistet werden kann. Rund 1.097 PJ/a an Endenergie in Form von Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoff können bei einer konsequenten Verfolgung der Klimaschutzziele bis zum Jahr 2030 durch Biomasse bereitgestellt werden. Damit kann in Deutschland im Jahr 2030 ein Anteil der heimischen Biomasse am Primärenergieverbrauch von rund 14,0 % und ein Anteil der Bioenergie am Endenergieverbrauch von 11,1 % erreicht werden. The energetic utilization of biomass comprises many different and alternative pathways for the provision of different kinds of end energy. Solid, liquid and gaseous bioenergy carriers can be transferred to heat, power and transport fuels via thermal, thermo-chemical, physio-chemical and bio-chemical conversion technologies. The preferable characteristics of biomass utilization, such as the possibility to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels, compete against the relatively high costs compared to conventional energy provision technologies. Additionally, the potentials of biomass and agricultural area for energy crop production in Germany are limited. The aim of this study is therefore the analysis and assessment of different energetic utilization pathways of biomass under technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of energy and environment policy goals on the one hand and the limited biomass potential on the other hand. For a sample of current and prospective important process chains of the production and utilization of bioenergy carriers the energy and mass flows were balanced. In addition the energy provision costs were calculated. The following step was the integration of the different technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of a comprehensive assessment. With regard to the competition to other renewable energies and to the conventional methods of energy supply in the energy system of Germany the utilization options were systematically assessed by means of a model based approach. Due to the analysis and assessment favourable utilization pathways for the energy provision from biomass could be identified. The results show, that the heat provision has to be evaluated as the most favourable utilization option under technical, economical and ecological aspects. Due to higher efficiencies of the biomass conversion the heat provision is more preferable than the CHP use of solid biomass as well as the provision of gaseous fuels. In contrast to that, the provision of 1st generation bio fuels, e. g. biodiesel from rapeseed and ethanol from sugar beet as well as the utilization of biogas with low heat use, has to be assessed rather less favourable. Given the presented results, the efficiency of the biomass production and conversion should play a major role in the future configuration of bioenergy in the energy system of Germany due to the high influence on the overall efficiency of the process chains and other aspects like the specific emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels. Like the efficiency the energetic utilization of by products, especially in the case of the production of 1st generation biofuels should be enhanced to improve the energy balance of these pathways. The results affirm that the utilization of national biomass and land area potentials can contribute considerably and relatively cost efficient to the reduction of GHG emissions and the substitution of fossil energy carriers. About 1,097 PJ per year in form of heat, power and transport fuels can be provided when the optimistic GHG reduction targets till 2030 will be met. In this case the national biomass shows a share of 14.0 % of primary energy demand and 11.1 % of end energy consumption.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2009
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2009
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    Authors: König, Andreas;

    Die energetische Nutzung von Biomasse umfasst eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen und alternativen Pfaden zur Endenergiebereitstellung. Feste, flüssige und gasförmige Bioenergieträger können über thermische, thermo-chemische, physikalisch-chemische und biologisch-chemische Konversionsverfahren alternativ in Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoffe überführt werden. Dabei stehen der Möglichkeit durch die Biomassenutzung einen Beitrag zur Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen (THG-Emissionen) und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger zu leisten, erhöhte Kosten im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Bereitstellungsverfahren gegenüber. Zudem gilt im Hinblick auf einen Ausbau der Bioenergie zu berücksichtigen, dass trotz des regenerativen Charakters der Biomasse als erneuerbare Energiequelle, die Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale in Deutschland begrenzt sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Analyse und Bewertung unterschiedlicher energetischer Nutzungspfade von Biomasse unter technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Gesichtspunkten vor dem Hintergrund energie- und umweltpolitischer Zielsetzungen einerseits und der Biomassepotenziale in Deutschland andererseits. Dafür wurden für eine Auswahl an heute und zukünftig wichtigen Prozessketten der Energieträgerproduktion und -nutzung sowohl Energie- und Stoffstrombilanzen erstellt als auch die Kosten der Energiegestehung berechnet. Anhand der unterschiedlichen daraus ableitbaren technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Aspekte erfolgt eine umfassende Bewertung der Nutzungspfade. Im Hinblick auf die Konkurrenz zu anderen erneuerbaren und den konventionellen Verfahren der Energiebereitstellung im Energiesystem Deutschland wurden die Nutzungsoptionen für Biomasse anhand einer modellgestützten Szenarioanalyse zudem systemisch bewertet. Durch die Analyse und Bewertung konnten vorteilhafte Nutzungspfade für die Endenergiebereitstellung aus Biomasse im Hinblick auf eine effiziente Biomassenutzung und eine kostengünstige Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen identifiziert werden. Es zeigt sich, dass die Wärmebereitstellung im Hinblick auf die Gesamtheit der hier untersuchten Aspekte die vorteilhafteste Nutzungsoption darstellt. Sie ist aufgrund der höheren Effizienz bei der Biomasseumwandlung sowohl der KWK-Nutzung von Festbrennstoffen als auch der Bereitstellung gasförmiger Kraftstoffe vorzuziehen. Demgegenüber erweisen sich sowohl die Bereitstellung von Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation, wie z. B. Biodiesel aus Raps und Ethanol aus Zuckerrüben, als auch die Nutzung von Biogas mit geringen Wärmenutzungsgraden als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Es zeigt sich deutlich, dass der Effizienz der Biomassebereitstellung und -konversion vor den hier erarbeiteten Ergebnissen eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit bei der zukünftigen Bioenergienutzung in Deutschland zukommen sollte, da diese nicht nur einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Gesamteffizienz der Nutzungspfade sondern auch auf andere Aspekte, wie z. B. die spezifischen Emissionen und das Substitutionspotenzial für fossile Energieträger aufweist. Zudem wird klar, dass insbesondere bei den Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation eine verstärkte energetische Nutzung der Koppelprodukte zur Verbesserung der Energiebilanz erfolgen sollte. Ohne die Koppelproduktnutzung erweisen sich die Gesamteffizienzen dieser Prozessketten als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Die hier erarbeiteten Ergebnisse zeigen überdies, dass durch die Nutzung heimischer Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale ein nennenswerter und vergleichsweise kostengünstiger Beitrag zur Minderung der energiebedingten THG-Emissionen und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger im Energiesystem Deutschland geleistet werden kann. Rund 1.097 PJ/a an Endenergie in Form von Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoff können bei einer konsequenten Verfolgung der Klimaschutzziele bis zum Jahr 2030 durch Biomasse bereitgestellt werden. Damit kann in Deutschland im Jahr 2030 ein Anteil der heimischen Biomasse am Primärenergieverbrauch von rund 14,0 % und ein Anteil der Bioenergie am Endenergieverbrauch von 11,1 % erreicht werden. The energetic utilization of biomass comprises many different and alternative pathways for the provision of different kinds of end energy. Solid, liquid and gaseous bioenergy carriers can be transferred to heat, power and transport fuels via thermal, thermo-chemical, physio-chemical and bio-chemical conversion technologies. The preferable characteristics of biomass utilization, such as the possibility to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels, compete against the relatively high costs compared to conventional energy provision technologies. Additionally, the potentials of biomass and agricultural area for energy crop production in Germany are limited. The aim of this study is therefore the analysis and assessment of different energetic utilization pathways of biomass under technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of energy and environment policy goals on the one hand and the limited biomass potential on the other hand. For a sample of current and prospective important process chains of the production and utilization of bioenergy carriers the energy and mass flows were balanced. In addition the energy provision costs were calculated. The following step was the integration of the different technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of a comprehensive assessment. With regard to the competition to other renewable energies and to the conventional methods of energy supply in the energy system of Germany the utilization options were systematically assessed by means of a model based approach. Due to the analysis and assessment favourable utilization pathways for the energy provision from biomass could be identified. The results show, that the heat provision has to be evaluated as the most favourable utilization option under technical, economical and ecological aspects. Due to higher efficiencies of the biomass conversion the heat provision is more preferable than the CHP use of solid biomass as well as the provision of gaseous fuels. In contrast to that, the provision of 1st generation bio fuels, e. g. biodiesel from rapeseed and ethanol from sugar beet as well as the utilization of biogas with low heat use, has to be assessed rather less favourable. Given the presented results, the efficiency of the biomass production and conversion should play a major role in the future configuration of bioenergy in the energy system of Germany due to the high influence on the overall efficiency of the process chains and other aspects like the specific emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels. Like the efficiency the energetic utilization of by products, especially in the case of the production of 1st generation biofuels should be enhanced to improve the energy balance of these pathways. The results affirm that the utilization of national biomass and land area potentials can contribute considerably and relatively cost efficient to the reduction of GHG emissions and the substitution of fossil energy carriers. About 1,097 PJ per year in form of heat, power and transport fuels can be provided when the optimistic GHG reduction targets till 2030 will be met. In this case the national biomass shows a share of 14.0 % of primary energy demand and 11.1 % of end energy consumption.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2009
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2009
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    Authors: Fritz, Martin;

    Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Besonderheiten Genossenschaften zu beispielhaften Akteuren der Nachhaltigkeit und nachhaltigen Arbeit machen. Dazu wird ein Begriff der Nachhaltigkeit eingeführt, in dem die drei Dimensionen des Ökonomischen, Sozialen und Ökologischen wechselseitig aufeinander bezogen sind und auf die Tätigkeit der Arbeit angewandt werden. Anschließend werden die vorwiegend in lokalen Kontexten tätigen Genossenschaften als Unternehmens- und Rechtsform vorgestellt. Wichtige Leitideen wie Kooperation, Partizipation und Autonomie werden erläutert und als spezifisch genossenschaftliche Merkmale das Identitätsprinzip sowie der Förderzweck identifiziert. Entlang der drei Nachhaltigkeitsdimensionen verdeutlichen die im Folgenden diskutierten theoretischen Argumente und empirisches Datenmaterial, wie diese beiden Prinzipien zu nachhaltiger Arbeit führen. Dabei werden auch Parallelen gezogen zu den Kriterien einer erfolgreichen Bewirtschaftung von Gemeingütern (Commons) und schließlich auf die Notwendigkeit von repräsentativen Studien zu Genossenschaften verwiesen, um Wissen darüber zu erlangen, wie deren Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale auch in anderen Unternehmensformen und über lokale Zusammenhänge hinaus genutzt werden können. This paper investigates the values and principles of cooperatives and relates them to the triple bottom line of sustainability: economic, social and ecological. Sustainable work is conceptualized in a similar way understanding the three dimensions as interdependent aspects of using resources responsibly. Furthermore, the mainly locally operating cooperatives are discussed as a legal form of a company. Their guiding principles such as solidarity, democratic participation and autonomy are introduced and two distinguishing features recognized: the identity principle and the purpose of self-help. Following the three dimensions of sustainability, the article discusses theoretical arguments and presents empirical data showing how these two principles lead to a realization of sustainable work. The paper also draws parallels between cooperatives' principles and managing the 'commons'. It concludes calling for representative surveys on cooperatives in order to learn more about how to apply cooperatives' principles in other companies and beyond local realities. AIS-Studien

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      Publications at Bielefeld University
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    Authors: Fritz, Martin;

    Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Besonderheiten Genossenschaften zu beispielhaften Akteuren der Nachhaltigkeit und nachhaltigen Arbeit machen. Dazu wird ein Begriff der Nachhaltigkeit eingeführt, in dem die drei Dimensionen des Ökonomischen, Sozialen und Ökologischen wechselseitig aufeinander bezogen sind und auf die Tätigkeit der Arbeit angewandt werden. Anschließend werden die vorwiegend in lokalen Kontexten tätigen Genossenschaften als Unternehmens- und Rechtsform vorgestellt. Wichtige Leitideen wie Kooperation, Partizipation und Autonomie werden erläutert und als spezifisch genossenschaftliche Merkmale das Identitätsprinzip sowie der Förderzweck identifiziert. Entlang der drei Nachhaltigkeitsdimensionen verdeutlichen die im Folgenden diskutierten theoretischen Argumente und empirisches Datenmaterial, wie diese beiden Prinzipien zu nachhaltiger Arbeit führen. Dabei werden auch Parallelen gezogen zu den Kriterien einer erfolgreichen Bewirtschaftung von Gemeingütern (Commons) und schließlich auf die Notwendigkeit von repräsentativen Studien zu Genossenschaften verwiesen, um Wissen darüber zu erlangen, wie deren Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale auch in anderen Unternehmensformen und über lokale Zusammenhänge hinaus genutzt werden können. This paper investigates the values and principles of cooperatives and relates them to the triple bottom line of sustainability: economic, social and ecological. Sustainable work is conceptualized in a similar way understanding the three dimensions as interdependent aspects of using resources responsibly. Furthermore, the mainly locally operating cooperatives are discussed as a legal form of a company. Their guiding principles such as solidarity, democratic participation and autonomy are introduced and two distinguishing features recognized: the identity principle and the purpose of self-help. Following the three dimensions of sustainability, the article discusses theoretical arguments and presents empirical data showing how these two principles lead to a realization of sustainable work. The paper also draws parallels between cooperatives' principles and managing the 'commons'. It concludes calling for representative surveys on cooperatives in order to learn more about how to apply cooperatives' principles in other companies and beyond local realities. AIS-Studien

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    BiPrints
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    Publications at Bielefeld University
    Article . 2017
    License: "In Copyright" Rights Statement
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    Other literature type . 2017
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    Authors: Müller, Anna-Lisa;

    This paper argues that the sustainability paradigm is currently used to transform industrial port cities into creative sustainable cities (Müller, 2013). Based on empirical data from the city of Dublin, I show that the sustainability paradigm is combined with the creative city paradigm to revitalize inner-city quarters. This urban planning strategy includes a focus on the creative class (Florida, 2004) and aims at integrating the old in the new, both in architectural and social terms. With this, it tries to be an integrative urban revitalization strategy. In the course of the 20th century, the Irish society developed from an industrial to a postindustrial, knowledge-based society (Bell, 1973; Drucker, 1993). New occupations emerged, making new forms of working spaces and modes of transport necessary, and a growing population now asks for a new kind of living spaces. Additionally, inner-city quarters have become increasingly popular with people working in knowledge-intensive industries. Consequently, city planners have initiated a revitalization process in these quarters, and they used two urban planning paradigms â creative cities (Florida, 2005) and sustainability â as guidelines for urban regeneration. This strategy aims to transform the whole city, but the single districts have to be the object of investigation when empirically approaching the changes of the built environment. Here we see that a threefold understanding of sustainability is used to integrate the demands of the new social groups in those of existing communities. Thus, the approaches used in the districts differ: (1) In The Liberties, home of a new-build technology cluster, the focus is on an economically sustainable development. (2) In Temple Bar, Dublin's cultural quarter, the emphasis is on a socially sustainable approach. (3) In the Docklands, the area of the old inner-city harbor, an attempt is made to combine all three dimensions of sustainability by creating new buildings (ecological sustainability) for both 'old' and 'new'1 inhabitants (social sustainability) and work space for growing industries like the knowledge-intensive industries (economic sustainability). The urban revitalization strategies have one thing in common: The inner-city districts dispose of a number of protected buildings which have to be integrated in the re-structuring of the quarters. Therefore, these buildings are renovated and combined with new buildings to form an architectural and spatial image of Dublin as a city with a future that is rooted in the city's industrial past. In this sense, the urban regeneration approach even has a notion of architectural and historical sustainability. San Francisco

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    Authors: Müller, Anna-Lisa;

    This paper argues that the sustainability paradigm is currently used to transform industrial port cities into creative sustainable cities (Müller, 2013). Based on empirical data from the city of Dublin, I show that the sustainability paradigm is combined with the creative city paradigm to revitalize inner-city quarters. This urban planning strategy includes a focus on the creative class (Florida, 2004) and aims at integrating the old in the new, both in architectural and social terms. With this, it tries to be an integrative urban revitalization strategy. In the course of the 20th century, the Irish society developed from an industrial to a postindustrial, knowledge-based society (Bell, 1973; Drucker, 1993). New occupations emerged, making new forms of working spaces and modes of transport necessary, and a growing population now asks for a new kind of living spaces. Additionally, inner-city quarters have become increasingly popular with people working in knowledge-intensive industries. Consequently, city planners have initiated a revitalization process in these quarters, and they used two urban planning paradigms â creative cities (Florida, 2005) and sustainability â as guidelines for urban regeneration. This strategy aims to transform the whole city, but the single districts have to be the object of investigation when empirically approaching the changes of the built environment. Here we see that a threefold understanding of sustainability is used to integrate the demands of the new social groups in those of existing communities. Thus, the approaches used in the districts differ: (1) In The Liberties, home of a new-build technology cluster, the focus is on an economically sustainable development. (2) In Temple Bar, Dublin's cultural quarter, the emphasis is on a socially sustainable approach. (3) In the Docklands, the area of the old inner-city harbor, an attempt is made to combine all three dimensions of sustainability by creating new buildings (ecological sustainability) for both 'old' and 'new'1 inhabitants (social sustainability) and work space for growing industries like the knowledge-intensive industries (economic sustainability). The urban revitalization strategies have one thing in common: The inner-city districts dispose of a number of protected buildings which have to be integrated in the re-structuring of the quarters. Therefore, these buildings are renovated and combined with new buildings to form an architectural and spatial image of Dublin as a city with a future that is rooted in the city's industrial past. In this sense, the urban regeneration approach even has a notion of architectural and historical sustainability. San Francisco

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    Authors: Bernabeu Peña, Marc;

    This thesis aims to study the European research opportunity of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt’s (DLR) Facility of Laboratories for Sustainable Habitation (FLaSH) project. FLaSH’s main goal is to research, develop and test Life Support Systems (LSS) technologies for materially closedloop environments, for space and terrestrial application. The core element of the FLaSH is the Habitation Module Complex (HMC), which integrates 12 interconnected modules, each one of them addressing a LSS’s domain in order to achieve a self-reliant habitat: Air, Water, Waste, Greenhouse, Food, Animal, Living, Sickbay, In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), Workshop and Energy. As a first step, the literature on LSS and the most relevant infrastructures dedicated to LSS development were reviewed. Successively, FLaSH’s preliminary study conducted in 2012 at the DLR’s Concurrent Engineering Facility (CEF) was analysed. The review on the LSS and FLaSH allowed for the identification of 110 candidate technologies. Finally, a survey was carried out on 172 European entities, identified as potential participants, in order to generate primary data for the FLaSH’s research opportunity study. The survey collected a total of 36 valid responses. Survey respondents revealed that 27 entities, from 15 European countries manifested a potential interest in participation and cooperation with FLaSH. The Air, Water, Waste, Greenhouse modules were identified as the most interesting. Participants’ preferred methods of collaboration comprised technology testing and development as well as advisory services. The majority of the participants, 26, backboned FLaSH’s dual approach of developing closed technologies for space and terrestrial applications.

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    DLR publication server
    Master thesis . 2015
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    Authors: Bernabeu Peña, Marc;

    This thesis aims to study the European research opportunity of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt’s (DLR) Facility of Laboratories for Sustainable Habitation (FLaSH) project. FLaSH’s main goal is to research, develop and test Life Support Systems (LSS) technologies for materially closedloop environments, for space and terrestrial application. The core element of the FLaSH is the Habitation Module Complex (HMC), which integrates 12 interconnected modules, each one of them addressing a LSS’s domain in order to achieve a self-reliant habitat: Air, Water, Waste, Greenhouse, Food, Animal, Living, Sickbay, In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), Workshop and Energy. As a first step, the literature on LSS and the most relevant infrastructures dedicated to LSS development were reviewed. Successively, FLaSH’s preliminary study conducted in 2012 at the DLR’s Concurrent Engineering Facility (CEF) was analysed. The review on the LSS and FLaSH allowed for the identification of 110 candidate technologies. Finally, a survey was carried out on 172 European entities, identified as potential participants, in order to generate primary data for the FLaSH’s research opportunity study. The survey collected a total of 36 valid responses. Survey respondents revealed that 27 entities, from 15 European countries manifested a potential interest in participation and cooperation with FLaSH. The Air, Water, Waste, Greenhouse modules were identified as the most interesting. Participants’ preferred methods of collaboration comprised technology testing and development as well as advisory services. The majority of the participants, 26, backboned FLaSH’s dual approach of developing closed technologies for space and terrestrial applications.

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    Authors: Marheineke, Torsten; Krewitt, Wolfram; Neubarth, Jürgen; Friedrich, Rainer; +1 Authors

    Energy and material flows caused by human activities have essential influence on human beings and the environment. These impacts should be taken into consideration in case of evaluating technologies with regard to a sustainable development. Therefore, it was goal of the project to quantify the impacts caused by different technologies of electricity and heat supply and to consider not only the process of energy transformation, but also the up- and downstream processes as fuel supply, waste disposal, the construction and dismantling of the power plant etc. The work carried out includes the development of methods for life cycle assessment, the compilation of a database, the develop-ment of an appropriate software tool for life cycle assessment and finally the assessments of various energy supply technologies itself. Besides the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and the extraction of raw materials, results are quantified for the cumulated energy demand as well as the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems, impacts on human health and damages on materials and plants. Finally, the monetary evaluation is used to quantify damages costs for the impact categories human health, material and plant damages, and avoidance costs für the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems and the greenhause effect. Anthropogen umgesetzte Energie- und Stoffströme können mit wesentlichen Auswirkungen für Mensch und Umwelt verbunden sein. Um diese Auswirkungen bei der Beurteilung von Energieversorgungstechniken berücksichtigen zu können, werden in dem vorliegenden Bericht für verschiedene Techniken zur Strom- und Wärmebereitstellung die Stoff- und Energieströme über den gesamten Lebensweg quantifiziert und die aus ihnen resultierenden Auswirkungen auf Mensch und Umwelt abgeschätzt. Berücksichtigte Wirkungskategorien sind der Treibhauseffekt, die Versauerung und Eutrophierung von Böden und Gewässern, Risiken für die menschliche Gesundheit, Ressourcenverzehr, Materialschäden und die Schädigung von Nutzpflanzen.

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    Authors: Marheineke, Torsten; Krewitt, Wolfram; Neubarth, Jürgen; Friedrich, Rainer; +1 Authors

    Energy and material flows caused by human activities have essential influence on human beings and the environment. These impacts should be taken into consideration in case of evaluating technologies with regard to a sustainable development. Therefore, it was goal of the project to quantify the impacts caused by different technologies of electricity and heat supply and to consider not only the process of energy transformation, but also the up- and downstream processes as fuel supply, waste disposal, the construction and dismantling of the power plant etc. The work carried out includes the development of methods for life cycle assessment, the compilation of a database, the develop-ment of an appropriate software tool for life cycle assessment and finally the assessments of various energy supply technologies itself. Besides the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and the extraction of raw materials, results are quantified for the cumulated energy demand as well as the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems, impacts on human health and damages on materials and plants. Finally, the monetary evaluation is used to quantify damages costs for the impact categories human health, material and plant damages, and avoidance costs für the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems and the greenhause effect. Anthropogen umgesetzte Energie- und Stoffströme können mit wesentlichen Auswirkungen für Mensch und Umwelt verbunden sein. Um diese Auswirkungen bei der Beurteilung von Energieversorgungstechniken berücksichtigen zu können, werden in dem vorliegenden Bericht für verschiedene Techniken zur Strom- und Wärmebereitstellung die Stoff- und Energieströme über den gesamten Lebensweg quantifiziert und die aus ihnen resultierenden Auswirkungen auf Mensch und Umwelt abgeschätzt. Berücksichtigte Wirkungskategorien sind der Treibhauseffekt, die Versauerung und Eutrophierung von Böden und Gewässern, Risiken für die menschliche Gesundheit, Ressourcenverzehr, Materialschäden und die Schädigung von Nutzpflanzen.

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    Authors: Elmenhorst, Eva-Maria; Benderoth, S.; Vejvoda, M.; Wenzel, J.; +1 Authors

    Introduction The sleep inducing effects of alcohol as well as the increase in sleep propensity and sleepiness after sleep loss have been linked to the adenosinergic system in the brain. While the performance impairing effects of ethanol have partly been related to the inhibitory effects of cerebral adenosine, sleep loss has been found to increase adenosine receptor density. The interindividual variability of cognitive performance impairments after alcohol intake as well as after sleep loss is extensive. Thus, we examined in humans whether performance degradations resulting from sleep loss and alcohol consumption are related. Methods Performance in a 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) was tested in 47 healthy volunteers (mean age 27 ± 5 (SD) years, 21 females) at 6 pm 1) after an 8 hour control night, 2) after alcohol consumption (aiming at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08%), and 3) after 35 hours of total sleep deprivation. After alcohol intake, 35 of the participants reached a BAC of more than 0.06% prior to the performance testing (mean BAC 0.074%, SD 0.009%, min. 0.063%, max. 0.095%) and were included in the analyses. Two recovery nights were scheduled between conditions. Results Performance impairments due to acute alcohol intake and due to 35 hours of sustained wakefulness were calculated as differences from performance under control conditions. The degree in performance degradation correlated highly between both conditions (i.e. 10% slowest reaction times: Pearson’s r=0.73, p<0.0001; standard deviation of reaction times: r=0.75, p<0.0001; mean reaction time: r=0.59, p=0.0002). Conclusions Participants whose PVT performance proved to be vulnerable to the effects of alcohol consumption were also vulnerable to sleep loss, whereas individuals who were resilient against the effects of alcohol were also less susceptible to the impact of sleep deprivation. These results suggest that the effects of alcohol and sleep deprivation on performance are mediated – at least in part – by a common pathway that may involve the adenosinergic system in the brain.

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    Authors: Elmenhorst, Eva-Maria; Benderoth, S.; Vejvoda, M.; Wenzel, J.; +1 Authors

    Introduction The sleep inducing effects of alcohol as well as the increase in sleep propensity and sleepiness after sleep loss have been linked to the adenosinergic system in the brain. While the performance impairing effects of ethanol have partly been related to the inhibitory effects of cerebral adenosine, sleep loss has been found to increase adenosine receptor density. The interindividual variability of cognitive performance impairments after alcohol intake as well as after sleep loss is extensive. Thus, we examined in humans whether performance degradations resulting from sleep loss and alcohol consumption are related. Methods Performance in a 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) was tested in 47 healthy volunteers (mean age 27 ± 5 (SD) years, 21 females) at 6 pm 1) after an 8 hour control night, 2) after alcohol consumption (aiming at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08%), and 3) after 35 hours of total sleep deprivation. After alcohol intake, 35 of the participants reached a BAC of more than 0.06% prior to the performance testing (mean BAC 0.074%, SD 0.009%, min. 0.063%, max. 0.095%) and were included in the analyses. Two recovery nights were scheduled between conditions. Results Performance impairments due to acute alcohol intake and due to 35 hours of sustained wakefulness were calculated as differences from performance under control conditions. The degree in performance degradation correlated highly between both conditions (i.e. 10% slowest reaction times: Pearson’s r=0.73, p<0.0001; standard deviation of reaction times: r=0.75, p<0.0001; mean reaction time: r=0.59, p=0.0002). Conclusions Participants whose PVT performance proved to be vulnerable to the effects of alcohol consumption were also vulnerable to sleep loss, whereas individuals who were resilient against the effects of alcohol were also less susceptible to the impact of sleep deprivation. These results suggest that the effects of alcohol and sleep deprivation on performance are mediated – at least in part – by a common pathway that may involve the adenosinergic system in the brain.

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    Authors: Hübel, Christian; Möller, Claudia; Jeutner, Marcus; Pahl-Weber, Elke; +3 Authors

    Welche Bedarfe, Ideen und Lösungen sehen hochqualifizierte Migrant*innen für eine nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung? Inwiefern eignet sich Urban Design Thinking als ko-kreative Methode und Impuls für städtische Transformationsprozesse? Was bringen solche ko-kreativen Stadtentwicklungsprozesse mit bestimmten Bevölkerungsgruppen einer Stadt wie Mannheim und wie fügen sie sich in die Stadtpolitik ein? Wie kann man andere Städte dafür interessieren, was im Mannheimer Reallabor erprobt und erarbeitet wird? Diese neugierigen Fragen waren der Ausgangspunkt zu einem Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozess, der sich zwischen 2016 und 2019 in der Stadt Mannheim im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Migrants4Cities. Hochqualifizierte Migrant*innen gestalten Zukunftsstädte entfaltete. Migrants4Cities hat mit Urban Design Thinking in einem ko-kreativen Arbeitsprozess zu zentralen Stadtentwicklungsthemen in Mannheim real experimentiert und versteht sich daher als Reallabor. Die Antworten, die das Verbundteam aus der Stadt Mannheim, dem Fachgebiet für Bestandsentwicklung und Erneuerung von Siedlungseinheiten der Technischen Universität Berlin und dem inter 3 Institut für Ressourcenmanagement auf die eingangs formulierten Fragen gefunden hat, werden in diesem Sammelband präsentiert. Das Buch zeigt auf, warum Ko-Kreation auch in der Stadtentwicklung zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt und wie mit Urban Design Thinking solche ko-kreativen, am Bedarf der Menschen ausgerichtete Arbeitsprozesse im städtischen Kontext strukturiert und umgesetzt werden können. Es bietet anschauliche Einblicke, wie Urban Design Thinking im Projekt Migrants4Cities eingesetzt wurde, welche Personen in die Arbeit eingebunden waren, was den Arbeitsprozess ausgezeichnet hat und welche Ergebnisse erarbeitet wurden. Basierend auf diesen Erfahrungen wird der ko-kreative Ansatz in Mannheim reflektiert in Bezug auf: die Besonderheiten in der Anwendung von Urban Design Thinking, die Einbindung solcher Vorgehensweisen in die Routinen städtischer Governance, die Mobilisierung und Einbindung der Migrant*innen sowie den Transfer von Ergebnissen in andere Städte. Ermöglicht wurde Migrants4Cities durch die Förderung des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung im Rahmen des Programms Nachhaltige Transformation urbaner Räume. Which needs, ideas and solutions do migrants identify for a sustainable urban development? Is Urban Design Thinking a suitable method to enable co-creation in urban transformation processes? What are the effects and benefits of such co-creative approaches in a city like Mannheim with its very diverse population, and how do they practically fit into urban governance? How can the interest of other cities be aroused for what is happening in an experimental setting like in Mannheim? These curious questions have been the starting point for a research and development process that took place in Mannheim between 2016 and 2019 within the project Migrants4Cities. High-qualified migrants design future cities. The project experimented with Urban Design Thinking in a real-life, co-creative urban laboratory on key challenges of urban development. This book presents answers to the questions mentioned above, that have been developed by the project team consisting of the City of Mannheim, the Chair for Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development at TU Berlin and inter 3 Institute for Resource Management. The book describes why co-creation gains importance in urban development and how Urban Design Thinking offers tools to structure implement such human-centred approaches focussing on the needs of the people also in urban settings. It offers illustrative insights how Urban Design Thinking was applied in the sub-projects of Migrants4Cities, which persons were involved, what characterized the working process and which results were elaborated. Based on these experiences the authors reflect the co-creative approach concerning: the peculiarities of applying Urban Design Thinking; the integration of such methods into the routines of urban governance; the mobilization and integration of migrants; and the transfer of results to other cities. The project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the program of Sustainable Transformation of Urban Areas. Gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, ISBN 978-3-7983-3129-7

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
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      Book . 2020
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    Authors: Hübel, Christian; Möller, Claudia; Jeutner, Marcus; Pahl-Weber, Elke; +3 Authors

    Welche Bedarfe, Ideen und Lösungen sehen hochqualifizierte Migrant*innen für eine nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung? Inwiefern eignet sich Urban Design Thinking als ko-kreative Methode und Impuls für städtische Transformationsprozesse? Was bringen solche ko-kreativen Stadtentwicklungsprozesse mit bestimmten Bevölkerungsgruppen einer Stadt wie Mannheim und wie fügen sie sich in die Stadtpolitik ein? Wie kann man andere Städte dafür interessieren, was im Mannheimer Reallabor erprobt und erarbeitet wird? Diese neugierigen Fragen waren der Ausgangspunkt zu einem Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozess, der sich zwischen 2016 und 2019 in der Stadt Mannheim im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Migrants4Cities. Hochqualifizierte Migrant*innen gestalten Zukunftsstädte entfaltete. Migrants4Cities hat mit Urban Design Thinking in einem ko-kreativen Arbeitsprozess zu zentralen Stadtentwicklungsthemen in Mannheim real experimentiert und versteht sich daher als Reallabor. Die Antworten, die das Verbundteam aus der Stadt Mannheim, dem Fachgebiet für Bestandsentwicklung und Erneuerung von Siedlungseinheiten der Technischen Universität Berlin und dem inter 3 Institut für Ressourcenmanagement auf die eingangs formulierten Fragen gefunden hat, werden in diesem Sammelband präsentiert. Das Buch zeigt auf, warum Ko-Kreation auch in der Stadtentwicklung zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt und wie mit Urban Design Thinking solche ko-kreativen, am Bedarf der Menschen ausgerichtete Arbeitsprozesse im städtischen Kontext strukturiert und umgesetzt werden können. Es bietet anschauliche Einblicke, wie Urban Design Thinking im Projekt Migrants4Cities eingesetzt wurde, welche Personen in die Arbeit eingebunden waren, was den Arbeitsprozess ausgezeichnet hat und welche Ergebnisse erarbeitet wurden. Basierend auf diesen Erfahrungen wird der ko-kreative Ansatz in Mannheim reflektiert in Bezug auf: die Besonderheiten in der Anwendung von Urban Design Thinking, die Einbindung solcher Vorgehensweisen in die Routinen städtischer Governance, die Mobilisierung und Einbindung der Migrant*innen sowie den Transfer von Ergebnissen in andere Städte. Ermöglicht wurde Migrants4Cities durch die Förderung des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung im Rahmen des Programms Nachhaltige Transformation urbaner Räume. Which needs, ideas and solutions do migrants identify for a sustainable urban development? Is Urban Design Thinking a suitable method to enable co-creation in urban transformation processes? What are the effects and benefits of such co-creative approaches in a city like Mannheim with its very diverse population, and how do they practically fit into urban governance? How can the interest of other cities be aroused for what is happening in an experimental setting like in Mannheim? These curious questions have been the starting point for a research and development process that took place in Mannheim between 2016 and 2019 within the project Migrants4Cities. High-qualified migrants design future cities. The project experimented with Urban Design Thinking in a real-life, co-creative urban laboratory on key challenges of urban development. This book presents answers to the questions mentioned above, that have been developed by the project team consisting of the City of Mannheim, the Chair for Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development at TU Berlin and inter 3 Institute for Resource Management. The book describes why co-creation gains importance in urban development and how Urban Design Thinking offers tools to structure implement such human-centred approaches focussing on the needs of the people also in urban settings. It offers illustrative insights how Urban Design Thinking was applied in the sub-projects of Migrants4Cities, which persons were involved, what characterized the working process and which results were elaborated. Based on these experiences the authors reflect the co-creative approach concerning: the peculiarities of applying Urban Design Thinking; the integration of such methods into the routines of urban governance; the mobilization and integration of migrants; and the transfer of results to other cities. The project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the program of Sustainable Transformation of Urban Areas. Gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, ISBN 978-3-7983-3129-7

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
      Book . 2020
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  • Authors: Heißenhuber, Alois; Zehetmeier, Monika;

    The increase in milk yield per cow in dairy farms has been proposed as one strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) per kg of product. However, besides milk beef can be considered as an important co-product of dairy farming. Thus, the whole system of milk and beef production has to be considered modelling GHG emissions from dairy farming. In order to remain milk and beef production constant suckler cows are needed to compensate for the reduction in beef output from dairy farming due to the increase in milk yield. If both milk and beef production are to remain constant, considerably increasing milk yield per cow could result in higher GHG emissions. Furthermore other side effects of increasing milk yield in dairy farming as competition with human food due to changing amounts of concentrates need to be mentioned. Für die Minderung der Treibhausgasemission je Produkteinheit wird die Leistungssteigerung in der Milchviehhaltung als eine wirksame Maßnahme betrachtet. Da in der Milchviehhaltung üblicherweise Milch und Fleisch erzeugt wird, ist eine Betrachtungsweise des Gesamtsystems erforderlich. Unter der Annahme einer konstanten Produktion an Milch und Rindfleisch, werden mit steigernder Milchleistung zusätzlich Mutterkühe zur Bereitstellung von Rindfleisch benötigt. Aufgrund dieser Zusammenhänge führt eine Steigerung der Milchleistung zu einem tendenziellen Anstieg der THG-Emissionen. Darüber hinaus sind noch Nebenwirkungen zu berücksichtigen, wie z.B. der Aspekt der Nahrungskonkurrenz bei unterschiedlichem Kraftfuttereinsatz. Jahrbuch Agrartechnik, vol. 24. 2012Jahrbuch Agrartechnik 2012, vol. 24.2012, p. 3

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  • Authors: Heißenhuber, Alois; Zehetmeier, Monika;

    The increase in milk yield per cow in dairy farms has been proposed as one strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) per kg of product. However, besides milk beef can be considered as an important co-product of dairy farming. Thus, the whole system of milk and beef production has to be considered modelling GHG emissions from dairy farming. In order to remain milk and beef production constant suckler cows are needed to compensate for the reduction in beef output from dairy farming due to the increase in milk yield. If both milk and beef production are to remain constant, considerably increasing milk yield per cow could result in higher GHG emissions. Furthermore other side effects of increasing milk yield in dairy farming as competition with human food due to changing amounts of concentrates need to be mentioned. Für die Minderung der Treibhausgasemission je Produkteinheit wird die Leistungssteigerung in der Milchviehhaltung als eine wirksame Maßnahme betrachtet. Da in der Milchviehhaltung üblicherweise Milch und Fleisch erzeugt wird, ist eine Betrachtungsweise des Gesamtsystems erforderlich. Unter der Annahme einer konstanten Produktion an Milch und Rindfleisch, werden mit steigernder Milchleistung zusätzlich Mutterkühe zur Bereitstellung von Rindfleisch benötigt. Aufgrund dieser Zusammenhänge führt eine Steigerung der Milchleistung zu einem tendenziellen Anstieg der THG-Emissionen. Darüber hinaus sind noch Nebenwirkungen zu berücksichtigen, wie z.B. der Aspekt der Nahrungskonkurrenz bei unterschiedlichem Kraftfuttereinsatz. Jahrbuch Agrartechnik, vol. 24. 2012Jahrbuch Agrartechnik 2012, vol. 24.2012, p. 3

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