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¿Cómo se diferencian las fincas cafeteras campesinas en función de variables socioeconómicas y manejo de recursos? Esta fue la pregunta que motivó el presente estudio. Se analizaron los conglomerados de 39 fincas de Puriscal, Costa Rica, para establecer una tipología en función de trece variables. Se definieron tres tipos de fincas: de tecnología orgánica (TO), de tecnología mixta (TM) y de tecnología convencional (TC). En cada conglomerado se construyó una finca hipotética para analizarla como estudio de caso. En cada caso se realizó un análisis económico para determinar indicadores financieros y beneficio familiar en el corto plazo; además, se determinó la productividad energética. Los más altos beneficios financieros en el corto plazo se obtuvieron en el modelo TC, comparados con los sistemas TO y TM. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista de la productividad energética, el modelo de caficultura orgánica presenta una mejor eficiencia, en la medida en que para producir un kilogramo (kg) de café en cereza se invirtieron 0,51 MJ/ kg, lo que representa la mitad de la energía requerida para producir el mismo kilogramo en los modelos TC (1,06 MJ/kg) y TM (0,97 MJ/kg). El estudio debe complementarse con seguimientos en el largo plazo. How do peasant coffee growing farms differ depending on socioeconomic variables and on resource management? That is precisely the question that motivated this study. The conglomerates of 39 farms in Puriscal, Costa Rica were analyzed, to establish a typology using thirteen variables. Three types of farms were defined: farms with organic technology (OT), farms with mixed technology (MT), and farms with conventional technology (CT). In each conglomerate, a hypothetical farm was built, to be analyzed as a case study. For each of these case studies, an economic analysis was made to determine short-term financial indicators and short-term family benefits; in addition, energy productivity was determined. The highest short-term financial benefits were obtained in the CT model as compared to those obtained in the OT and MT systems. However, for energy productivity, the organic coffee growing model presented more efficiency. Indeed, 0.51 MJ/kg was invested to produce one kilogram (kg) of coffee beans there; that represents half of the energy required to produce the same kilogram of coffee beans in the CT model (1.06 MJ/kg) and in the MT model (0.97 MJ/kg). This study requires long-term tracking complementation.

The aim of this investigation is to show the sustainability features of the chinampa practice in the Valley of Mexico: Xochimilco, applying a FODA diagnosis in order to reveal the environmental transcendence of this particular agricultural model. It is possible to determine that the development of the chinampa has basically two components: the native and social. The first one constitutes the local ecosystem composed by shallow water lakes that are included in a great surface across the valley of Mexico. The second one concerns to the social aspect; which is how the work gets organized, the cultural practices and the implementation of methods and agricultural technologies that are the result of the thousand-year-old wisdom of the autochthonous groups of the chinampa zone. Which has helped to support the integration of the members of the family, as well as providing self-employment and a self sustained source of food, these features show that this system of agricultural production is sustainable in the environmental, social and economic aspects. Nevertheless the chinampa production is affected by diverse aspects as the development of modern agriculture technologies, the urban growth and pollution of the water.

In this issue we address the practice of rainwater harvesting in different settings, presenting experiences from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Paraguay. Some of the papers were originally presented at the IX International Meeting of the WATERLAT-GOBACIT Network“Water, Rights, and Utopias: priorities in the process of democratization of water politics“, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil, 3-7 September 2018. Article 1 was authored by David Sauri, from the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain, co-editor of this issue. The article provides an overall introduction to the topic of rainwater harvesting. Article 2, by Martin Sanzana Calvet, Institute of Strategic Studies for Human Development (INEDH), Concepción, Bio-Bio, Chile, addresses the practice of fog catching in arid and semi arid regions of Chile. In Article 3, Daniel Tagle-Zamora, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, presents findings from research on the implementation of public policies oriented at the provision of rainwater catchment technologies, mostly for domestic use ,in several municipalities of the semi arid State of Guanajuato, Mexico. Article 4 was co-authored by Roberto de Sousa Miranda, Federal University of the interior of Pernambuco and Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil, and Laiany Tassila Ferreira, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil.The article discusses the implementation of a national plan to provide rainwater cisterns in the semi arid region of North eastern Brazil, with emphasis on the experience of the State of Paraiba. Finally, Article 5, by Ana Maria Attias Sole and Ricardo Lombardo Lopez, from the North-eastern National University, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina, provides an overview of the historic legacy of water practices and technologies inherited fromthe“syncretism”between indigenous communities (Tupi-Guarani), and the Jesuit territorial expansion that took place between the early seventeenth and the mid eighteenth centuries in a large region of South America encompassing parts of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The article focuses mainly on examples from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, and provides insights into the significance of historical-cultural research in the production of knowledge about rainwater technologies and the associated culture and practices, which also contributes to our network’s Thematic Area 7, Water-related Art, Communication, Culture, and Education.

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Decomposition of the stocks returns in the sustainable index of the mexican stock exchange. Revista Mexicana de Econom\u00eda y Finanzas, 10(1), 87-100. https://bit.ly/3rUOYzk", "Verheyden, T., Eccles, R., & Feiner, A. (2016, July 11). ESG for All? The Impact of ESG Screening on Return, Risk, and Diversification. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 28(2), 47-55. https://bit.ly/3yIuCxe"]} Resumen Las empresas participan en actividades ESG para lograr mayores rendimientos financieros y señalar el cumplimiento en el mercado. El vínculo entre ESG y rendimiento de la acción bursátil de la empresa aún no está bien establecido porque la literatura está llena de resultados contradictorios y paradojas. Este estudio se realiza con el objetivo de presentar las contribuciones teóricas y empíricas que tienen por objeto de estudio evaluar el rendimiento ajustado al riesgo de la inversión ESG, para ello se consideran investigaciones a nivel global, las cuales son recuperadas en las principales bases de datos. Los resultados indican que las investigaciones en su mayoría son aplicadas para mercados financieros desarrollados, son escasas las investigaciones en los mercados emergentes. El tema del rendimiento de la inversión ESG al ser comparada con la inversión convencional presenta resultados heterogéneos, hay quienes indican que la inversión ESG paga una prima, hay otros que encuentran que la inversión ESG presenta mayores rendimientos que la inversión convencional y finalmente hay un grupo que indica que la inversión ESG al ser comparada con la convencional tienen el mismo rendimiento. Abstract Companies engage in ESG activities to achieve higher financial returns and signal compliance in the marketplace. The link between ESG and company stock performance is not yet well established because the literature is full of contradictory results and paradoxes. This study is carried out with the objective of presenting the theoretical and empirical contributions whose object of study is to evaluate the risk-adjusted performance of ESG investment, for which global research is considered, which is retrieved in the main databases. The results indicate that most of the research is carried out for developed financial markets, while research in emerging markets is scarce. The issue of ESG investment performance when compared to conventional investment presents heterogeneous results, there are those who indicate that ESG investment pays a premium, there are others who find that ESG investment presents higher returns than conventional investment and finally there is a group which indicates that the ESG investment, when compared to the conventional one, has the same performance. Ponencia presentada en el Primer Congreso Internacional Multidisciplinario "Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación: Una mirada multidisciplinaria a los desafíos globales de la Agenda 2030", del 13 al 15 de octubre de 2022.

Currently almost all energy is provided by fossil fuels that increase greenhouse gas emissions contributing to global warming. These emissions can be reduced with the use of renewable energy produced from biomass such a livestock manure. The manure is raw material for production of electricity and thermal energy. Anaerobic digestion of waste can reduce emissions by capturing methane, a greenhouse gas produced by waste in facilities large and small scale. The South Central region of the state of Chihuahua has the potential for renewable energy production from biomass and waste are approximately 58,000 head of cattle, valuing a daily output of 2,900 m3 of sewage and 10,000 m3 of waste water can cause environmental problems. The estimated biogas production was 1.73 m3 of biogas / cow / day, with an estimated total production of biogas in the region of 25,717,352 and 50,722,754 m3/year kwh/año save up to $ 45.143 million pesos in electricity. Reductions are estimated to 361.843 tons of CO2-Eq. Proposed technologies to small and large scales. The development of renewable energy technologies opens the opportunity for additional revenue-generating waste in the production of electricity or thermal energy, reducing environmental problems may make feasible the adoption of technology to small and large scale for producers.