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In the FAR-DWO DS1 oceanographic cruise we analyze the hydrographic and sedimentological variability of the Denmark Strait Overflow using water column and seafloor observation and sampling techniques. We also deploy multi-instrumented mooring lines at depths between 1000 m and 2000 m to record information of the dense current during a whole year. The FAR-DWO DS1 cruise will last from July 19th to August 12th 2023 onboard the oceanographic vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa (CSIC). We are a team of around thirty experts from the Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of Iceland (UI), and the company specialized in satellite technology Lobelia Earth, and we count on the technical support of Unidad de Tecnología Marina (UTM-CSIC). Oceanographic data acquired during the FAR-DWO_DS1 Cruise (29SG20230719) on board the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2023.

Diatom abundance and assemblage data are presented for JPC43 - a ~12 m marine sediment core recovered from 576 m water depth in Neny Fjord, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula (68.2571°S, 66.9617°W). The core was collected aboard the RVIB Nathanial B Palmer in 2002 during the NBP0201 scientific cruise (PI: Prof J B Anderson) to determine the timing of deglaciation in the fjords of the Antarctic Peninsula. The core record spans the Holocene with samples dated using an age model based on 5 reliable radiocarbon dates. Diatom concentrations and the contribution of Chaetoceros resting spores (CRS %) are calculated from counts (mean=474.4 valves) of the whole diatom assemblage - 'total counts' (n=81). The relevant methods are described and referenced in the associated publication (Allen et al. 2010).

The short list of practices is the result of literature review and expert panel input and a step wise process of considering certain critical measures (e.g. increase of soil organic carbon (SOC); greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction e.g. carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane; system integration). The list is based on a range of practices already proposed to deliver soil carbon sequestration (SCS). First, specific practices were identified with potential for both a positive impact on SCS at farm level and an uptake rate compatible with global impact. These focus on: (a) optimising crop primary productivity; (b) reducing soil disturbance and managing soil physical properties; (c) minimising deliberate removal of C or lateral transport via erosion; (d) addition of C produced outside the system; (e) provision of additional C inputs within the cropping system. Then, economic and non‐cost barriers and incentives for land managers are considered, along with the potential externalised impacts of implementation. The provided data presents a list of greenhouse gas removal practices for soil organic carbon sequestration, which are suitable under biophysical, economic and social consideration. The list is the result of the first step in analysing the potential of agricultural soils to sequester carbon globally and is part of the NERC funded project Soils-R-GGREAT (NE/P019455/1). The work is based on literature research and expert panel and judgements. The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/P019455/1)

The aim of the project is to develop an innovative palaeo-proxy approach to investigate the natural range of variability of the Hadley circulation during past episodes of extreme warmth and cold. The approach relies on the exploitation as climate proxy of an untapped but widespread material in marine sediments: windborne pyrogenic carbon (PyC) derived from savannah and grassland fires in the tropics. Through the geochemical and isotopic spatial characterization of PyC, along with the analysis of mineral dust in the modern tropical deep ocean, and a PyC biogeochemical model, we will build an interpretative framework of PyC deposition in deep-sea sediments. Its application in Pliocene-Pleistocene sequences from the Atlantic and the Pacific will allow the reconstruction of past meridional and zonal shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the Southern hemisphere westerlies, and provide new constraints on the natural variability of the Hadley circulation and associated hydroclimates. PYROWIND Cruise (29HE20220426) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2022.

Oceanographic data acquired during the ANTARLOG_LEG2 Cruise (29SG20161203) on board the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2016. Logistic voyage without any scientific work.

Oceanographic data acquired during theZEE-2021 Cruise (29HE20210325) on board the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2021 ZEE-2021: Study of the Spanish Economic Zone in the Canary Islands.

The dataset included in this repository was obtained during the project entitled 'Sensibilidad física y biotic de los estuarios peninsulares al cambio global (SENSES)' funded by 'Fundación Biodiversidad', PRCV00487. The data were used in the research article 'Sensitivity of Iberian estuaries to changes in sea water temperature, salinity, river-flow, mean sea level, and tidal amplitudes' submitted to Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Brief description of dataset: For each estuary, the following parameters were calculated Fachade: the location of the estuary Area (km2) D (m): water depth at the mouth of the estuary in 2000 and 2015 Tidal Prim (m3) Qf (m3/s): river flow in 2000 and 2015 a (m): tidal amplitude of the free surface elevation in 2000 and 2015 ∆U (m/s): absolute variation of the tidal current amplitude between 2000 and 2015 ∆E (W/m2): absolute variation of the tidal energy flux propagation index between 2000 and 2015 ∆Ri : absolute variation of the bulk Richardson number index between 2000 and 2015 ∆SI: absolute variation of the salinity intrusion index between 2000 and 2015 A wide description of the parameters can be found in Serrano, M. A. et al (submitted to Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science) Contact person: mserranog@ugr.es

As climate change continues, anticipating species’ responses to rising temperatures requires an understanding of the drivers of thermal sensitivity, which itself may vary over space and time. We measured metabolic rates of three representative marine invertebrate species (hermit crabs Pagurus hirsutiusculus, periwinkle snails Littorina sitkana, and mussels Mytilus trossulus) and evaluated the relationship between thermal sensitivity (Q10) and thermal history. We tested the hypothesis that thermal history drives thermal sensitivity and quantified how this relationship differs over time (short-term to seasonal time scales) and between species. Organisms were collected from tide pools in Sitka, Alaska where we also recorded temperatures to characterize thermal history prior to metabolic rate assays. Using respirometry, we estimated mass-specific oxygen consumption (MO2) at ambient and increased temperatures for one individual per species per tide pool across three seasons. We evaluated relationships between thermal sensitivity and pool temperatures for time periods ranging from 1 day to 1 month prior to collection. For all species, thermal sensitivity was related to thermal history for the shorter time periods (1 day to 1 week). However, the direction of the relationships and most important thermal parameters (i.e., maximum, mean, or range) differed between species and seasons. We found that on average, P. hirsutiusculus and L. sitkana were more thermally sensitive than M. trossulus. These findings show that variability in thermal history over small spatial scales influences individuals’ metabolic response to warming and may be indicative of these species’ ability to acclimate to future climate change. Temperature Data:Temperature data was collected at the tide pool level using Onset ® HOBO TidbiT temperature loggers (±0.2 accuracy) that recorded temperature consecutively every 5 min from December 2018 to September 2019. Temperature data were summarized for the 1-month, 1-week, and 1-day periods preceding each collection. For each tidepool, we calculated the following thermal parameters: variance, minimum, mean daily minimum, 10th percentile, range, mean daily range, mean daily average, maximum, mean daily maximum, 90th percentile, mean daily 90th percentile, 95th percentile, and mean daily 95th percentile temperatures.Oxygen Consumption Data:Raw Oxygen data was collected using Pre-Sens PSt3 sensor spots (PreSens Precision Sensing, Germany) and a 10-channel OXY-10 SMA (G2) oxygen meter (PreSens Precision Sensing, Germany). Data were processed after visual inspection and fit with a linear regression of oxygen consumption over time (only slopes that had an R2>0.90 were used in the analysis). Please use README files on how to use these datasets.

Methane emissions from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems play a crucial role in global warming, which is particularly affecting high-latitude ecosystems. As major contributors to methane emissions in natural environments, the microbial communities involved in methane production and oxidation deserve a special attention. Microbial diversity and activity are expected to be strongly affected by the already observed (and further predicted) temperature increase in high-latitude ecosystems, eventually resulting in disrupted feedback methane emissions. The METHANOBASE project has been designed to investigate the intricate relations between microbial diversity and methane emissions in Arctic, Subarctic and Subantarctic ecosystems, under natural (baseline) conditions and in response to simulated temperature increments. We report here a small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) analysis of lake, peatland and mineral soil ecosystems.