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  • Applied Energy

  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid De Rossi, Francesca;
    De Rossi, Francesca
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    De Rossi, Francesca in OpenAIRE
    Pontecorvo, Tadeo; orcid Brown, Thomas M.;
    Brown, Thomas M.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Brown, Thomas M. in OpenAIRE

    Abstract The field of energy harvesting holds the promise of making our buildings “smart” if effective energy sources can be developed for use in ambient indoor conditions. Photovoltaics (PV), especially in its thin flexible form for easy integration, become a prime candidate for the aim, if tailored for low-density artificial light. We designed a test system which enabled us to measure the performance of PV devices under compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) illumination at different illuminance levels and compared polycrystalline and amorphous silicon cells with our own flexible dye solar cells (DSCs). Whereas poly-Si cells, with 15% outdoor efficiency, delivered at 200 lux under CFL only 2.8 μW/cm2 power density (and an efficiency of 4.4%), a-Si specifically designed for indoors, gave 5.9 μW/cm2 and 9.2% efficiency under the same CFL conditions (and 7.5% efficiency under LED). However, we show that the customization of flexible DSCs, by simply formulating ad-hoc less-concentrated, more transparent electrolytes, enabled these devices to outperform all others, providing average power densities of 8.0 μW/cm2 and 12.4% efficiencies under 200 lux CFL (more than quadruple compared to those measured at 1 sun), and 6.6 μW/cm2 and 10% efficiency under 200 lux LED illumination.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Fanciulli C;
    Fanciulli C
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Fanciulli C in OpenAIRE
    Abedi H; Merotto L; orcid Donde R;
    Donde R
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Donde R in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    In recent years, the portable technology is receiving a great interest and significant improvement due to the progresses in electronic technology development and energy storage solutions. The decrease in power requirements for working energy systems, due to the increased efficiency and to the reduction in components size, opens the access to new solutions for power supplying. In particular, alternative backup systems for battery charging or replacement could be designed taking advantage of unconventional technologies. It is the case of small photovoltaic portable panels or fuel cells technology: in these solutions different sources are used to produce limited electrical powers required to keep devices on. In this paper, a thermoelectric solution for the power generation has been considered: the generator has been designed and assembled starting from a catalytic combustor. Catalytic combustion allows safe control of the processes, and the choice of a hydrocarbon fuel ensures the power availability and a fast recharge. The size of the system is set to fit a volume close to the one of AA batteries. The electrical power output obtained is close to 1 W with a cold side temperature below 40 °C. The limited values of these physical parameters allow obtaining a portable and safe device. The generator has been fully characterized in different ranges of fuel flow rates and the performances have been thoroughly analysed for processes optimization and efficiency improvement.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: CNR ExploRA
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS Cnrarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      CNR ExploRA
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: CNR ExploRA
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Luca Evangelisti; Luca Evangelisti; Antonella Rotili; orcid bw Francesco Bianchi;
    Francesco Bianchi
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Francesco Bianchi in OpenAIRE
    +5 Authors

    Abstract The intervention on the existing building envelope thermal insulation is the main and effective solution in order to achieve a significant reduction of the building stock energy needs. The infrared technique is the methodology of the energy diagnosis aimed to identify qualitatively the principal causes of energy losses: the presence of thermal bridges. Those weak parts of the building envelope in terms of heat transfer result not easy to treat with an energy efficiency intervention, while they are gaining importance in the buildings total energy dispersion, as the level of insulation of opaque and transparent materials is continuously increasing. It is generally possible to evaluate the energy dispersions through these zones with a deep knowledge of the materials and the geometry using a numerical method. Besides, authors proposed in the past a methodology to assess the flux passing through thermal bridges with an infrared image correctly framed. The analysis of surface temperatures of the undisturbed wall and of the zone with thermal bridge, allows to define the Incidence Factor of the thermal Bridge (Itb). This parameter is strongly affected by the thermographic image accuracy, therefore, this paper deals with the development and validation of an innovative mathematical algorithm to enhance the image resolution and the consequent accuracy of the energy losses assessment. An experimental campaign in a controlled environment (hot box apparatus) has been conducted on three typologies of thermal bridge, firstly performing the thermographic survey and then applying the enhancement algorithm to the infrared images in order to compare the Itb and the linear thermal transmittance ψ values. Results showed that the proposed methodology could bring to an accuracy improvement up to 2% of the total buildings envelope energy losses evaluated by quantitative infrared thermography. Moreover, the proposed algorithm allows the implementation of a further process applicable to the images, in order to extract the physical boundaries of the hidden materials causing the thermal bridge, so revealing itself as a useful tool to identify exactly the suitable points of intervention for the thermal bridge correction. The application of the imaging process on the quantitative infrared thermography is an innovative approach that makes more accurate the evaluation of the actual heat loss of highly insulating buildings and reaching a higher detail on the detection and treating of thermal bridges.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio della Ricer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Björn Nienborg; Ursula Eicker; Antoine Dalibard; Lena Schnabel;

    Small scale (solar-) thermally driven cooling systems suffer from two important drawbacks: firstly, the systems usually offer no means of adapting the chilling capacity to the actual load; secondly constantly running pumps and fans lead to high auxiliary electricity consumption even when the available driving and cooling water temperatures only allow a reduced chilling capacity. To solve these problems a generic approach for controlling the main parasitic electrical devices – the cooling water pump and the heat rejection fan - as a function of the actual boundary conditions was developed. Different variants of control strategies are analyzed in different system configurations under a variety of climates and load conditions by means of dynamic system simulations in TRNSYS. The most typical combinations of ab- and adsorption chillers with dry cooler and wet cooling tower are covered. The results show that capacity modulation can be realized well by this approach. Additionally electricity savings of up to 25% can be achieved for reasonably sized systems compared to a reference control strategy with fixed pump speed and fixed cooling water set temperature. Yet it becomes obvious that the concrete savings depend strongly on the system configuration and boundary conditions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Sharma S.;
    Sharma S.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Sharma S. in OpenAIRE
    orcid Micheli L.;
    Micheli L.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Micheli L. in OpenAIRE
    orcid Chang W.;
    Chang W.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Chang W. in OpenAIRE
    orcid Tahir A. A.;
    Tahir A. A.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Tahir A. A. in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    Building-Integrated Concentrated Photovoltaics (BICPV) is based on Photovoltaic (PV) technology which experience a loss in their electrical efficiency with an increase in temperature that may also lead to their permanent degradation over time. With a global PV installed capacity of 303 GW, a nominal 10 °C decrease in their average temperature could theoretically lead to 15 GW increase in electricity production worldwide. Currently, there is a gap in the research knowledge concerning the effectiveness of the available passive thermal regulation techniques for BICPV, both individually and working in tandem. This paper presents a novel combined passive cooling solution for BICPV incorporating micro-fins, Phase Change Material (PCM) and Nanomaterial Enhanced PCM (n-PCM). This work was undertaken with the aim to assess the unreported to date benefits of introducing these solutions into BICPV systems and to quantify their individual as well as combined effectiveness. The thermal performance of an un-finned metallic plate was first compared to a micro-finned plate under naturally convective conditions and then compared with applied PCM and n-PCM. A designed and fabricated, scaled-down thermal system was attached to the electrical heaters to mimic the temperature profile of the BICPV. The results showed that the average temperature in the centre of the system was reduced by 10.7 °C using micro-fins with PCM and 12.5 °C using micro-fins with n-PCM as compared to using the micro-fins only. Similarly, the effect of using PCM and n-PCM with the un-finned surface demonstrated a temperature reduction of 9.6 °C and 11.2 °C respectively as compared to the case of natural convection. Further, the innovative 3-D printed PCM containment, with no joined or screwed parts, showed significant improvements in leakage control. The important thermophysical properties of the PCM and the n-PCM were analysed and compared using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter. This research can contribute to bridging the existing gaps in research and development of thermal regulation of BICPV and it is envisaged that the realised incremental improvement can be a potential solution to (a) their performance improvement and (b) longer life, thereby contributing to the environmental benefits.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ COREarrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Applied Energy
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      Applied Energy
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Applied Energy
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      Applied Energy
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid bw FINESSO, ROBERTO;
    FINESSO, ROBERTO
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    FINESSO, ROBERTO in OpenAIRE
    orcid SPESSA, EZIO;
    SPESSA, EZIO
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    SPESSA, EZIO in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw VENDITTI, MATTIA;
    VENDITTI, MATTIA
    ORCID
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    VENDITTI, MATTIA in OpenAIRE

    The present paper is focused on the design, optimization and analysis of a complex parallel hybrid electric vehicle, equipped with two electric machines on both the front and rear axles, and on the evaluation of its potential to reduce fuel consumption and NOx emissions over several driving missions. The vehicle has been compared with two conventional parallel hybrid vehicles, equipped with a single electric machine on the front axle or on the rear axle, as well as with a conventional vehicle. All the vehicles have been equipped with compression ignition engines. The optimal layout of each vehicle was identified on the basis of the minimization of the overall powertrain costs during the whole vehicle life. These costs include the initial investment due to the production of the components as well as the operating costs related to fuel consumption and to battery depletion. Identification of the optimal powertrain control strategy, in terms of the management of the power flows of the engine and electric machines, and of gear selection, is necessary in order to be able to fully exploit the potential of the hybrid architecture. To this end, two global optimizers, one of a deterministic nature and another of a stochastic type, and two real-time optimizers have been developed, applied and compared. A new mathematical technique has been developed and applied to the vehicle simulation model in order to decrease the computational time of the optimizers. First, the vehicle model equations were written in order to allow a coarse time grid to be used, then, the control variables (i.e., power flow and gear number) were discretized, and the values of the main model variables were evaluated and stored in a matrix (referred to as configuration matrix), for all the possible combinations of control variables and for each time node, before the optimization process. In this way, the optimizers can read the actual values of the relevant variables from the pre-processed data, instead of calculating them iteratively during the optimization stage. The performance of the hybrid vehicles has been evaluated over several driving missions, including the NEDC, the FTP, the AUDC, the ARDR and the AMDC, and a detailed energetic analysis has been carried out in order to clearly identify the key operating modes that contribute most to the fuel consumption and NOx emission savings of the different hybrid architectures.

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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Aldo Bischi;
    Aldo Bischi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Aldo Bischi in OpenAIRE
    V. Vyshinsky; M. Pugach; M. Pugach;

    Abstract A new methodology for estimation of the key characteristics of commercial scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) at different operating conditions is proposed. The method is based on a set of simplified correlations that allow estimating VRFB rated power, capacity and operation time directly from the geometry of stack and tank without detailed numerical simulation of the battery. The study is focused on investigation of a kilo-watt class VRFB system (5 kW/15kWh) considering a wide range of current densities (40–100 mA cm−2). The proposed simplified approach is validated considering the most representative cases of battery operation strategies related to slow and fast modes. It demonstrated high accuracy for the estimation of rated power and operation time (average error below 3%) as well as stored energy (average error below 6%) compare to results of detailed numerical simulation. As a result, the proposed methodology can be used as a simple tool for development of proper battery usage protocol (a schedule for battery usage), which could allow avoiding over/underestimation of committed battery energy and power during battery operation. In addition, the obtained results can be also used in order to improve the accuracy of techno-economic studies determining the most economically attractive cases for application of VRFB systems.

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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: GALLONI, Enzo; FONTANA, Gustavo; PALMACCIO, Roberto;

    Abstract Lately, the exhaust gas recycle usage, widely diffused in Diesel engines, has been adopted in SI engines as well. It is a cheap technique which allows a sound control of NO formation meanwhile it can improve engine thermodynamics. In this paper, the influence of EGR on the operation of a turbocharged spark ignition engine has been evaluated by using both experimental and numerical techniques. In particular, since knock occurrence is a crucial point in the optimization of a turbocharged SI engine, the improvement in knock resistance, at high load operation, has been assessed. First, a method for knock detection and quantification has been illustrated. Then, the influence of EGR on engine performance, octane requirement and exhaust gas temperature was measured at two different rotational speed values and WOT operation. Since EGR has produced a drop in engine performance (between 10% and 13%) and an increase in knock resistance, a new set of main control variables has been determined in order to restore the original torque level while achieving a significant decrease in specific fuel consumption (between 6% and 11%). At the end, numerical analyses of engine combustion, aimed to explain the results of experimental investigations, have been carried out and a summary is reported in the paper.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Energy
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    Authors: orcid Elorri Igos;
    Elorri Igos
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    orcid Benedetto Rugani;
    Benedetto Rugani
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    Sameer Rege; orcid Enrico Benetto;
    Enrico Benetto
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    Enrico Benetto in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    Abstract Nowadays, many countries adopt an active agenda to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions by moving towards less polluting energy generation technologies. The environmental costs, directly or indirectly generated to achieve such a challenging objective, remain however largely underexplored. Until now, research has focused either on pure economic approaches such as Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and partial equilibrium (PE) models, or on (physical) energy supply scenarios. These latter could be used to evaluate the environmental impacts of various energy saving or cleaner technologies via Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. These modelling efforts have, however, been pursued in isolation, without exploring the possible complementarities and synergies. In this study, we have undertaken a practical combination of these approaches into a common framework: on the one hand, by coupling a CGE with a PE model, and, on the other hand, by linking the outcomes from the coupling with a hybrid input–output−process based life cycle inventory. The methodological framework aimed at assessing the environmental consequences of two energy policy scenarios in Luxembourg between 2010 and 2025. The study highlights the potential of coupling CGE and PE models but also the related methodological difficulties (e.g. small number of available technologies in Luxembourg, intrinsic limitations of the two approaches, etc.). The assessment shows both environmental synergies and trade-offs due to the implementation of energy policies. For example, despite the changes in technologies towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, only marginal improvements are observed in the climate change mitigation scenario as compared to the Business-As-Usual. The energy related production and imports are indeed expected to increase over time and represent a large contribution to the country’s impacts. Interestingly, side effects on other impacts than climate change or fossil resource depletion (e.g. ionising radiation and water depletion) may also occur mainly due to the use of nuclear energy in neighbouring countries.

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    Applied Energy
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    EconStor
    Research . 2015
    Data sources: EconStor
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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    SSRN Electronic Journal
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Research . 2015
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      Applied Energy
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    Authors: orcid bw POTENZA, MARCO;
    POTENZA, MARCO
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    orcid bw MILANESE, Marco;
    MILANESE, Marco
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    MILANESE, Marco in OpenAIRE
    orcid COLANGELO, Gianpiero;
    COLANGELO, Gianpiero
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    COLANGELO, Gianpiero in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw DE RISI, Arturo;
    DE RISI, Arturo
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    DE RISI, Arturo in OpenAIRE

    Abstract An experimental study on new high temperature parabolic trough collector (PTC), with transparent receiver tube, based on gas-phase nanofluid, has been carried out for the first time in this work. Two-axes solar tracking PTC, with 4 m 2 reflecting surface has been realized. Besides, two coaxial quartz tubes, with vacuum in the inner space were used as receiver pipe, with air-dispersed CuO nano-powders as working fluid. The aim of this work was to investigate the technological issues related to the use of gas-based nanofluid coupled with transparent quartz receiver and to evaluate the performance of the first prototype, comparing numerical and experimental results. The experimental campaign highlighted a critical issue related to nanopowder deposition within the receiver pipe, due to humidity. Moreover, in a day of measurement, the fluid temperature higher than 145 °C has been maintained for about 10 h, reaching a maximum value of 180 °C, with a mean efficiency of about 65%.

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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Energy
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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