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One of the most significant anticipated consequences of global climate change is the change in frequency of hydrological extremes. Predictions of climate change impacts on the regime of hydrological extremes have traditionally been conducted by a top-down approach that involves a high degree of uncertainty associated with the temporal and spatial characteristics of general circulation model (GCM) outputs and the choice of downscaling technique. This study uses the inverse approach to model hydrological risk and vulnerability to changing climate conditions in the Seyhan River basin, Turkey. With close collaboration with the end users, the approach first identifies critical hydrological exposures that may lead to local failures in the Seyhan River basin. The Hydro-BEAM hydrological model is used to inversely transform the main hydrological exposures, such as floods and droughts, into corresponding meteorological conditions. The frequency of critical meteorological conditions is investigated under present and future climate scenarios by means of a weather generator based on the improved K-nearest neighbour algorithm. The weather generator, linked with the output of GCMs in the last step of the proposed methodology, allows for the creation of an ensemble of scenarios and easy updating when improved GCM outputs become available. Two main conclusions were drawn from the application of the inverse approach to the Seyhan River basin. First, floods of 100-, 200- and 300-year return periods under present conditions will have 102-, 293- and 1370-year return periods under the future conditions; that is, critical flood events will occur much less frequently under the changing climate conditions. Second, the drought return period will change from 5.3 years under present conditions to 2.0 years under the future conditions; that is, critical drought events will occur much more frequently under the changing climate conditions. Copyright © 2008 IAHS Press. Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by the Project “Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Production System in the Arid Areas” (ICCAP), administered by the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) and the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBøTAK). Additional support was provided by the JSPS Grant-in-Aid nos 16380164, 1811748 and 19208022. Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Japan Society for the Promotion of Science: 19208022, 16380164, 1811748 1 Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellow), 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan fujihara@chikyu.ac.jp

This paper attempts to identify the major factors associated with some of the failures and successes of integrated watershed management policies and projects with a particular emphasis on the uplands of mainland Southeast Asia. It argues that many policy measures have been misguided by failing to acknowledge the multidimensional facets of sustainable watershed management and putting too much emphasis on command-and-control approaches to resource management and onesize-fits-all conservation models. Attempts to introduce soil and water conservation measures, for instance, have largely failed because they concentrated merely on the technical feasibility and potential ecological effects, while neglecting economic viability and socio-cultural acceptance. The production of agricultural commodities, on the other hand, has mostly been market-driven and often induced boom and bust cycles that compromised the ecological and social dimensions of sustainability. Purely community-based approaches to watershed management, on their part, have often failed to address issues of elite capture and competing interests within and between heterogeneous uplands communities. Drawing on a review of recent experience and on lessons from initiatives in a long-term collaborative research program in Thailand (The Uplands Program) aimed at bridging the various dimensions of sustainability in the Southeast Asian uplands, this paper discusses how a socially, institutionally and ecologically sustainable mix of agricultural production, ecosystem services and rural livelihood opportunities can be achieved through incentive-based policies and multi-stakeholder partnerships that attempt to overcome the (perceived) antagonism between conservation and development in upland watersheds of Southeast Asia.

With the increase in energy of the Large Hadron Collider to a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV for Run 2, events with dense environments, such as in the cores of high-energy jets, became a focus for new physics searches as well as measurements of the Standard Model. These environments are characterized by charged-particle separations of the order of the tracking detectors sensor granularity. Basic track quantities are compared between 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the ATLAS experiment and simulation of proton-proton collisions producing high-transverse-momentum jets at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The impact of charged-particle separations and multiplicities on the track reconstruction performance is discussed. The efficiency in the cores of jets with transverse momenta between 200 GeV and 1600 GeV is quantified using a novel, data-driven, method. The method uses the energy loss, dE/dx, to identify pixel clusters originating from two charged particles. Of the charged particles creating these clusters, the measured fraction that fail to be reconstructed is $0.061 \pm 0.006 \textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.014 \textrm{(syst.)}$ and $0.093 \pm 0.017 \textrm{(stat.)}\pm 0.021 \textrm{(syst.)}$ for jet transverse momenta of 200-400 GeV and 1400-1600 GeV, respectively. The European physical journal / C 77(10), 673 (2017). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5225-7 Published by Springer, Berlin

La-loaded Al2O3 (La/Al2O3) is a practical support for three-way catalysis (TWC) reactions. Although it has been reported that the addition of La to Al2O3 results in improved thermal stability to retain high specific surface areas, its effect on the catalytic reduction of NOx (DeNO(x)) has not been studied systematically. Herein, we describe the role of La in La/Al2O3-supported Pd catalysts (Pd/La/Al2O3) for TWC reactions. For that purpose, we employed various in situ spectroscopic studies, including infrared (IR), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), and near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The obtained results revealed that Pd-0 species supported on La/Al2O3 are more electron-deficient compared to those on pristine Al2O3 without La(Pd/Al2O3). Kinetic studies using powdered catalysts revealed that the addition of La suppresses the poisoning effect by CO during the DeNO(x) reactions. In addition to the catalytic tests with powdered catalysts, monolithic honeycomb forms of the catalysts were prepared and employed for TWC reactions, which showed that Pd/La/Al2O3 exhibits higher DeNO(x) activity than Pd/Al2O3. In this study, we also reexamined the effective loading amount of La, which has traditionally been similar to 3-5 wt % of La for TWC processes in order to retain the high specific surface area of the La/Al2O3 supports. Our investigations showed that an increased La loading (15 wt %) is even more effective for the DeNO(x) reactions tested in this study due to the higher reactivity toward NO and the greater suppression of the poisoning effect of CO. The developed catalyst Pd/La(15)/Al2O3 has also been tested in a commercial vehicle and has been evaluated on a practical driving mode test cycle (LA-4; city cycle of U.S. Federal and California), where it showed a better catalytic performance than the conventionally used Pd/La(3-5)/Al2O3 catalysts. Our study suggests that the loading amount of La in Pd/La/Al2O3 catalysts needs to be adjusted depending on the application systems, considering not only the support stability (surface areas) but also the promotional effect in the TWC process.

Diverging from conventional framings of energy transition as a strictly, or predominantly, technological shift, this article brings attention to the power shift necessary to, and the power struggles constitutive of, the making of a low-carbon future. Through a study of the Philippine energy landscape and its key players, I demonstrate how the country's coal-dependent energy system created the conditions for guaranteed wealth accumulation and oligarchic control of the on-grid electricity system. This, I argue, contextualises the resilience of coal use for power generation in the main islands, notwithstanding the viability and desirability of renewable energy deployment across the archipelago. Drawing insights from critical social theory, and political ecology in particular, the paper illuminates how durable power structures in society could render energy trajectories highly resistant to decarbonisation, which favours a more pluralistic, decentralised system of energy provision—viewed as risky and/or insufficient at sustaining the economic base of established players. Energy producers' strategies to manage the transition thus prioritise defence of existing market share and mitigation of risks that might arise from a coal phase-out—at a cost that stands to be borne by ratepayers and taxpayers. A low-carbon shift, the article contends, will require confronting long-standing inequalities in the Philippine energy system to enable environmentally and socially just energy pathways.

京都大学 ; 新制・課程博士 ; 博士(エネルギー科学) ; 甲第23293号 ; エネ博第418号 ; 新制||エネ||79(附属図書館) ; 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 ; (主査)教授 手塚 哲央, 准教授 MCLELLAN Benjamin, 教授 山敷 庸亮 ; 学位規則第4条第1項該当 ; Doctor of Energy Science ; Kyoto University ; DFAM