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学位:千大院薬博乙第211号

Meeting Information: Space Utilization Research (January 19-20, 2016. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan 会議情報: 第30回宇宙環境利用シンポジウム (2016年1月19日-20日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県

It is important to know the accurate spectrum and its spatial distribution of cosmic neutrons for radiological protection of spacecraft crew. However, measurement of high-energy neutrons (greater than 20 MeV) is still difficult because detector signals from neutrons are mixed with those from other components such as protons and heavy ions. We thus try to develop a portable monitoring system that can simply measure energetic cosmic neutrons in addition to protons, heavy ions and photons/electrons. For testing the feasibility of our concept, experiments of cosmic radiation measurements were performed in a jet aircraft using several detectors. Measured doses are compared to model calculations. It was verified that cosmic neutrons could be distinguished with a phoswich-type detector.

In Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, a number of farmers adopt the forcing agriculture with the greenhouses. They need to keep template constant inside the greenhouses in winter. In recent years, not only air pollution caused by oil burners, but also land and water pollution caused by excess chemical fertilizer, become problematic in the region. This paper proposes multiple new agricultural policies for the environmental pollutions focusing on Oyodo River basin. The river is the typical agricultural region in Miyazaki Prefecture. Based on multiattribute utility analysis, this paper selects the most preferred policy. The local government unit of Miyazaki Prefecture is assumed to be the decision maker, and the decision maker regards to not only the public interests but also the preference of regional farmers.

We started to develop a new space dosimeter named 'Position Sensitive Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (PS-TEPC)' with tissue equivalency and position sensitivity. This detector consists of the Micro Pixel Chamber (micro-PIC) which is a kind of the micro-pattern gas detector. Heavy ions irradiation experiments were performed at HIMAC (Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba) of NIRS (National Institute for Radiological Sciences) using the detector with the sensitive volume of 26 x 26 x 55 cu mm.

Microbial genes encoding cellulases, xylanase, chitinases and hydrogenase were expressed in plants and anaerobic bacteria for effective degradation and conversion of unutilized fibrous biomass to some nutrients and energy compounds. In this review, it was shown that these transgenic plants and bacteria work to convert unutilized biomass to valuable materials. The discussion will expand the effective ways to utilize biomass. 総説 / Review

京都議定書が規定していない2013年以降の次期枠組みへの合意が焦点となった第15回気候変動枠組条約締約国会議(以下、COP15)はコペンハーゲン合意(Copenhagen Accord)に「留意(take note)」する形で閉幕した。この合意では、先進国全体の削減目標数値の具体的な記載がなく、最大の争点となった先進国全体の中期目標の具体的な数値の記載もなく、法的拘束力も明記されていない。その代わりに先進国はそれぞれが自主的に誓約している2020年までの排出削減目標を、途上国は削減行動を個々に設定して事務局に提出することを定めたのみである。このような背景をふまえ、本稿では各国がこれまでどのような経緯を経て温室効果ガス排出削減目標を設定してきたのかを明らかにし、次期枠組みに向けた各国の動きを整理した。この結果、米国上院温暖化対策法案などの廃案により今後の国際交渉への悪影響が予想される一方で、途上国が自主的に削減目標を設定する動きがあることが明らかとなった。このことにより、自主的ではあるが各国が削減数値目標を設定することを定めたコペンハーゲン合意が今後の交渉の一つの重要な指針となる可能性を指摘する。

Low-power laser irradiation on oral tissue is reported to have healing effects caused by accelerating cell growth. However, the effects of high-power laser irradiation on cell growth are unknown. To investigate the effects of high-power laser irradiation on oral tissue, we examined the cell growth of fibroblasts (Balb/3T3(clone)A31), osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and epithelial cells (normal human gingival keratinocytes) after laser irradiation in vitro using MTT assay. Cells were cultured during 1 day following laser irradiation once for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 seconds with a diode laser (830±10nm, GaAlAs diode, continuous wave, 400mW or 800mW). Non-irradiation cells were used as the control group. As a result, fibroblasts and epithelial cells showed good cell growth under the irradiation of 3.7mW/cm^2 for 90seconds. The irradiation of 3.7mW/cm^2 for 90seconds and of 6.7mW/cm^2 for 60seconds accelerated the cell growth of osteoblasts. These results suggest that laser irradiation of 3.7mW/cm^2 for 90seconds accelerates cell growth. In addition, power density (mW/cm^2) and irradiation time (seconds) are more closely related to cell growth in vitro than to energy density (J/cm^2).

The environmental tolerance should not exceed the global self-purification capacity. The industrial revolution that began with the invention of the steam engine is the large scale of energy consumption industry, and creates out electricity and car civilized society. When it tries to arrange the energy resource with firewood, coal, petroleum, natural gas, methane hydrate, the hydrogen of the energy efficiency is better than that of the carbon in the direction of the decarbonization element, decarbonization element will show the new industry society.