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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2017Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Jun-Ho Jo; Yeong-Seok Yoo; I-Tae Kim; Ye-Eun Lee;doi: 10.3390/en10101555
Biochar is the product of the pyrolysis of organic materials in a reduced state. In recent years, biochar has received attention due to its applicability to organic waste management, thereby leading to active research on biochar. However, there have been few studies using food waste. In particular, the most significant difference between food waste and other organic waste is the high salinity of food waste. Therefore, in this paper, we compare the chemical characteristics of biochar produced using food waste containing low- and high-concentration salt and biochar flushed with water to remove the concentrated salt. In addition, we clarify the salt component behavior of biochar. Peak analysis of XRD confirms that it is difficult to find salt crystals in flushed char since salt remains in the form of crystals when salty food waste is pyrolyzed washed away after water flushing. In addition, the Cl content significantly decreased to 1–2% after flushing, similar to that of Cl content in the standard, non-salted food waste char. On the other hand, a significant amount of Na was found in pyrolyzed char even after flushing resulting from a phenomenon in which salt is dissolved in water while flushing and Na ions are adsorbed. FT-IR analysis showed that salt in waste affects the binding of aromatic carbons to compounds in the pyrolysis process. The NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that the aromatic carbon content, which indicates the stability of biochar, is not influenced by the salt content and increases with increasing pyrolysis temperature.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en10101555&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 17 citations 17 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en10101555&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Jin-O Kim; Moon-Su Na;doi: 10.3390/en12030343
This paper presents the reliability evaluation for a microgrid composed of conventional generators (CGs), a photovoltaic (PV) system, and a small hydropower plant (HPP). The PV system has an intermittent output and the HPP output is limited depending on several constraints. Therefore, their reliability evaluation should be performed according to the CGs. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the reliability of the microgrid based on Monte Carlo simulations. To this end, a simple operational strategy for the HPP and reliability models for each component of the grid are introduced. By the operational strategy consisting of two stages, the HPP would be operated to generate power whenever water stored in the reservoir exceeds a certain threshold (called volume reference) or to discharge extra water when it is beyond the maximum volume of the reservoir. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, a case study is performed according to various volume references, and the results are obtained in terms of several reliability indices. Further, the appropriate volume reference is determined considering a trade-off relationship between the reliability and economics aspects.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12030343&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 7 citations 7 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12030343&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Haider Ali; Taqi Cheema; Cheol Park;doi: 10.3390/en11020388
Turbulent flow mixing is essential in optimizing microalgal cultivation in raceway ponds. Microalgal cells are however highly sensitive to hydrodynamic stresses produced by turbulent mixing because of their small size. The mechanical properties (wall deformation and von Misses stress) of the microalgal cell wall structure under the influence of turbulent mixing are yet to be explored. High turbulence magnitudes damage microalgal cell walls by adversely affecting their mechanical properties which consequently destroy the microalgal cells and reduce the biofuel production. Therefore, such a study is required to improve the biofuel productivity of microalgal cells before their cell wall damage in raceway pond. This study developed a novel fluid–structure interaction (FSI)-based numerical model to investigate the effects of turbulent mixing on the cell wall damage of microalgal cells in raceway ponds. The study investigated microalgal cell wall damage at four different locations in a raceway pond in consideration of the effects of pond’s hydrodynamic and geometric properties. An experiment was conducted with a laboratory-scale raceway pond to compare and validate the numerical results by using time-dependent water velocities. Microalgal cell wall shear stress, cell wall deformation, and von Misses stress in the raceway pond were investigated by considering the effects of aspect ratios, water depths, and paddle wheel rotational speeds. Results showed that the proposed numerical model can be used as a prerequisite method for the selection of appropriate turbulent mixing. Microalgal cell wall damage is high in shallow and narrow raceway ponds with high paddle rotational speeds.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en11020388&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 3 citations 3 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en11020388&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Jeongbin Lee; Jungwoo Shin;doi: 10.3390/en16145473
Among green energy technologies, solar power is a promising technology in the net-zero era of the power industry. Conventional solar modules have decreasing efficiency weaknesses as the temperature rises, whereas photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems do not remove heat from the module or lower the temperature. However, the profitability of PVT systems has been underestimated. The profitability of new convergence products, such as PVT technology, entering the market for the first time allows for the evaluation of the appropriate starting price and policy requirements to support the product’s market entrance. We used the contingent valuation method (CVM) to solve this problem. The survey derived the respondents’ mean willingness to pay (WTP) and the total amount of social benefits. Among these CVM models, the one-and-one-half-bound (OOHB) spike model was used to distinguish zero WTP. Based on a survey of 300 households, respondents were willing to pay an additional yearly average income tax of KRW 10,608 (USD 7.90), and the total social benefit of PVT technology was calculated to be KRW 145 billion (USD 108 million). This result shows that individuals evaluate the value of PVT as 3.69% of their monthly electricity bill and 2.8% of their monthly gas bill. Several additional factors that influence WTP were analyzed, indicating a high possibility of PVT adoption by individuals who have replaced or are planning to replace photovoltaic (PV) modules. This study is significant because it examines the economic value of PVT and proposes a focus group for the effective market entry of new carbon neutrality products.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16145473&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16145473&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Sung-Hoon Kang; Yang-Hee Kwon; Juhyuk Moon;doi: 10.3390/en12152903
In the cement industry, utilization of a sustainable binder that has a lower energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission than Portland cement is becoming increasingly important. Air lime is a binder that hardens by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere, and its raw material, hydrated lime, is manufactured at a lower temperature (around 900 °C) than cement (around 1450 °C). In this study, the amount and rate of CO2 uptake by air lime-based materials are quantitatively evaluated under ambient curing conditions of 20 °C, 60% relative humidity, and 0.04% CO2 concentration. In addition, the effects of the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) and silica fume addition on the material properties of the air lime mortar, such as strength, weight change, carbonation depth, and pore structure, are investigated. Unlike hydraulic materials, such as Portland cement, the air lime mortar did not set and harden under a sealed curing condition, however, once exposed to dry air, the mortar began to harden by absorbing CO2. During the first week, most of the internal water evaporated, thus, the mortar weight was greatly reduced. After that, however, both the weight and the compressive strength consistently increased for at least 180 days due to the carbonation reaction. Based on the 91-day properties, replacing 10% of hydrated lime with silica fume improved the compressive and flexural strengths by 27% and 13% respectively, whereas increasing the w/b from 0.4 to 0.6 decreased both strengths by 29% due to the increased volume of the capillary pores. The addition of silica fume and the change in the w/b had no significant impact on the amount of CO2 uptake, but these two factors were effective in accelerating the CO2 uptake rate before 28 days. Lastly, the air lime-based material was evaluated to be capable of recovering half of the emitted CO2 during the manufacture of hydrated lime within 3 months.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12152903&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12152903&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2020Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Youngmin Lee; Dong Kyu Park;doi: 10.3390/en13030762
A lake is one of the geothermal energy sources to meet increasing demands for renewable energy use. In this study, a series of numerical modeling was performed to evaluate the applicability of a close-loop lake water heat pump (LWHP) system in Lake Soyang, Korea. A non-isothermal pipe flow model was used to simulate the flow and heat transfer processes occurring in the LWHP system with the main pipe and several helical tubes for heat exchange. Based on the temperature data measured in the Lake Soyang for 4 years, the installation depth and the number of helical tubes were determined sequentially, and the sensitivities of additional installation and operation factors on the system performance were analyzed. Assuming a mild current in the lake, the installation and operation conditions for the efficient operation of the system were suggested as follows: The installation of 16 helical tubes at 50 m deep, the circulation rates of heat-carrier fluid of 189.3 L/min, the inner diameter of tubes of 32 mm, and the wall thickness and thermal conductivity of 2.9 mm and 0.4 W/mK, respectively. Considering many lakes and reservoirs in Korea, the closed-loop LWHP system would be a viable renewable energy application.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13030762&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 4 citations 4 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13030762&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019Publisher:MDPI AG Jungsoon Park; Hee-Chul Eun; Seonbyeong Kim; Changhyun Roh; So-Jin Park;doi: 10.3390/en12203967
The aim of nuclear facility decommissioning is to make local settlements safe, sustainable and professedly acceptable. The challenges are the clean-up of the nuclear site and waste management. This means a definite promise in terms of safety and security, taking into account social and environmental accountability. There is an essential need to develop safe and efficient methods for nuclear decommissioning. Thus, chemical decontamination technology is of great significance to the decommissioning of nuclear energy facilities. In particular, chemical decontamination technology is applicable to the pipelines and internal loop. The iron-rich oxides, such as Fe3O4 or NiOFe2O3, of a nuclear power plant should have sound decontamination follow-through and should put through a very small amount of secondary waste. It is important to be able to detect and quantify hydrazine in decontamination situations with high sensitivity and selectivity. A colorimetric assay is a technique used to determine the concentration of colored compounds in a solution. However, detecting targeted species rapidly and easily, and with high sensitivity and specificity, is still challenging. Here, the catalytic reaction of oxidants in the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and hydrazine reaction is elucidated. Oxidants can catalyze the reaction of hydrazine and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to form an azine complex such as p-dimethylaminobenzaldazine, with high selectivity and sensitivity within 30 min at ambient temperatures. In the absence of an oxidant such as iron or hydrogen peroxide no detectable colorimetric change was observed by the reaction of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and hydrazine unless an external oxidant was present in the system. In this study, we demonstrated a colorimetric method for the sensitive detection of hydrazine decomposition in the chemical decontamination process. Furthermore, the colorimetric response was easy to monitor with the unaided eye, without any sophisticated instrumentation. This method is thus suitable for on-site detection of contamination in a nuclear facility. In addition, this colorimetric method is convenient, non-invasive, free of complex equipment, and low-cost, making it possible to analyze hydrazine in industrial nuclear facilities. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of hydrazine decomposition in the nuclear decontamination process.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12203967&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 10 citations 10 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12203967&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019Publisher:MDPI AG Yuncheol Ha; Hye Bin Jung; Hyunseung Lim; Pil Sung Jo; Hana Yoon; Chung-Yul Yoo; Tuan Kiet Pham; Wook Ahn; Younghyun Cho;doi: 10.3390/en12152913
Flow-electrode-based capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a desalination process that uses electrostatic adsorption and desorption of ions onto electrode materials. It provides a continuous desalination flow with high salt removal performance and low energy consumption. Since lithium has been regarded as an essential element for the last few decades, the efficient production of lithium from the natural environment has been intensively investigated. In this study, we have extracted lithium ions from aqueous solution by using FCDI desalination. We confirmed that lithium and chloride ions could be continuously collected and that the salt removal rate depends on various parameters, including feed-flow rate and a feed saline concentration. We found that the salt removal rate increases as the feed-flow rate decreases and the feed salt concentration increases. Furthermore, the salt removal rate depends on the circulation mode of the feed solution (continuous feed stream vs. batch feed stream), which allows control of the desalination performance (higher capacity vs. higher efficiency) depending on the purpose of the application. The salt removal rate was highest, at 215.06 μmol/m−2s−1, at the feed rate of 3 mL/min and the feed concentration of 100 mg/L. We believe that such efficient and continuous extraction of lithium chloride using FCDI desalination can open a new door for the current lithium-production industry, which typically uses natural water evaporation.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12152913&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 36 citations 36 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12152913&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2020Publisher:MDPI AG Anna Joicy; Young-Chae Song; Jun Li; Sang-Eun Oh; Seong-Ho Jang; Yongtae Ahn;doi: 10.3390/en13123218
The effect of electrostatic fields on the bioelectrochemical removal of ammonium and nitrite from nitrogen-rich wastewater was investigated at strengths ranging from 0.2 to 0.67 V/cm in bioelectrochemical anaerobic batch reactors. The electrostatic field enriched the bulk solution with electroactive bacteria, including ammonium oxidizing exoelectrogens (AOE) and denitritating electrotrophs (DNE). The electroactive bacteria removed ammonium and nitrite simultaneously with alkalinity consumption through biological direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in the bulk solution. However, the total nitrogen (ammonium and nitrite) removal rate increased from 106.1 to 166.3 mg N/g volatile suspended solids (VSS).d as the electrostatic field strength increased from 0.2 to 0.67 V/cm. In the cyclic voltammogram, the redox peaks corresponding to the activities of AOE and DNE increased as the strength of the electrostatic field increased. Based on the microbial taxonomic profiling, the dominant genera involved in the bioelectrochemical nitrogen removal were identified as Pseudomonas, Petrimonas, DQ677001_g, Thiopseudomonas, Lentimicrobium, and Porphyromonadaceae_uc. This suggests that the electrostatic field of 0.67 V/cm significantly improves the bioelectrochemical nitrogen removal by enriching the bulk solution with AOE and DNE and promoting the biological DIET between them.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13123218&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 3 citations 3 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13123218&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2021Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Oyunchimeg Erdene-Ochir; Doo-Man Chun;doi: 10.3390/en14113155
Superhydrophobic surfaces have been extensively studied for their unique interfacial interaction between water and the surface, and they can be used for self-cleaning, drag reduction, anti-icing, and other applications. To make the superhydrophobic surfaces, nano/microscale structures and a low surface energy should be realized. The development of a durable superhydrophobic surface was hindered by the vulnerability of the surface to mechanical contact. To improve the robustness of the superhydrophobic surface toward mechanical damage, the hydrophobic polypropylene (PP) surface was coated with a thick layer of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (SNPs) using a simple compression molding process. The thick layer consists of SNPs and PP, and the roles of SNPs and PP are nano/microscale structures with a low surface energy and binder for nanoparticles, respectively. This revealed improvement in the superhydrophobic tendency, with an apparent contact angle of about 170° and a sliding angle of less than 5°. The morphology and the corresponding elemental analysis of the PP/SNPs coated films were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry. The mechanical durability of the superhydrophobic surface was evaluated by the scotch tape test and scratch test with sandpaper. The coated films with SNPs showed the superhydrophobic behavior after 25 tape tests. In addition, the coated films with SNPs showed a contact angle greater than 150° and a sliding angle less than 10° after a 100-cm scratch test with 1000 grit sandpaper, under a weight of 500 g, on an area of 40 × 40 mm2. The chemical stability of PP/SNPs coated films was also investigated in acidic, neutral, and alkaline medium solutions. The films showed good stability under the acidic and neutral medium solutions even after 24 h, but an alkaline medium could damage the surface. The obtained results demonstrated the robustness of the superhydrophobic coating with SNPs.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14113155&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 6 citations 6 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14113155&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2017Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Jun-Ho Jo; Yeong-Seok Yoo; I-Tae Kim; Ye-Eun Lee;doi: 10.3390/en10101555
Biochar is the product of the pyrolysis of organic materials in a reduced state. In recent years, biochar has received attention due to its applicability to organic waste management, thereby leading to active research on biochar. However, there have been few studies using food waste. In particular, the most significant difference between food waste and other organic waste is the high salinity of food waste. Therefore, in this paper, we compare the chemical characteristics of biochar produced using food waste containing low- and high-concentration salt and biochar flushed with water to remove the concentrated salt. In addition, we clarify the salt component behavior of biochar. Peak analysis of XRD confirms that it is difficult to find salt crystals in flushed char since salt remains in the form of crystals when salty food waste is pyrolyzed washed away after water flushing. In addition, the Cl content significantly decreased to 1–2% after flushing, similar to that of Cl content in the standard, non-salted food waste char. On the other hand, a significant amount of Na was found in pyrolyzed char even after flushing resulting from a phenomenon in which salt is dissolved in water while flushing and Na ions are adsorbed. FT-IR analysis showed that salt in waste affects the binding of aromatic carbons to compounds in the pyrolysis process. The NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that the aromatic carbon content, which indicates the stability of biochar, is not influenced by the salt content and increases with increasing pyrolysis temperature.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en10101555&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 17 citations 17 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en10101555&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Jin-O Kim; Moon-Su Na;doi: 10.3390/en12030343
This paper presents the reliability evaluation for a microgrid composed of conventional generators (CGs), a photovoltaic (PV) system, and a small hydropower plant (HPP). The PV system has an intermittent output and the HPP output is limited depending on several constraints. Therefore, their reliability evaluation should be performed according to the CGs. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the reliability of the microgrid based on Monte Carlo simulations. To this end, a simple operational strategy for the HPP and reliability models for each component of the grid are introduced. By the operational strategy consisting of two stages, the HPP would be operated to generate power whenever water stored in the reservoir exceeds a certain threshold (called volume reference) or to discharge extra water when it is beyond the maximum volume of the reservoir. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, a case study is performed according to various volume references, and the results are obtained in terms of several reliability indices. Further, the appropriate volume reference is determined considering a trade-off relationship between the reliability and economics aspects.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12030343&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 7 citations 7 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12030343&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2018Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Haider Ali; Taqi Cheema; Cheol Park;doi: 10.3390/en11020388
Turbulent flow mixing is essential in optimizing microalgal cultivation in raceway ponds. Microalgal cells are however highly sensitive to hydrodynamic stresses produced by turbulent mixing because of their small size. The mechanical properties (wall deformation and von Misses stress) of the microalgal cell wall structure under the influence of turbulent mixing are yet to be explored. High turbulence magnitudes damage microalgal cell walls by adversely affecting their mechanical properties which consequently destroy the microalgal cells and reduce the biofuel production. Therefore, such a study is required to improve the biofuel productivity of microalgal cells before their cell wall damage in raceway pond. This study developed a novel fluid–structure interaction (FSI)-based numerical model to investigate the effects of turbulent mixing on the cell wall damage of microalgal cells in raceway ponds. The study investigated microalgal cell wall damage at four different locations in a raceway pond in consideration of the effects of pond’s hydrodynamic and geometric properties. An experiment was conducted with a laboratory-scale raceway pond to compare and validate the numerical results by using time-dependent water velocities. Microalgal cell wall shear stress, cell wall deformation, and von Misses stress in the raceway pond were investigated by considering the effects of aspect ratios, water depths, and paddle wheel rotational speeds. Results showed that the proposed numerical model can be used as a prerequisite method for the selection of appropriate turbulent mixing. Microalgal cell wall damage is high in shallow and narrow raceway ponds with high paddle rotational speeds.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en11020388&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 3 citations 3 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en11020388&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Jeongbin Lee; Jungwoo Shin;doi: 10.3390/en16145473
Among green energy technologies, solar power is a promising technology in the net-zero era of the power industry. Conventional solar modules have decreasing efficiency weaknesses as the temperature rises, whereas photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems do not remove heat from the module or lower the temperature. However, the profitability of PVT systems has been underestimated. The profitability of new convergence products, such as PVT technology, entering the market for the first time allows for the evaluation of the appropriate starting price and policy requirements to support the product’s market entrance. We used the contingent valuation method (CVM) to solve this problem. The survey derived the respondents’ mean willingness to pay (WTP) and the total amount of social benefits. Among these CVM models, the one-and-one-half-bound (OOHB) spike model was used to distinguish zero WTP. Based on a survey of 300 households, respondents were willing to pay an additional yearly average income tax of KRW 10,608 (USD 7.90), and the total social benefit of PVT technology was calculated to be KRW 145 billion (USD 108 million). This result shows that individuals evaluate the value of PVT as 3.69% of their monthly electricity bill and 2.8% of their monthly gas bill. Several additional factors that influence WTP were analyzed, indicating a high possibility of PVT adoption by individuals who have replaced or are planning to replace photovoltaic (PV) modules. This study is significant because it examines the economic value of PVT and proposes a focus group for the effective market entry of new carbon neutrality products.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16145473&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16145473&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Sung-Hoon Kang; Yang-Hee Kwon; Juhyuk Moon;doi: 10.3390/en12152903
In the cement industry, utilization of a sustainable binder that has a lower energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission than Portland cement is becoming increasingly important. Air lime is a binder that hardens by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere, and its raw material, hydrated lime, is manufactured at a lower temperature (around 900 °C) than cement (around 1450 °C). In this study, the amount and rate of CO2 uptake by air lime-based materials are quantitatively evaluated under ambient curing conditions of 20 °C, 60% relative humidity, and 0.04% CO2 concentration. In addition, the effects of the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) and silica fume addition on the material properties of the air lime mortar, such as strength, weight change, carbonation depth, and pore structure, are investigated. Unlike hydraulic materials, such as Portland cement, the air lime mortar did not set and harden under a sealed curing condition, however, once exposed to dry air, the mortar began to harden by absorbing CO2. During the first week, most of the internal water evaporated, thus, the mortar weight was greatly reduced. After that, however, both the weight and the compressive strength consistently increased for at least 180 days due to the carbonation reaction. Based on the 91-day properties, replacing 10% of hydrated lime with silica fume improved the compressive and flexural strengths by 27% and 13% respectively, whereas increasing the w/b from 0.4 to 0.6 decreased both strengths by 29% due to the increased volume of the capillary pores. The addition of silica fume and the change in the w/b had no significant impact on the amount of CO2 uptake, but these two factors were effective in accelerating the CO2 uptake rate before 28 days. Lastly, the air lime-based material was evaluated to be capable of recovering half of the emitted CO2 during the manufacture of hydrated lime within 3 months.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12152903&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12152903&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2020Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Youngmin Lee; Dong Kyu Park;doi: 10.3390/en13030762
A lake is one of the geothermal energy sources to meet increasing demands for renewable energy use. In this study, a series of numerical modeling was performed to evaluate the applicability of a close-loop lake water heat pump (LWHP) system in Lake Soyang, Korea. A non-isothermal pipe flow model was used to simulate the flow and heat transfer processes occurring in the LWHP system with the main pipe and several helical tubes for heat exchange. Based on the temperature data measured in the Lake Soyang for 4 years, the installation depth and the number of helical tubes were determined sequentially, and the sensitivities of additional installation and operation factors on the system performance were analyzed. Assuming a mild current in the lake, the installation and operation conditions for the efficient operation of the system were suggested as follows: The installation of 16 helical tubes at 50 m deep, the circulation rates of heat-carrier fluid of 189.3 L/min, the inner diameter of tubes of 32 mm, and the wall thickness and thermal conductivity of 2.9 mm and 0.4 W/mK, respectively. Considering many lakes and reservoirs in Korea, the closed-loop LWHP system would be a viable renewable energy application.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13030762&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 4 citations 4 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13030762&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019Publisher:MDPI AG Jungsoon Park; Hee-Chul Eun; Seonbyeong Kim; Changhyun Roh; So-Jin Park;doi: 10.3390/en12203967
The aim of nuclear facility decommissioning is to make local settlements safe, sustainable and professedly acceptable. The challenges are the clean-up of the nuclear site and waste management. This means a definite promise in terms of safety and security, taking into account social and environmental accountability. There is an essential need to develop safe and efficient methods for nuclear decommissioning. Thus, chemical decontamination technology is of great significance to the decommissioning of nuclear energy facilities. In particular, chemical decontamination technology is applicable to the pipelines and internal loop. The iron-rich oxides, such as Fe3O4 or NiOFe2O3, of a nuclear power plant should have sound decontamination follow-through and should put through a very small amount of secondary waste. It is important to be able to detect and quantify hydrazine in decontamination situations with high sensitivity and selectivity. A colorimetric assay is a technique used to determine the concentration of colored compounds in a solution. However, detecting targeted species rapidly and easily, and with high sensitivity and specificity, is still challenging. Here, the catalytic reaction of oxidants in the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and hydrazine reaction is elucidated. Oxidants can catalyze the reaction of hydrazine and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to form an azine complex such as p-dimethylaminobenzaldazine, with high selectivity and sensitivity within 30 min at ambient temperatures. In the absence of an oxidant such as iron or hydrogen peroxide no detectable colorimetric change was observed by the reaction of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and hydrazine unless an external oxidant was present in the system. In this study, we demonstrated a colorimetric method for the sensitive detection of hydrazine decomposition in the chemical decontamination process. Furthermore, the colorimetric response was easy to monitor with the unaided eye, without any sophisticated instrumentation. This method is thus suitable for on-site detection of contamination in a nuclear facility. In addition, this colorimetric method is convenient, non-invasive, free of complex equipment, and low-cost, making it possible to analyze hydrazine in industrial nuclear facilities. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of hydrazine decomposition in the nuclear decontamination process.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12203967&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 10 citations 10 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12203967&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019Publisher:MDPI AG Yuncheol Ha; Hye Bin Jung; Hyunseung Lim; Pil Sung Jo; Hana Yoon; Chung-Yul Yoo; Tuan Kiet Pham; Wook Ahn; Younghyun Cho;doi: 10.3390/en12152913
Flow-electrode-based capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a desalination process that uses electrostatic adsorption and desorption of ions onto electrode materials. It provides a continuous desalination flow with high salt removal performance and low energy consumption. Since lithium has been regarded as an essential element for the last few decades, the efficient production of lithium from the natural environment has been intensively investigated. In this study, we have extracted lithium ions from aqueous solution by using FCDI desalination. We confirmed that lithium and chloride ions could be continuously collected and that the salt removal rate depends on various parameters, including feed-flow rate and a feed saline concentration. We found that the salt removal rate increases as the feed-flow rate decreases and the feed salt concentration increases. Furthermore, the salt removal rate depends on the circulation mode of the feed solution (continuous feed stream vs. batch feed stream), which allows control of the desalination performance (higher capacity vs. higher efficiency) depending on the purpose of the application. The salt removal rate was highest, at 215.06 μmol/m−2s−1, at the feed rate of 3 mL/min and the feed concentration of 100 mg/L. We believe that such efficient and continuous extraction of lithium chloride using FCDI desalination can open a new door for the current lithium-production industry, which typically uses natural water evaporation.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12152913&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 36 citations 36 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12152913&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2020Publisher:MDPI AG Anna Joicy; Young-Chae Song; Jun Li; Sang-Eun Oh; Seong-Ho Jang; Yongtae Ahn;doi: 10.3390/en13123218
The effect of electrostatic fields on the bioelectrochemical removal of ammonium and nitrite from nitrogen-rich wastewater was investigated at strengths ranging from 0.2 to 0.67 V/cm in bioelectrochemical anaerobic batch reactors. The electrostatic field enriched the bulk solution with electroactive bacteria, including ammonium oxidizing exoelectrogens (AOE) and denitritating electrotrophs (DNE). The electroactive bacteria removed ammonium and nitrite simultaneously with alkalinity consumption through biological direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in the bulk solution. However, the total nitrogen (ammonium and nitrite) removal rate increased from 106.1 to 166.3 mg N/g volatile suspended solids (VSS).d as the electrostatic field strength increased from 0.2 to 0.67 V/cm. In the cyclic voltammogram, the redox peaks corresponding to the activities of AOE and DNE increased as the strength of the electrostatic field increased. Based on the microbial taxonomic profiling, the dominant genera involved in the bioelectrochemical nitrogen removal were identified as Pseudomonas, Petrimonas, DQ677001_g, Thiopseudomonas, Lentimicrobium, and Porphyromonadaceae_uc. This suggests that the electrostatic field of 0.67 V/cm significantly improves the bioelectrochemical nitrogen removal by enriching the bulk solution with AOE and DNE and promoting the biological DIET between them.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13123218&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 3 citations 3 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13123218&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2021Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Oyunchimeg Erdene-Ochir; Doo-Man Chun;doi: 10.3390/en14113155
Superhydrophobic surfaces have been extensively studied for their unique interfacial interaction between water and the surface, and they can be used for self-cleaning, drag reduction, anti-icing, and other applications. To make the superhydrophobic surfaces, nano/microscale structures and a low surface energy should be realized. The development of a durable superhydrophobic surface was hindered by the vulnerability of the surface to mechanical contact. To improve the robustness of the superhydrophobic surface toward mechanical damage, the hydrophobic polypropylene (PP) surface was coated with a thick layer of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (SNPs) using a simple compression molding process. The thick layer consists of SNPs and PP, and the roles of SNPs and PP are nano/microscale structures with a low surface energy and binder for nanoparticles, respectively. This revealed improvement in the superhydrophobic tendency, with an apparent contact angle of about 170° and a sliding angle of less than 5°. The morphology and the corresponding elemental analysis of the PP/SNPs coated films were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry. The mechanical durability of the superhydrophobic surface was evaluated by the scotch tape test and scratch test with sandpaper. The coated films with SNPs showed the superhydrophobic behavior after 25 tape tests. In addition, the coated films with SNPs showed a contact angle greater than 150° and a sliding angle less than 10° after a 100-cm scratch test with 1000 grit sandpaper, under a weight of 500 g, on an area of 40 × 40 mm2. The chemical stability of PP/SNPs coated films was also investigated in acidic, neutral, and alkaline medium solutions. The films showed good stability under the acidic and neutral medium solutions even after 24 h, but an alkaline medium could damage the surface. The obtained results demonstrated the robustness of the superhydrophobic coating with SNPs.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14113155&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 6 citations 6 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
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