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  • Authors: Nifatova, O.;

    Енергоефективність та енергозбереження є пріоритетним напрямком розвитку науки, технологій і техніки в Україні. Проведена в усьому світі політика енергозбереження спрямована на всі галузі і наукові дослідження в усіх сферах. Значним споживачем енергоресурсів є заклади вищої освіти. Актуалізація нормативно-правової та технічної бази, спрямованих на проектування і експлуатацію будівель з низьким рівнем енергоспоживання і високим класом енергоефективності свідчить про необхідність короткострокового вирішення проблеми. При цьому має місце відсутність системного погляду на енергоефективність, що не дозволяє оцінити рівень витрат енергоресурсів на всьому протязі життєвого циклу закладів вищої освіти, що показує необхідність пошуку ефективних шляхів вирішення проблеми. Для оцінки впливу факторів на електроспоживання та енергоефективність Київського національного університету технологій та дизайну було використано метод множинної регресії, проведений статистичний аналіз отриманих даних. В результаті вдалося з'ясувати, що дані електроспоживання не підкоряються закону нормального розподілу, тому побудувати точний прогноз електроспоживання важко. Використання ХАБ знань з енергоефективності дозволило провести більш якісний аналіз і виділити основні фактори, що впливають на електроспоживання. Університет має нерегульоване центральне опалення, системи індивідуального кондиціонування, а також центрального та індивідуального освітлення. У зв'язку з цим для проведення енергетичного моніторингу і енергоаудиту будівель університету було обрано такі основні фактори: середня температура повітря на вулиці, середня тривалість світлового дня, опалювальний період, середня кількість осіб, які працюють в день, протягом місяця. Впровадження запропонованої схеми структурної організації типової системи автоматичного обліку енергоспоживання університету на базі університетського ХАБ знань з енергоефективності: серверу, що дозволяє збирати, зберігати і обробляти дані; маршрутизатори за допомогою різних провідних і бездротових технологій ...

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    Authors: Pel, Bonno; Vadovics, Edina; Schmid, Benjamin; Markantoni, Marianna; +6 Authors

    This deliverable includes the methodology in EnergyPROSPECTS for an in-depth study of energy citizenship. It features the criteria used for selecting the cases for indepth study, the list of cases selected for in-depth study as well as key research foci and empirical research questions.

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    ZENODO
    Other literature type . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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      Other literature type . 2022
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  • Authors: Ding, Yang; Wang, Chunhua; Pei, Lang; Mao, Qinan; +7 Authors

    Owing to their high luminous efficiency and tunable emission in both red light and far-red light regions, Mn4+ ion-activated phosphors have appealed significant interest in photoelectric and energy conversion devices such as white light emitting diode (W-LED), plant cultivation LED, and temperature thermometer. Up to now, Mn4+ has been widely introduced into the lattices of various inorganic hosts for brightly red-emitting phosphors. However, how to correlate the structure-activity relationship between host framework, luminescence property, and photoelectric device is urgently demanded. In this review, we thoroughly summarize the recent advances of Mn4+ doped phosphors. Meanwhile, several strategies like co-doping and defect passivation for improving Mn4+ emission are also discussed. Most importantly, the relationship between the protocols for tailoring the structures of Mn4+ doped phosphors, increased luminescence performance, and the targeted devices with efficient photoelectric and energy conversion efficiency is deeply correlated. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of Mn4+ doped phosphors for practical applications are anticipated. We cordially anticipate that this review can deliver a deep comprehension of not only Mn4+ luminescence mechanism but also the crystal structure tailoring strategy of phosphors, so as to spur innovative thoughts in designing advanced phosphors and deepening the applications.

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    Authors: Yang, Luqi;

    This doctoral thesis focuses on tourism recovery, sustainability and future development under the influence of global industry crisis. Part I provides the introduction. Part II introduces the conceptual framework of three published theoretical papers. The first paper focuses on bibliometric studies of tourism and COVID-19 topics. The current state of the art reveals interdisciplinary research interests on crisis management, tourism sustainability and stakeholder collaborations. It also identifies underexplored topics on the social, environmental, cultural and governance dimensions of sustainable tourism and stresses the function of technology and innovation in helping sustainable governance and protocols. The second paper focuses on the thematic analysis of tourism sustainability and COVID-19 and highlights new growth potentials in high technologies utilization, strategic planning and management. The third paper focuses on the thematic analysis of China’s tourism recovery and resilience strategies. Measures related to tourism industrial reemployment, digitalization, nature, cultural heritages and dark tourism became important factors in the future development of China’s tourism. Part III introduces two empirical studies, with the fourth paper – panel data analysis upon cross-sectional sustainable performances of tourism and hospitality companies, in discovering their relationships with corporate financial performances when moderated by global industrial crises. It contributes to advancing our comprehension of the determinants influencing sustainability in the hospitality sector, with a nuanced understanding of how global industrial crises moderate these dynamics. The fifth paper was an empirical study on tourism sustainability and innovation – in finding the relationships between environmental innovation and tourism sustainable performances, financial performances, and how the relationships would be influenced under the global crisis lens. It has highlighted environmental innovation as a potential worthy investment and green transition opportunity, in dealing with global climate change, innovative capabilities in environmental management, and fulfillment of stakeholder social commitment. Part IV demonstrates the conclusions, implications, limitations and future research. Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la recuperación del turismo, la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo futuro bajo la influencia de la crisis de la industria global. La parte I proporciona la introducción. La Parte II presenta el marco conceptual de tres artículos teóricos publicados. El primer artículo se centra en estudios bibliométricos sobre turismo y temas de COVID-19. El estado actual del arte revela intereses de investigación interdisciplinarios sobre gestión de crisis, sostenibilidad del turismo y colaboraciones de partes interesadas. También identifica temas poco explorados sobre las dimensiones social, ambiental, cultural y de gobernanza del turismo sostenible y destaca la función de la tecnología y la innovación para ayudar a la gobernanza y los protocolos sostenibles. El segundo documento se centra en el análisis temático de la sostenibilidad del turismo y la COVID-19 y destaca nuevos potenciales de crecimiento en la utilización, la planificación estratégica y la gestión de altas tecnologías. El tercer artículo se centra en el análisis temático de las estrategias de recuperación y resiliencia del turismo de China. Las medidas relacionadas con el reempleo industrial del turismo, la digitalización, la naturaleza, los patrimonios culturales y el turismo oscuro se convirtieron en factores importantes en el desarrollo futuro del turismo de China. La Parte III presenta dos estudios empíricos, y el cuarto artículo es un análisis de datos de panel sobre el desempeño sostenible transversal de las empresas de turismo y hotelería, para descubrir sus relaciones con el desempeño financiero corporativo cuando está moderado por crisis industriales globales. El quinto documento fue un estudio empírico sobre la sostenibilidad y la innovación del turismo, para encontrar las relaciones entre la innovación ambiental y el desempeño sostenible del turismo, el desempeño financiero y cómo las relaciones se verían influenciadas bajo la lente de la crisis global. La Parte IV demuestra las conclusiones, implicaciones, limitaciones y futuras investigaciones. Aquesta tesi doctoral se centra en la recuperació del turisme, la sostenibilitat i el desenvolupament futur sota la influència de la crisi global de la indústria. La part I proporciona la introducció. La segona part presenta el marc conceptual de tres articles teòrics publicats. El primer article se centra en estudis bibliomètrics de turisme i temes de COVID-19. L'estat actual de l'art revela interessos de recerca interdisciplinaris sobre gestió de crisi, sostenibilitat turística i col·laboracions amb les parts interessades. També identifica temes poc explorats sobre les dimensions social, ambiental, cultural i de governança del turisme sostenible i subratlla la funció de la tecnologia i la innovació per ajudar a la governança i els protocols sostenibles. El segon article se centra en l'anàlisi temàtica de la sostenibilitat turística i la COVID-19 i destaca els nous potencials de creixement en la utilització de les altes tecnologies, la planificació estratègica i la gestió. El tercer article se centra en l'anàlisi temàtica de les estratègies de recuperació i resiliència turística de la Xina. Les mesures relacionades amb la reocupació industrial del turisme, la digitalització, la natura, els patrimonis culturals i el turisme fosc es van convertir en factors importants en el desenvolupament futur del turisme de la Xina. La part III introdueix dos estudis empírics, amb el quart article: anàlisi de dades de panells sobre el rendiment transversal transversal de les empreses de turisme i hostaleria, per descobrir les seves relacions amb els resultats financers de les empreses quan són moderades per les crisis industrials globals. El cinquè document va ser un estudi empíric sobre la sostenibilitat i la innovació del turisme: per trobar les relacions entre la innovació ambiental i els rendiments sostenibles del turisme, els resultats financers i com es veurien influenciades les relacions sota la lent de la crisi global. La part IV mostra les conclusions, implicacions, limitacions i investigacions futures.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2024
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2024
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    Authors: Gas Ferrer, Carlos;

    A strontium atomic source is characterized in terms of flux and angular distribution in this project. Beam collimation via a microcapillary nozzle is studied and tested against theoretical models. Further improvement of the atomic beam via one-dimensional transverse cooling is demonstrated.

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  • Authors: Bouchra Zellou;

    Résumé. Il existe un consensus scientifique sur le fait que la région méditerranéenne (MEDR) se réchauffe et que, à mesure que la température continue d'augmenter, les événements extrêmes tels que les sécheresses et les vagues de chaleur deviennent plus fréquents, plus graves et plus répandus. Compte tenu des effets néfastes des sécheresses, il est crucial d'accélérer le développement de systèmes de prévision et d'alerte précoce afin de minimiser leur impact négatif. Cet article examine l'état actuel des connaissances en matière de modélisation et de prévision de la sécheresse à l'aide de modèles statistiques, dynamiques et hybrides statistiques-dynamiques, et suggère certaines perspectives de recherche pour améliorer davantage la prévision de la sécheresse dans cette région. L'examen révèle que, bien que toutes les méthodes aient leurs forces et leurs faiblesses, les méthodes statistiques et dynamiques hybrides peuvent effectuer la prédiction la plus habile avec un long délai. Cependant, l'application de ces méthodes reste difficile en raison du manque de données d'observation de haute qualité et des ressources informatiques limitées. Enfin, l'article conclut en discutant de l'importance d'utiliser une combinaison de méthodes sophistiquées telles que les techniques d'assimilation de données, les modèles d'apprentissage automatique et les modèles de copules et d'intégrer des données provenant de différentes sources (par exemple, les données de télédétection, les mesures in situ et la réanalyse) pour améliorer la précision et l'efficacité des prévisions de sécheresse. Resumen. Existe un consenso científico de que la región mediterránea (MEDR) se está calentando y, a medida que la temperatura continúa aumentando, los eventos extremos como las sequías y las olas de calor se están volviendo más frecuentes, severos y generalizados. Dados los efectos perjudiciales de las sequías, es crucial acelerar el desarrollo de sistemas de pronóstico y alerta temprana para minimizar su impacto negativo. Este documento examina el estado actual del conocimiento en el modelado y la predicción de la sequía utilizando modelos estadísticos, dinámicos e híbridos estadístico-dinámicos, y sugiere algunas perspectivas de investigación para mejorar aún más la predicción de la sequía en esta región. La revisión encuentra que, si bien todos los métodos tienen sus fortalezas y deficiencias, los métodos estadístico-dinámicos híbridos pueden realizar la predicción más hábil con un largo tiempo de espera. Sin embargo, la aplicación de estos métodos sigue siendo un desafío debido a la falta de datos observacionales de alta calidad y a los limitados recursos computacionales. Finalmente, el documento concluye discutiendo la importancia de usar una combinación de métodos sofisticados como técnicas de asimilación de datos, modelos de aprendizaje automático y modelos de cópula e integrar datos de diferentes fuentes (por ejemplo, datos de teledetección, mediciones in situ y reanálisis) para mejorar la precisión y eficiencia del pronóstico de sequías. Abstract. There is a scientific consensus that the Mediterranean region (MEDR) is warming and as the temperature continues to rise, extreme events such as droughts and heat waves are becoming more frequent, severe, and widespread. Given the detrimental effects of droughts, it is crucial to accelerate the development of forecasting and early warning systems to minimize their negative impact. This paper examines the current state of knowledge in drought modeling and prediction using statistical, dynamical, and hybrid statistical-dynamical models, and suggests some research prospects to further improve drought prediction in this region. The review finds that while all methods have their strengths and shortcomings, hybrid statistical-dynamical methods can perform the most skillful prediction with a long lead time. However, the application of these methods is still challenging due to the lack of high-quality observational data and the limited computational resources. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing the importance of using a combination of sophisticated methods such as data assimilation techniques, machine learning models, and copula models and integrating data from different sources (e.g., remote sensing data, in-situ measurements, and reanalysis) to improve the accuracy and efficiency of drought forecasting. الخلاصة. هناك إجماع علمي على أن منطقة البحر الأبيض المتوسط (MEDR) ترتفع درجة حرارتها ومع استمرار ارتفاع درجة الحرارة، أصبحت الأحداث المتطرفة مثل الجفاف وموجات الحرارة أكثر تكرارًا وشدة وانتشارًا. بالنظر إلى الآثار الضارة للجفاف، من الأهمية بمكان تسريع تطوير أنظمة التنبؤ والإنذار المبكر لتقليل تأثيرها السلبي. تبحث هذه الورقة في الحالة الراهنة للمعرفة في نمذجة الجفاف والتنبؤ به باستخدام النماذج الإحصائية والديناميكية والهجينة، وتقترح بعض آفاق البحث لزيادة تحسين التنبؤ بالجفاف في هذه المنطقة. وجدت المراجعة أنه في حين أن جميع الأساليب لها نقاط قوتها وعيوبها، فإن الأساليب الإحصائية الديناميكية الهجينة يمكن أن تؤدي التنبؤ الأكثر مهارة مع مهلة زمنية طويلة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال تطبيق هذه الأساليب يمثل تحديًا بسبب نقص بيانات المراقبة عالية الجودة ومحدودية الموارد الحسابية. أخيرًا، تختتم الورقة بمناقشة أهمية استخدام مجموعة من الأساليب المتطورة مثل تقنيات استيعاب البيانات ونماذج التعلم الآلي ونماذج الكوبولا ودمج البيانات من مصادر مختلفة (على سبيل المثال، بيانات الاستشعار عن بعد والقياسات في الموقع وإعادة التحليل) لتحسين دقة وكفاءة التنبؤ بالجفاف.

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    El aumento espectacular y sin precedentes de las llamadas células solares de perovskita (PSC) en la eficiencia de conversión con procesos de fabricación de bajo costo ha llamado la atención de la comunidad científica en el campo de la energía fotovoltaica durante los últimos cuatro años. La inclusión de materiales absorbentes de tipo perovskita, típicamente CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , ha sido el factor clave para el desarrollo de esta tecnología emergente que ha creado muchas expectativas. Sin embargo, muchos aspectos poco conocidos de sus modos de operación aún necesitan explicaciones confiables. Este documento proporciona una breve introducción a la estructura, materiales y características de las PSC. Además, se proporcionan algunos comentarios sobre la estabilidad de estos dispositivos y se discute el estado del arte de varios temas de interés, como el fenómeno de histéresis de las curvas de corriente-voltaje. L'augmentation spectaculaire et sans précédent de l'efficacité de conversion des cellules solaires dites pérovskites (CSP) avec des procédés de fabrication à faible coût a attiré l'attention de la communauté scientifique dans le domaine du photovoltaïque au cours des quatre dernières années. L'inclusion de matériaux absorbants de type pérovskite, typiquement CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , a été le facteur clé pour le développement de cette technologie émergente qui a créé beaucoup d'attentes. Cependant, de nombreux aspects mal compris de ses modes de fonctionnement ont encore besoin d'explications fiables. Cet article fournit une brève introduction à la structure, aux matériaux et aux caractéristiques des CSP. En outre, quelques remarques sur la stabilité de ces dispositifs sont fournies et l'état de l'art de plusieurs sujets d'intérêt est discuté, tels que le phénomène d'hystérésis des courbes courant-tension. The spectacular and unprecedented rise of so-called perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in conversion efficiency with low-cost manufacturing processes has grabbed the attention of the scientific community in the field of photovoltaics during the last four years.The inclusion of perovskite type absorber materials, typically CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , has been the key factor for the development of this emerging technology that has created a lot of expectations.However, many poorly understood aspects of its operating modes still need of reliable explanations.This paper provides a brief introduction to the structure, materials and characteristics of PSCs.In addition, some remarks about the stability of these devices are provided and the state-of-the-art of several subjects of interest is discussed, such as the hysteresis phenomenon of current-voltage curves. استحوذ الارتفاع المذهل وغير المسبوق لما يسمى بالخلايا الشمسية البيروفسكيتية (PSCs) في كفاءة التحويل مع عمليات التصنيع منخفضة التكلفة على اهتمام المجتمع العلمي في مجال الخلايا الكهروضوئية خلال السنوات الأربع الماضية. كان إدراج مواد امتصاص من نوع البيروفسكيت، عادةً CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ، هو العامل الرئيسي لتطوير هذه التكنولوجيا الناشئة التي خلقت الكثير من التوقعات. ومع ذلك، لا تزال العديد من الجوانب غير المفهومة لأوضاع تشغيلها بحاجة إلى تفسيرات موثوقة. توفر هذه الورقة مقدمة موجزة لهيكل ومواد وخصائص PSC. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم تقديم بعض الملاحظات حول استقرار هذه الأجهزة ومناقشة أحدث ما توصلت إليه العديد من الموضوعات المثيرة للاهتمام، مثل ظاهرة التباطؤ في منحنيات الجهد الحالي.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/jq...
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    Authors: Hubeau, Michiel;
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    Authors: Pacheco Pardo, Ramon; Kim, Tongfi; Ernst, Maximilian; Ahn, Sung Kyoo; +1 Authors

    This report sets out to analyse South Korea’s positioning in non-traditional security. Since the end of the Cold War, non-traditional threats have become more central to the national security of countries everywhere across the world. South Korea is no exception. However, most existing analyses of South Korea’s security tend to focus on traditional issues and great power politics, most notably North Korea’s military capabilities or Sino-American rivalry and the threat that each of them poses to South Korea. This report helps to address this imbalance in our understanding of threats to South Korean national security. The report analyses non-traditional security by focusing on four key domains: cyber, energy, maritime and trade.

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  • Climate change has become one of the most urgent challenges facing our planet today. The consequences we are gradually experiencing have been driven by human activity. Specifically, the increase in energy demand, met mainly through the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil derivatives and natural gas, has significantly increased greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), leading to global warming. To address the environmental problems arising from climate change, which we are gradually experiencing, it is clear that the development of the use of renewable energy sources is the key to the transition from fossil fuels to these innovative energy alternatives, in order to achieve zero emissions and contribute to decarbonization. However, the deployment of these clean energies requires the development of systems that guarantee continuous energy production, to overcome interruptions caused by the variability of natural resources like wind, sun, or water. A viable solution to this issue is employing energy storage technologies to correct the mismatch between energy supply and demand. In particular, in the specific case of the use of the sun as a renewable thermal energy source, thermal energy storage (TES) systems are of great interest, since more than half of the energy demanded in industry is thermal energy. Among the different sensible TES media, conventional concrete is emerging as a very attractive option for use as TES due to its low cost, high availability, ease of processing, high specific heat, good mechanical stability at high temperature and excellent operational performance when subjected to thermal cycling. And despite its moderate thermal conductivity, research has shown that incorporating multiple heat exchangers through which the heat transfer fluid (HTF) passes in concrete improves its efficiency, albeit at an increased cost. However, caution should be exercised in the use of concrete as the production of its precursor, Portland cement (PC), is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2. It is estimated that for every ton of PC produced, approximately one ton of CO2 is released into the atmosphere. For this reason, construction materials must be rethought and one of the lines of research to reduce CO2 emissions is the search for alternative precursors known as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). SCMs enable the full or partial substitution of PC. Complete replacement of PC leads to the development of alkali-activated materials (AAM), while partial replacements, typically around 70-80%, result in the development of hybrid materials (HM). This Doctoral Thesis involves the fabrication of both alternative cementitious materials, AAM mortars and HM mortars, to investigate their feasibility as TES. Specifically, for both alternatives, the main precursor used as a substitute is blast furnace slag (BFS), an industrial by-product that has proven to be a promising alternative. In the case of the AAM mortar composed of BFS, SLAG, the activation of the precursor is carried out with sodium silicate due to the excellent mechanical properties of the final cementitious material. Nevertheless, the use of solutions makes the workability of these systems difficult, so HM with BFS (HSLAG) are also manufactured, which hydrate in the presence of water. HM mortars are composed of almost 80% BFS, about 20% PC and 5% sodium sulphate to promote the alkaline medium necessary for BFS activation. After verifying through a life cycle analysis (LCA) that alternative mortars offer benefits in terms of carbon footprint and water footprint, as well as continuing to manufacture alternatives focused on PC substitution, the possibility of replacing the natural aggregate with glass waste (GW) is investigated. The substitution of sand is carried out in the three types of mortars (AAM, HM and reference PC) with the aim of reducing water consumption, as sand is the component with the highest water demand. However, only the AAM system, SLAG, allows up to 25% of sand to be replaced by GW (SLAG75), thanks to the high cohesion of its main reaction product, the C-A-S-H gel. When the alternatives are manufactured together with the PC reference mortar, both the compressive mechanical properties and the key thermal properties for a TES, thermal conductivity and specific heat, are evaluated before and after various thermal treatments. After analyzing how the mechanical and thermal properties are affected after thermal treatments −including exposure to constant temperatures and thermal cycling−, it is determined that the alternative systems offer comparable and even superior mechanical stability under temperature exposure than a conventional PC system. In addition, alternative materials, characterized by their thermal conductivity and specific heat, show a superior suitability for TES applications compared to PC. More specifically, the AAM system, SLAG, exhibits operational characteristics superior to PC by reducing heat-up times and increasing its storage capacity, which allows for a reduction in TES volume and a reduction in heat exchanger surface area. While the HM system, HSLAG, does not reach the performance of SLAG, it does offer operational improvements compared to PC. These promising results are attributed to less degradation of the reaction products generated in the alternative mortars and better cohesion between the binder and the aggregate. This last factor had a negative effect on SLAG75, as the weakness in the bond created between the binder and the GW, as well as a greater difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), lead to the generation of porosity, and even cracks, which determine both the mechanical and thermal behavior. Thus, when selecting a material such as TES, porosity must be controlled and evaluated as a critical parameter. The results displayed by the PC alternative systems developed in this Doctoral Thesis demonstrate their suitability to be selected as sustainable TES both at low-medium and high temperatures. Consequently, it can be generally concluded that the proposed alternative materials show a promising potential for their application as TES blocks. Thus, further research and development in this field could lead to the widespread adoption of these materials as TES, thus contributing to the transition towards sustainable and renewable energy systems.

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  • Authors: Nifatova, O.;

    Енергоефективність та енергозбереження є пріоритетним напрямком розвитку науки, технологій і техніки в Україні. Проведена в усьому світі політика енергозбереження спрямована на всі галузі і наукові дослідження в усіх сферах. Значним споживачем енергоресурсів є заклади вищої освіти. Актуалізація нормативно-правової та технічної бази, спрямованих на проектування і експлуатацію будівель з низьким рівнем енергоспоживання і високим класом енергоефективності свідчить про необхідність короткострокового вирішення проблеми. При цьому має місце відсутність системного погляду на енергоефективність, що не дозволяє оцінити рівень витрат енергоресурсів на всьому протязі життєвого циклу закладів вищої освіти, що показує необхідність пошуку ефективних шляхів вирішення проблеми. Для оцінки впливу факторів на електроспоживання та енергоефективність Київського національного університету технологій та дизайну було використано метод множинної регресії, проведений статистичний аналіз отриманих даних. В результаті вдалося з'ясувати, що дані електроспоживання не підкоряються закону нормального розподілу, тому побудувати точний прогноз електроспоживання важко. Використання ХАБ знань з енергоефективності дозволило провести більш якісний аналіз і виділити основні фактори, що впливають на електроспоживання. Університет має нерегульоване центральне опалення, системи індивідуального кондиціонування, а також центрального та індивідуального освітлення. У зв'язку з цим для проведення енергетичного моніторингу і енергоаудиту будівель університету було обрано такі основні фактори: середня температура повітря на вулиці, середня тривалість світлового дня, опалювальний період, середня кількість осіб, які працюють в день, протягом місяця. Впровадження запропонованої схеми структурної організації типової системи автоматичного обліку енергоспоживання університету на базі університетського ХАБ знань з енергоефективності: серверу, що дозволяє збирати, зберігати і обробляти дані; маршрутизатори за допомогою різних провідних і бездротових технологій ...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pel, Bonno; Vadovics, Edina; Schmid, Benjamin; Markantoni, Marianna; +6 Authors

    This deliverable includes the methodology in EnergyPROSPECTS for an in-depth study of energy citizenship. It features the criteria used for selecting the cases for indepth study, the list of cases selected for in-depth study as well as key research foci and empirical research questions.

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  • Authors: Ding, Yang; Wang, Chunhua; Pei, Lang; Mao, Qinan; +7 Authors

    Owing to their high luminous efficiency and tunable emission in both red light and far-red light regions, Mn4+ ion-activated phosphors have appealed significant interest in photoelectric and energy conversion devices such as white light emitting diode (W-LED), plant cultivation LED, and temperature thermometer. Up to now, Mn4+ has been widely introduced into the lattices of various inorganic hosts for brightly red-emitting phosphors. However, how to correlate the structure-activity relationship between host framework, luminescence property, and photoelectric device is urgently demanded. In this review, we thoroughly summarize the recent advances of Mn4+ doped phosphors. Meanwhile, several strategies like co-doping and defect passivation for improving Mn4+ emission are also discussed. Most importantly, the relationship between the protocols for tailoring the structures of Mn4+ doped phosphors, increased luminescence performance, and the targeted devices with efficient photoelectric and energy conversion efficiency is deeply correlated. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of Mn4+ doped phosphors for practical applications are anticipated. We cordially anticipate that this review can deliver a deep comprehension of not only Mn4+ luminescence mechanism but also the crystal structure tailoring strategy of phosphors, so as to spur innovative thoughts in designing advanced phosphors and deepening the applications.

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    Authors: Yang, Luqi;

    This doctoral thesis focuses on tourism recovery, sustainability and future development under the influence of global industry crisis. Part I provides the introduction. Part II introduces the conceptual framework of three published theoretical papers. The first paper focuses on bibliometric studies of tourism and COVID-19 topics. The current state of the art reveals interdisciplinary research interests on crisis management, tourism sustainability and stakeholder collaborations. It also identifies underexplored topics on the social, environmental, cultural and governance dimensions of sustainable tourism and stresses the function of technology and innovation in helping sustainable governance and protocols. The second paper focuses on the thematic analysis of tourism sustainability and COVID-19 and highlights new growth potentials in high technologies utilization, strategic planning and management. The third paper focuses on the thematic analysis of China’s tourism recovery and resilience strategies. Measures related to tourism industrial reemployment, digitalization, nature, cultural heritages and dark tourism became important factors in the future development of China’s tourism. Part III introduces two empirical studies, with the fourth paper – panel data analysis upon cross-sectional sustainable performances of tourism and hospitality companies, in discovering their relationships with corporate financial performances when moderated by global industrial crises. It contributes to advancing our comprehension of the determinants influencing sustainability in the hospitality sector, with a nuanced understanding of how global industrial crises moderate these dynamics. The fifth paper was an empirical study on tourism sustainability and innovation – in finding the relationships between environmental innovation and tourism sustainable performances, financial performances, and how the relationships would be influenced under the global crisis lens. It has highlighted environmental innovation as a potential worthy investment and green transition opportunity, in dealing with global climate change, innovative capabilities in environmental management, and fulfillment of stakeholder social commitment. Part IV demonstrates the conclusions, implications, limitations and future research. Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la recuperación del turismo, la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo futuro bajo la influencia de la crisis de la industria global. La parte I proporciona la introducción. La Parte II presenta el marco conceptual de tres artículos teóricos publicados. El primer artículo se centra en estudios bibliométricos sobre turismo y temas de COVID-19. El estado actual del arte revela intereses de investigación interdisciplinarios sobre gestión de crisis, sostenibilidad del turismo y colaboraciones de partes interesadas. También identifica temas poco explorados sobre las dimensiones social, ambiental, cultural y de gobernanza del turismo sostenible y destaca la función de la tecnología y la innovación para ayudar a la gobernanza y los protocolos sostenibles. El segundo documento se centra en el análisis temático de la sostenibilidad del turismo y la COVID-19 y destaca nuevos potenciales de crecimiento en la utilización, la planificación estratégica y la gestión de altas tecnologías. El tercer artículo se centra en el análisis temático de las estrategias de recuperación y resiliencia del turismo de China. Las medidas relacionadas con el reempleo industrial del turismo, la digitalización, la naturaleza, los patrimonios culturales y el turismo oscuro se convirtieron en factores importantes en el desarrollo futuro del turismo de China. La Parte III presenta dos estudios empíricos, y el cuarto artículo es un análisis de datos de panel sobre el desempeño sostenible transversal de las empresas de turismo y hotelería, para descubrir sus relaciones con el desempeño financiero corporativo cuando está moderado por crisis industriales globales. El quinto documento fue un estudio empírico sobre la sostenibilidad y la innovación del turismo, para encontrar las relaciones entre la innovación ambiental y el desempeño sostenible del turismo, el desempeño financiero y cómo las relaciones se verían influenciadas bajo la lente de la crisis global. La Parte IV demuestra las conclusiones, implicaciones, limitaciones y futuras investigaciones. Aquesta tesi doctoral se centra en la recuperació del turisme, la sostenibilitat i el desenvolupament futur sota la influència de la crisi global de la indústria. La part I proporciona la introducció. La segona part presenta el marc conceptual de tres articles teòrics publicats. El primer article se centra en estudis bibliomètrics de turisme i temes de COVID-19. L'estat actual de l'art revela interessos de recerca interdisciplinaris sobre gestió de crisi, sostenibilitat turística i col·laboracions amb les parts interessades. També identifica temes poc explorats sobre les dimensions social, ambiental, cultural i de governança del turisme sostenible i subratlla la funció de la tecnologia i la innovació per ajudar a la governança i els protocols sostenibles. El segon article se centra en l'anàlisi temàtica de la sostenibilitat turística i la COVID-19 i destaca els nous potencials de creixement en la utilització de les altes tecnologies, la planificació estratègica i la gestió. El tercer article se centra en l'anàlisi temàtica de les estratègies de recuperació i resiliència turística de la Xina. Les mesures relacionades amb la reocupació industrial del turisme, la digitalització, la natura, els patrimonis culturals i el turisme fosc es van convertir en factors importants en el desenvolupament futur del turisme de la Xina. La part III introdueix dos estudis empírics, amb el quart article: anàlisi de dades de panells sobre el rendiment transversal transversal de les empreses de turisme i hostaleria, per descobrir les seves relacions amb els resultats financers de les empreses quan són moderades per les crisis industrials globals. El cinquè document va ser un estudi empíric sobre la sostenibilitat i la innovació del turisme: per trobar les relacions entre la innovació ambiental i els rendiments sostenibles del turisme, els resultats financers i com es veurien influenciades les relacions sota la lent de la crisi global. La part IV mostra les conclusions, implicacions, limitacions i investigacions futures.

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    Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
    Doctoral thesis . 2024
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      Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa
      Doctoral thesis . 2024
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    Authors: Gas Ferrer, Carlos;

    A strontium atomic source is characterized in terms of flux and angular distribution in this project. Beam collimation via a microcapillary nozzle is studied and tested against theoretical models. Further improvement of the atomic beam via one-dimensional transverse cooling is demonstrated.

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  • Authors: Bouchra Zellou;

    Résumé. Il existe un consensus scientifique sur le fait que la région méditerranéenne (MEDR) se réchauffe et que, à mesure que la température continue d'augmenter, les événements extrêmes tels que les sécheresses et les vagues de chaleur deviennent plus fréquents, plus graves et plus répandus. Compte tenu des effets néfastes des sécheresses, il est crucial d'accélérer le développement de systèmes de prévision et d'alerte précoce afin de minimiser leur impact négatif. Cet article examine l'état actuel des connaissances en matière de modélisation et de prévision de la sécheresse à l'aide de modèles statistiques, dynamiques et hybrides statistiques-dynamiques, et suggère certaines perspectives de recherche pour améliorer davantage la prévision de la sécheresse dans cette région. L'examen révèle que, bien que toutes les méthodes aient leurs forces et leurs faiblesses, les méthodes statistiques et dynamiques hybrides peuvent effectuer la prédiction la plus habile avec un long délai. Cependant, l'application de ces méthodes reste difficile en raison du manque de données d'observation de haute qualité et des ressources informatiques limitées. Enfin, l'article conclut en discutant de l'importance d'utiliser une combinaison de méthodes sophistiquées telles que les techniques d'assimilation de données, les modèles d'apprentissage automatique et les modèles de copules et d'intégrer des données provenant de différentes sources (par exemple, les données de télédétection, les mesures in situ et la réanalyse) pour améliorer la précision et l'efficacité des prévisions de sécheresse. Resumen. Existe un consenso científico de que la región mediterránea (MEDR) se está calentando y, a medida que la temperatura continúa aumentando, los eventos extremos como las sequías y las olas de calor se están volviendo más frecuentes, severos y generalizados. Dados los efectos perjudiciales de las sequías, es crucial acelerar el desarrollo de sistemas de pronóstico y alerta temprana para minimizar su impacto negativo. Este documento examina el estado actual del conocimiento en el modelado y la predicción de la sequía utilizando modelos estadísticos, dinámicos e híbridos estadístico-dinámicos, y sugiere algunas perspectivas de investigación para mejorar aún más la predicción de la sequía en esta región. La revisión encuentra que, si bien todos los métodos tienen sus fortalezas y deficiencias, los métodos estadístico-dinámicos híbridos pueden realizar la predicción más hábil con un largo tiempo de espera. Sin embargo, la aplicación de estos métodos sigue siendo un desafío debido a la falta de datos observacionales de alta calidad y a los limitados recursos computacionales. Finalmente, el documento concluye discutiendo la importancia de usar una combinación de métodos sofisticados como técnicas de asimilación de datos, modelos de aprendizaje automático y modelos de cópula e integrar datos de diferentes fuentes (por ejemplo, datos de teledetección, mediciones in situ y reanálisis) para mejorar la precisión y eficiencia del pronóstico de sequías. Abstract. There is a scientific consensus that the Mediterranean region (MEDR) is warming and as the temperature continues to rise, extreme events such as droughts and heat waves are becoming more frequent, severe, and widespread. Given the detrimental effects of droughts, it is crucial to accelerate the development of forecasting and early warning systems to minimize their negative impact. This paper examines the current state of knowledge in drought modeling and prediction using statistical, dynamical, and hybrid statistical-dynamical models, and suggests some research prospects to further improve drought prediction in this region. The review finds that while all methods have their strengths and shortcomings, hybrid statistical-dynamical methods can perform the most skillful prediction with a long lead time. However, the application of these methods is still challenging due to the lack of high-quality observational data and the limited computational resources. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing the importance of using a combination of sophisticated methods such as data assimilation techniques, machine learning models, and copula models and integrating data from different sources (e.g., remote sensing data, in-situ measurements, and reanalysis) to improve the accuracy and efficiency of drought forecasting. الخلاصة. هناك إجماع علمي على أن منطقة البحر الأبيض المتوسط (MEDR) ترتفع درجة حرارتها ومع استمرار ارتفاع درجة الحرارة، أصبحت الأحداث المتطرفة مثل الجفاف وموجات الحرارة أكثر تكرارًا وشدة وانتشارًا. بالنظر إلى الآثار الضارة للجفاف، من الأهمية بمكان تسريع تطوير أنظمة التنبؤ والإنذار المبكر لتقليل تأثيرها السلبي. تبحث هذه الورقة في الحالة الراهنة للمعرفة في نمذجة الجفاف والتنبؤ به باستخدام النماذج الإحصائية والديناميكية والهجينة، وتقترح بعض آفاق البحث لزيادة تحسين التنبؤ بالجفاف في هذه المنطقة. وجدت المراجعة أنه في حين أن جميع الأساليب لها نقاط قوتها وعيوبها، فإن الأساليب الإحصائية الديناميكية الهجينة يمكن أن تؤدي التنبؤ الأكثر مهارة مع مهلة زمنية طويلة. ومع ذلك، لا يزال تطبيق هذه الأساليب يمثل تحديًا بسبب نقص بيانات المراقبة عالية الجودة ومحدودية الموارد الحسابية. أخيرًا، تختتم الورقة بمناقشة أهمية استخدام مجموعة من الأساليب المتطورة مثل تقنيات استيعاب البيانات ونماذج التعلم الآلي ونماذج الكوبولا ودمج البيانات من مصادر مختلفة (على سبيل المثال، بيانات الاستشعار عن بعد والقياسات في الموقع وإعادة التحليل) لتحسين دقة وكفاءة التنبؤ بالجفاف.

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    El aumento espectacular y sin precedentes de las llamadas células solares de perovskita (PSC) en la eficiencia de conversión con procesos de fabricación de bajo costo ha llamado la atención de la comunidad científica en el campo de la energía fotovoltaica durante los últimos cuatro años. La inclusión de materiales absorbentes de tipo perovskita, típicamente CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , ha sido el factor clave para el desarrollo de esta tecnología emergente que ha creado muchas expectativas. Sin embargo, muchos aspectos poco conocidos de sus modos de operación aún necesitan explicaciones confiables. Este documento proporciona una breve introducción a la estructura, materiales y características de las PSC. Además, se proporcionan algunos comentarios sobre la estabilidad de estos dispositivos y se discute el estado del arte de varios temas de interés, como el fenómeno de histéresis de las curvas de corriente-voltaje. L'augmentation spectaculaire et sans précédent de l'efficacité de conversion des cellules solaires dites pérovskites (CSP) avec des procédés de fabrication à faible coût a attiré l'attention de la communauté scientifique dans le domaine du photovoltaïque au cours des quatre dernières années. L'inclusion de matériaux absorbants de type pérovskite, typiquement CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , a été le facteur clé pour le développement de cette technologie émergente qui a créé beaucoup d'attentes. Cependant, de nombreux aspects mal compris de ses modes de fonctionnement ont encore besoin d'explications fiables. Cet article fournit une brève introduction à la structure, aux matériaux et aux caractéristiques des CSP. En outre, quelques remarques sur la stabilité de ces dispositifs sont fournies et l'état de l'art de plusieurs sujets d'intérêt est discuté, tels que le phénomène d'hystérésis des courbes courant-tension. The spectacular and unprecedented rise of so-called perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in conversion efficiency with low-cost manufacturing processes has grabbed the attention of the scientific community in the field of photovoltaics during the last four years.The inclusion of perovskite type absorber materials, typically CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , has been the key factor for the development of this emerging technology that has created a lot of expectations.However, many poorly understood aspects of its operating modes still need of reliable explanations.This paper provides a brief introduction to the structure, materials and characteristics of PSCs.In addition, some remarks about the stability of these devices are provided and the state-of-the-art of several subjects of interest is discussed, such as the hysteresis phenomenon of current-voltage curves. استحوذ الارتفاع المذهل وغير المسبوق لما يسمى بالخلايا الشمسية البيروفسكيتية (PSCs) في كفاءة التحويل مع عمليات التصنيع منخفضة التكلفة على اهتمام المجتمع العلمي في مجال الخلايا الكهروضوئية خلال السنوات الأربع الماضية. كان إدراج مواد امتصاص من نوع البيروفسكيت، عادةً CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ، هو العامل الرئيسي لتطوير هذه التكنولوجيا الناشئة التي خلقت الكثير من التوقعات. ومع ذلك، لا تزال العديد من الجوانب غير المفهومة لأوضاع تشغيلها بحاجة إلى تفسيرات موثوقة. توفر هذه الورقة مقدمة موجزة لهيكل ومواد وخصائص PSC. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم تقديم بعض الملاحظات حول استقرار هذه الأجهزة ومناقشة أحدث ما توصلت إليه العديد من الموضوعات المثيرة للاهتمام، مثل ظاهرة التباطؤ في منحنيات الجهد الحالي.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/jq...
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    Authors: Hubeau, Michiel;
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    Authors: Pacheco Pardo, Ramon; Kim, Tongfi; Ernst, Maximilian; Ahn, Sung Kyoo; +1 Authors

    This report sets out to analyse South Korea’s positioning in non-traditional security. Since the end of the Cold War, non-traditional threats have become more central to the national security of countries everywhere across the world. South Korea is no exception. However, most existing analyses of South Korea’s security tend to focus on traditional issues and great power politics, most notably North Korea’s military capabilities or Sino-American rivalry and the threat that each of them poses to South Korea. This report helps to address this imbalance in our understanding of threats to South Korean national security. The report analyses non-traditional security by focusing on four key domains: cyber, energy, maritime and trade.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Vrije Universiteit B...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Vrije Universiteit B...arrow_drop_down
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  • Climate change has become one of the most urgent challenges facing our planet today. The consequences we are gradually experiencing have been driven by human activity. Specifically, the increase in energy demand, met mainly through the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil derivatives and natural gas, has significantly increased greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), leading to global warming. To address the environmental problems arising from climate change, which we are gradually experiencing, it is clear that the development of the use of renewable energy sources is the key to the transition from fossil fuels to these innovative energy alternatives, in order to achieve zero emissions and contribute to decarbonization. However, the deployment of these clean energies requires the development of systems that guarantee continuous energy production, to overcome interruptions caused by the variability of natural resources like wind, sun, or water. A viable solution to this issue is employing energy storage technologies to correct the mismatch between energy supply and demand. In particular, in the specific case of the use of the sun as a renewable thermal energy source, thermal energy storage (TES) systems are of great interest, since more than half of the energy demanded in industry is thermal energy. Among the different sensible TES media, conventional concrete is emerging as a very attractive option for use as TES due to its low cost, high availability, ease of processing, high specific heat, good mechanical stability at high temperature and excellent operational performance when subjected to thermal cycling. And despite its moderate thermal conductivity, research has shown that incorporating multiple heat exchangers through which the heat transfer fluid (HTF) passes in concrete improves its efficiency, albeit at an increased cost. However, caution should be exercised in the use of concrete as the production of its precursor, Portland cement (PC), is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2. It is estimated that for every ton of PC produced, approximately one ton of CO2 is released into the atmosphere. For this reason, construction materials must be rethought and one of the lines of research to reduce CO2 emissions is the search for alternative precursors known as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). SCMs enable the full or partial substitution of PC. Complete replacement of PC leads to the development of alkali-activated materials (AAM), while partial replacements, typically around 70-80%, result in the development of hybrid materials (HM). This Doctoral Thesis involves the fabrication of both alternative cementitious materials, AAM mortars and HM mortars, to investigate their feasibility as TES. Specifically, for both alternatives, the main precursor used as a substitute is blast furnace slag (BFS), an industrial by-product that has proven to be a promising alternative. In the case of the AAM mortar composed of BFS, SLAG, the activation of the precursor is carried out with sodium silicate due to the excellent mechanical properties of the final cementitious material. Nevertheless, the use of solutions makes the workability of these systems difficult, so HM with BFS (HSLAG) are also manufactured, which hydrate in the presence of water. HM mortars are composed of almost 80% BFS, about 20% PC and 5% sodium sulphate to promote the alkaline medium necessary for BFS activation. After verifying through a life cycle analysis (LCA) that alternative mortars offer benefits in terms of carbon footprint and water footprint, as well as continuing to manufacture alternatives focused on PC substitution, the possibility of replacing the natural aggregate with glass waste (GW) is investigated. The substitution of sand is carried out in the three types of mortars (AAM, HM and reference PC) with the aim of reducing water consumption, as sand is the component with the highest water demand. However, only the AAM system, SLAG, allows up to 25% of sand to be replaced by GW (SLAG75), thanks to the high cohesion of its main reaction product, the C-A-S-H gel. When the alternatives are manufactured together with the PC reference mortar, both the compressive mechanical properties and the key thermal properties for a TES, thermal conductivity and specific heat, are evaluated before and after various thermal treatments. After analyzing how the mechanical and thermal properties are affected after thermal treatments −including exposure to constant temperatures and thermal cycling−, it is determined that the alternative systems offer comparable and even superior mechanical stability under temperature exposure than a conventional PC system. In addition, alternative materials, characterized by their thermal conductivity and specific heat, show a superior suitability for TES applications compared to PC. More specifically, the AAM system, SLAG, exhibits operational characteristics superior to PC by reducing heat-up times and increasing its storage capacity, which allows for a reduction in TES volume and a reduction in heat exchanger surface area. While the HM system, HSLAG, does not reach the performance of SLAG, it does offer operational improvements compared to PC. These promising results are attributed to less degradation of the reaction products generated in the alternative mortars and better cohesion between the binder and the aggregate. This last factor had a negative effect on SLAG75, as the weakness in the bond created between the binder and the GW, as well as a greater difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), lead to the generation of porosity, and even cracks, which determine both the mechanical and thermal behavior. Thus, when selecting a material such as TES, porosity must be controlled and evaluated as a critical parameter. The results displayed by the PC alternative systems developed in this Doctoral Thesis demonstrate their suitability to be selected as sustainable TES both at low-medium and high temperatures. Consequently, it can be generally concluded that the proposed alternative materials show a promising potential for their application as TES blocks. Thus, further research and development in this field could lead to the widespread adoption of these materials as TES, thus contributing to the transition towards sustainable and renewable energy systems.

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