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Currently active suspension system is more applicable than passive for improving the suspension performance, ensuring the stability and passenger safety in modern automotive suspension system. However, high energy consumption is one of the main disadvantages of implementing this system in real applications. In this paper, the energy consumption of electromagnetic actuators used for an active suspension system controlled by proportional-integral-derivative (PID), fuzzy adaptive PID, and neuron adaptive PID are investigated through simulation studies. Based on the energy consumption and the performance analysis, it has found that it is potential to develop a vibration energy recovery system to achieve the energy balance requirement in active suspension systems.

This deliverable includes the methodology in EnergyPROSPECTS for an in-depth study of energy citizenship. It features the criteria used for selecting the cases for indepth study, the list of cases selected for in-depth study as well as key research foci and empirical research questions.

In 2008 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its experiments started operation at the European Centre of Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva with the main aim of finding or excluding the Higgs boson. Only four years later, on the 4th of July 2012, the discovery of a Higgs-like particle was proven and first published by the two main experiments ATLAS and CMS. Even though proton–proton collisions are the main operation mode of the LHC, it also acts as an heavy-ion collider. Here, the term “heavy-ion collisions” refers to the collision between fully stripped nuclei. While the major hardware system of the LHC is compatible with heavy-ion operation, the beam dynamics and performance limits of ion beams are quite different from those of protons. Because of the higher mass and charge of the ions, beam dynamic effects like intra-beam scattering and radiation damping are stronger. Also the electromagnetic cross-sections in the collisions are larger, leading to significantly faster intensity decay and thus shorter luminosity lifetimes. As the production cross-sections for various physics processes under study of the experiments are still small at energies reachable with the LHC and because the heavy-ion run time is limited to a few days per year, it is essential to obtain the highest possible collision rate, i.e. maximise the instantaneous luminosity, in order to obtain enough events and therefore low statistical errors. Within this thesis, the past performance of the LHC in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions, at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per colliding nucleon pair, is analysed and potential luminosity limitations are identified. Tools are developed to predict future performance and techniques are presented to further increase the luminosity. Finally, a perspective on the future of high energy heavy-ion colliders is given.

The SBE19 Brussels - BAMB-CIRCPATH "Building as Material Banks - A Pathway for a Circular held in Brussels on 5 to 7 of February 2019, is an initiative of the Consortium of the H2020 BAMB Project together with the Sustainable Built Environment (SBE) series of conferences. Being within the SBE series, this event gathers the support of CIB International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, iiSBE International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment, the United Nations Environment Programme, and FIDIC International Federation of Consulting Engineers. The goal of this series of regional and international conferences is to disseminate innovative policies and developments in the field of sustainable urban environment to a broad international audience of specialists in policy, design, construction and operation of buildings and related infrastructure. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Optimization of all numerical codes ported in the infrastructure and used for supercapacitors, PV and batteries. The scope of deliverable D3.2 is to report the new advances in the field of materials for energy that comes from the search of new methodologies and models that could be more efficient on the new generation of computer hardware for exascale. In this respect, deliverable D3.2 is a transversal deliverable that report the new advances related to activities described in task T3.2, T3.3 and T3.4. H2020

This doctoral thesis focuses on tourism recovery, sustainability and future development under the influence of global industry crisis. Part I provides the introduction. Part II introduces the conceptual framework of three published theoretical papers. The first paper focuses on bibliometric studies of tourism and COVID-19 topics. The current state of the art reveals interdisciplinary research interests on crisis management, tourism sustainability and stakeholder collaborations. It also identifies underexplored topics on the social, environmental, cultural and governance dimensions of sustainable tourism and stresses the function of technology and innovation in helping sustainable governance and protocols. The second paper focuses on the thematic analysis of tourism sustainability and COVID-19 and highlights new growth potentials in high technologies utilization, strategic planning and management. The third paper focuses on the thematic analysis of China’s tourism recovery and resilience strategies. Measures related to tourism industrial reemployment, digitalization, nature, cultural heritages and dark tourism became important factors in the future development of China’s tourism. Part III introduces two empirical studies, with the fourth paper – panel data analysis upon cross-sectional sustainable performances of tourism and hospitality companies, in discovering their relationships with corporate financial performances when moderated by global industrial crises. It contributes to advancing our comprehension of the determinants influencing sustainability in the hospitality sector, with a nuanced understanding of how global industrial crises moderate these dynamics. The fifth paper was an empirical study on tourism sustainability and innovation – in finding the relationships between environmental innovation and tourism sustainable performances, financial performances, and how the relationships would be influenced under the global crisis lens. It has highlighted environmental innovation as a potential worthy investment and green transition opportunity, in dealing with global climate change, innovative capabilities in environmental management, and fulfillment of stakeholder social commitment. Part IV demonstrates the conclusions, implications, limitations and future research. Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la recuperación del turismo, la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo futuro bajo la influencia de la crisis de la industria global. La parte I proporciona la introducción. La Parte II presenta el marco conceptual de tres artículos teóricos publicados. El primer artículo se centra en estudios bibliométricos sobre turismo y temas de COVID-19. El estado actual del arte revela intereses de investigación interdisciplinarios sobre gestión de crisis, sostenibilidad del turismo y colaboraciones de partes interesadas. También identifica temas poco explorados sobre las dimensiones social, ambiental, cultural y de gobernanza del turismo sostenible y destaca la función de la tecnología y la innovación para ayudar a la gobernanza y los protocolos sostenibles. El segundo documento se centra en el análisis temático de la sostenibilidad del turismo y la COVID-19 y destaca nuevos potenciales de crecimiento en la utilización, la planificación estratégica y la gestión de altas tecnologías. El tercer artículo se centra en el análisis temático de las estrategias de recuperación y resiliencia del turismo de China. Las medidas relacionadas con el reempleo industrial del turismo, la digitalización, la naturaleza, los patrimonios culturales y el turismo oscuro se convirtieron en factores importantes en el desarrollo futuro del turismo de China. La Parte III presenta dos estudios empíricos, y el cuarto artículo es un análisis de datos de panel sobre el desempeño sostenible transversal de las empresas de turismo y hotelería, para descubrir sus relaciones con el desempeño financiero corporativo cuando está moderado por crisis industriales globales. El quinto documento fue un estudio empírico sobre la sostenibilidad y la innovación del turismo, para encontrar las relaciones entre la innovación ambiental y el desempeño sostenible del turismo, el desempeño financiero y cómo las relaciones se verían influenciadas bajo la lente de la crisis global. La Parte IV demuestra las conclusiones, implicaciones, limitaciones y futuras investigaciones. Aquesta tesi doctoral se centra en la recuperació del turisme, la sostenibilitat i el desenvolupament futur sota la influència de la crisi global de la indústria. La part I proporciona la introducció. La segona part presenta el marc conceptual de tres articles teòrics publicats. El primer article se centra en estudis bibliomètrics de turisme i temes de COVID-19. L'estat actual de l'art revela interessos de recerca interdisciplinaris sobre gestió de crisi, sostenibilitat turística i col·laboracions amb les parts interessades. També identifica temes poc explorats sobre les dimensions social, ambiental, cultural i de governança del turisme sostenible i subratlla la funció de la tecnologia i la innovació per ajudar a la governança i els protocols sostenibles. El segon article se centra en l'anàlisi temàtica de la sostenibilitat turística i la COVID-19 i destaca els nous potencials de creixement en la utilització de les altes tecnologies, la planificació estratègica i la gestió. El tercer article se centra en l'anàlisi temàtica de les estratègies de recuperació i resiliència turística de la Xina. Les mesures relacionades amb la reocupació industrial del turisme, la digitalització, la natura, els patrimonis culturals i el turisme fosc es van convertir en factors importants en el desenvolupament futur del turisme de la Xina. La part III introdueix dos estudis empírics, amb el quart article: anàlisi de dades de panells sobre el rendiment transversal transversal de les empreses de turisme i hostaleria, per descobrir les seves relacions amb els resultats financers de les empreses quan són moderades per les crisis industrials globals. El cinquè document va ser un estudi empíric sobre la sostenibilitat i la innovació del turisme: per trobar les relacions entre la innovació ambiental i els rendiments sostenibles del turisme, els resultats financers i com es veurien influenciades les relacions sota la lent de la crisi global. La part IV mostra les conclusions, implicacions, limitacions i investigacions futures.

River systems play an important role in the filling of sedimentary basins and record the history of external forcing processes, such as climate, tectonics and sea-level change, acting on them. They are potential reservoirs for oil, gas and water, and can host coal and placer mineral deposits. Because of the complex interplay between the external forcing processes, however, understanding of the genesis of the stratigraphy of river systems and interpreting the stratigraphy correctly is far from straightforward. Current conceptual models are oversimplified, and more insight into the impact of external forcing processes must be gained to improve these models. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of climate (i.e., discharge and sediment influx) on the development of the large-scale stratigraphic architecture of river systems, in isolation and in conjunction with sea-level fluctuations, through an analogue modelling approach. Analogue physical models reproduce the long-term average effects and products of the transport processes in a river system, rather than the transport processes themselves. An advantage of analogue modelling over numerical modelling is that it is hard to make the model fit preconceived notions about the results, making it possible to test and develop conceptual models. The impact of climate (i.e., discharge and sediment influx) on the large-scale stratigraphic architecture of river-delta-shelf-basin systems appears not to be as dominant as the impact of sea-level change, but it does significantly affect the smaller scale stratigraphic architecture, such as the relative size of systems tracts and the rate and extent of erosion. Furthermore, we found a fundamental difference between the impact of changes in discharge and the impact of changes in sediment influx on the yield and mass accumulation at the mouth of a river system. River systems can act as buffers for rapid changes in sediment influx, while they react very rapidly to changes in discharge. Thus, the small-scale stratigraphy at the river mouth is controlled mainly by changes in discharge, and the large-scale stratigraphy is controlled by changes in sediment influx (and sea-level fluctuations). Also, because the response of the river gradient to an increase in discharge is the opposite to its response to an increase in sediment influx (and vice versa), the mass accumulation at the river mouth, combined with the overall stratigraphic architecture of the system, can be used to constrain paleo-discharge and paleo-sediment influx scenarios. Finally, our experiments show that a complex stratigraphic architecture is not necessarily the result of complex forcing, but can result from very simple changes in discharge. To assess the development of the stratigraphy in physical models, a new method for processing the data obtained in the experiments was developed. Series of subsequent digital elevation models of the surface of the model are converted, using custom-made software, into synthetic three-dimensional stratigraphy, containing true isochronous surfaces. This data set contains the development of the system through time in three dimensions, and can be presented in various formats, such as geological maps, geological sections and Wheeler diagrams.