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Ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol poisoning can cause life-threatening complications. Toxicity of EG and methanol is related to the production of toxic metabolites by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which can lead to metabolic acidosis, renal failure (in EG poisoning), blindness (in methanol poisoning) and death. Therapy consists of general supportive care (e.g. intravenous fluids, correction of electrolytes and acidaemia), the use of antidotes and haemodialysis. Haemodialysis is considered a key element in the treatment of severe EG and methanol intoxication and is aimed at removing both the parent compound and its toxic metabolites, reducing the duration of antidotal treatment and shortening the hospital observation period. Currently, there are two antidotes used to block ADH-mediated metabolism of EG and methanol: ethanol and fomepizole. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of both antidotes in terms of efficacy, safety and costs are discussed in order to help the physician to decide which antidote is appropriate in a specific clinical setting.

In this paper, a land-use modelling framework is presented combining empirical and theory-based modelling approaches to determine economic potential of biofuel production avoiding indirect land-use changes (iLUC) resulting from land competition with other functions. The empirical approach explores future developments in food and feed production to determine land availability and technical potential of biofuel production. The theory-based approach assesses the economic performance of biofuel crops on the surplus land in comparison with other production systems and determines the economic potential of biofuel production. The framework is demonstrated for a case study in Argentina to determine the development of biofuel potential from soy and switchgrass up to 2030. Two scenarios were considered regarding future developments of productivity in agriculture and livestock production. It was found that under a scenario reflecting a continuation of current trends, no surplus land is expected to become available. Nevertheless, the potential for soybean biodiesel is expected to keep increasing up to 103 PJ in 2030, due to the existence of a developed agro-industrial sector jointly producing feed and biodiesel. In case large technological developments occur, 32 Mha could become available in 2030, which would allow for a technical potential of 472 PJ soybean biodiesel and 1445 PJ switchgrass bioethanol. According to the economic assessment, an economic potential of 368 PJ of soy biodiesel and 1.1 EJ switchgrass bioethanol could be attained, at a feedstock production cost of 100–155 US$/ton and 20–45 US$/ton, respectively. The region of southwest Buenos Aires and La Pampa provinces appeared to be particularly promising for switchgrass. The ability of jointly assessing future developments in land availability, technical and economic potential of biofuel production avoiding iLUC and spatial distribution of viable locations for growing biofuel crops means that the proposed framework is a step forward in assessing the potential for biofuel production that is both economically viable and sustainably produced.

CO2 emissions from distributed energy systems are expected to become increasingly significant, accounting for about 20% for current global energy-related CO2 emissions in 2030. This article reviews, assesses and compares the techno-economic performance of CO2 capture from distributed energy systems taking into account differences in timeframe, fuel type and energy plant type. The analysis includes the energy plant, CO2 capture and compression, and distributed transport between the capture site and a trunk pipeline. Key parameters, e.g., capacity factor, energy prices and interest rate, were normalized for the performance comparison. The findings of this study indicate that in the short-mid term (around 2020–2025), the energy penalty for CO2 capture ranges between 23% and 30% for coal-fired plants and 10–28% for natural gas-fired plants. Costs are between 30 and 140 h/tCO2 avoided for plant scales larger than 100 MWLHV (fuel input) and 50–150 h/tCO2 avoided for 10–100 MWLHV. In the long-term (2030 and beyond), the energy penalty for CO2 capture might reduce to between 4% and 9% and the costs to around 10–90 h/tCO2 avoided for plant scales larger than 100 MWLHV, 25–100 h/tCO2 avoided for 10–100 MWLHV and 35–150 h/tCO2 avoided for 10 MWLHV or smaller. CO2 compression and distributed transport costs are significant. For a distance of 30 km, 10 h/tCO2 transported was calculated for scales below 500 tCO2/day and more than 50 h/tCO2 transported for scales below 5 tCO2/day (equivalent to 1 MWLHV natural gas). CO2 compression is responsible for the largest share of these costs. CO2 capture from distributed energy systems is not prohibitively expensive and has a significant cost reduction potential in the long term. Distributed CO2 emission sources should also be considered for CCS, adding to the economies of scale of CO2 transport and storage, and optimizing the deployment of CCS. & 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd

This repository contains the scripts and own generated data developed for the article: Miranda Xicotencatl, B., Kleijn, R., van Nielen, S., Donati, F., Sprecher, B., & Tukker, A. (2023). Data implementation matters: Effect of software choice and LCI database evolution on a comparative LCA study of permanent magnets. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 27(5), 1252–1265. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13410 The data folder contains the characterized results of three alternatives for the production of rare earth magnets (REMs), calculated with several versions of the ecoinvent database (v2.2 and cut-off v3.1 to v3.6), their life cycle inventories, the foreground data to reproduce their product system models and the data plotted in Figures 3, 4 and 5 of the related article. The file with the Data Underlying the Figures in the Main Article is: `dataPlottedInFig_3_4_and_5.xlsx`. The document BWimport in the repository guides the user through the interaction with the custom scripts necessary to reproduce the results of this research. It is available as a PDF and as an interactive Jupyter notebook (IPYNB). Please refer to the article and the first part of the supplementary information (SI1) for further details about the context and purpose of this repository.Note on foreground dataSprecher et al. (2014) made their foreground data partially available in a human-readable format under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The file `processDataCMLCA.xlsx` is based on their complete product system model and consists of an annotated human- and machine-readable version. This modified version also includes the allocation factors used by Sprecher et al. (2014) that were not reported in their original publication.Note on licensesThe data in the repository is based on the work by Sprecher et al. (2014) and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License by Brenda Miranda Xicotencatl. The underlying source code is available in this repository under the MIT license. If you use the scripts, please refer to the Zenodo repository. For other use cases, please cite the research article.

The economic system has traditionally operated according to the linear model, which predicts that a product will reach its end of life, moving towards production, consumption, and finally, disposal. However, this model has proven unsustainable in the agri-food sector, leading to enormous food losses and waste and a cascade of adverse environmental, economic, and social effects. However, agri-food by-products are deemed as possible sources of bioactive molecules with beneficial health properties like phenolic compounds or dietary fiber. Indeed, polyphenols are crucial in preventing non-communicable diseases, whereas dietary fiber helps prevent obesity, reduce blood cholesterol levels, and improve intestinal stool transit. For this reason, an optimal and reasonable scope for the food by-products could be their incorporation in different food matrices, thus becoming functional food ingredients to improve economic systems sustainability and foodstuff's nutritional profile. Therefore, the main goal of the current PhD project was to upcycle different agrofood byproducts (AFBYs) (namely, grape, red chicory, and apple by-products) from the agro-industry and study their incorporation into bakery or pasta formulations and study how those AFBYs impact the final product's nutritional, physicalchemical, textural, rheological, and sensory properties. In addition, I characterized phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS/MS method of some of the AFBYs and studied their fate by performing an in vitro digestion. In particular, I focused on different agrifood-derived by-products added to various food matrices as reported below: - Grape pomace from vinification processes and Breadsticks; - Grape pomace from the distillery process and Muffins; - Amarone wine lees as a fat substitute in Muffins; - Red chicory by-product in durum wheat semolina Pasta; - Red chicory by-product in Bread; - Apple cider by-product (apple pomace) in Cracker

Sustainability is a broad ‘umbrella’ term that can be articulated in many different, and sometimes even contradictory, ways. Typically, processes of articulation involve two funnels: the specification of broader terms into more specific ones (top-down), and the legitimation of activities by relating them to encompassing goals (bottom-up). The nanotechnology field provides interesting cases for studying processes of articulation. Because this field is young, the processes of articulation are explicit, which makes them traceable. This chapter will investigate and compare two cases where the funnels of articulation differ: some specifications of sustainability have become taken for granted: when mentioning a solar panel, it is safely assumed that people know that this is sustainable. Other specifications of sustainability are not obvious and require explanatory work to connect them to the umbrella term in order to gain legitimacy. The funnels of specification and legitimacy can thus differ in the degrees in which they are more or less fixed. This chapter compares these dynamics and translations in both funnels of sustainability. It thus will show that what counts as sustainable depends on the degrees of freedom to specify and legitimise research efforts.

The protective effects of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole on gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol-HCl or hemorrhagic shock were investigated in the present study. The morphometric analysis of gastric histological sections revealed that lansoprazole dose-dependently reduced mucosal injury evoked by ethanol-HCl (ED50 = 24.3 micromol/kg) or hemorrhagic shock (ED50 = 38.9 micromol/kg), these effects being associated with marked increments of Alcian blue recovery from gastric bound mucus (ED50 = 31.4 micromol/kg and 27.6 micromol/kg, respectively). In addition, lansoprazole inhibited gastric acid secretion from pylorus-ligated rats (ED50 = 9.8 micromol/kg). Further experiments, performed on rats with ethanol-HCl-induced gastric injury, indicated that the protective effects of lansoprazole were not modified by L-365,260, suramin, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine, or systemic ablation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, whereas they were partly blocked by indomethacin and fully prevented by N-ethyl-maleimide. In addition, lansoprazole did not modify somatostatin concentrations in gastric mucosa. The present results provide evidence that lansoprazole prevents the necrotic damage of gastric mucosa induced by ethanol-HCl or hemorrhagic shock. According to the rank order of ED50 values, these effects appear to depend mainly on the enhancement of the gastric mucus barrier rather than on the reduction of acid secretion. It is also proposed that an increased production of prostaglandins, as well as an increased availability of sulfhydryl compounds at level of gastric mucosa may account for the gastroprotective effects of lansoprazole.