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En los países del sur de Asia, incluidos Bangladesh, India y Pakistán, el escenario energético actual se considera no sostenible debido a diversas cuestiones, como las opciones económicas, ambientales, geopolíticas y tecnológicas para la explotación de la energía y el volumen insignificante del comercio regional de energía. Sin embargo, dentro de la región, India está liderando una fase de transición energética y transformación económica a través del desarrollo de energías renovables. Los países deben mostrar buenos resultados en el desarrollo de sus fuentes renovables siguiendo el rápido ritmo de las energías renovables en todo el mundo. Este artículo ofrece una visión general del escenario energético, el crecimiento de las energías renovables, la evolución y el enfoque de la política energética al resaltar los desafíos y barreras clave para la combinación energética ecológica de los países. Es importante destacar que el documento evalúa la combinación energética actual en el sur de Asia, destacando la anomalía de sus perspectivas futuras basadas en combustibles fósiles, sus ambiciones de avanzar hacia una menor contaminación ambiental y una combinación energética sostenible a través de un análisis FODA de herramientas estratégicas; fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas (FODA). En particular, este estudio examina las políticas gubernamentales para expandir la implementación de fuentes renovables con una visión de la estructura regulatoria existente del sector energético. Los hallazgos de la investigación presentada sugieren que para lograr el ambicioso objetivo de reducir la descarga de emisiones hasta en un 30% para el año 2030 en el marco de las Contribuciones Previstas Determinadas a Nivel Nacional (INDC), los gobiernos de los tres países deben tomar medidas preventivas. Incluye la reducción gradual de los subsidios a los combustibles fósiles, la integración del mercado dentro de la región y la rápida realización de las iniciativas existentes a través de una fuerte voluntad política, una buena gobernanza, la adopción de las últimas tecnologías y un plan de acción pragmático, y la cooperación energética en toda la región. Dans les pays d'Asie du Sud, y compris le Bangladesh, l'Inde et le Pakistan, le scénario énergétique actuel est considéré comme non durable en raison de divers problèmes tels que les options économiques, environnementales, géopolitiques et technologiques pour l'exploitation de l'énergie et le volume négligeable du commerce régional de l'énergie. Bien que, dans la région, l'Inde mène une phase de transition énergétique et de transformation économique grâce au développement des énergies renouvelables. Les pays doivent bien montrer dans le développement de leurs sources renouvelables à la suite du rythme rapide des énergies renouvelables dans le monde entier. Cet article offre un aperçu du scénario énergétique, de la croissance des énergies renouvelables, de l'évolution et de l'approche de la politique énergétique en soulignant les principaux défis et obstacles pour le mix énergétique écologique des pays. Il est important de noter que le document évalue le bouquet énergétique actuel en Asie du Sud, en soulignant l'anomalie de ses perspectives d'avenir basées sur les combustibles fossiles, ses ambitions de réduire la pollution environnementale et son bouquet énergétique durable grâce à une analyse SWOT d'outil stratégique ; forces, faiblesses, opportunités et menaces (SWOT). En particulier, cette étude examine les politiques gouvernementales visant à étendre la mise en œuvre des sources renouvelables avec un aperçu de la structure réglementaire existante du secteur de l'énergie. Les résultats de recherche présentés suggèrent que pour atteindre l'objectif ambitieux de réduire les rejets d'émissions jusqu'à 30 % d'ici 2030 dans le cadre des contributions prévues déterminées au niveau national (CPDN), les gouvernements des trois pays doivent prendre des mesures préventives. Il comprend la réduction progressive des subventions sur les combustibles fossiles, l'intégration du marché dans la région et la réalisation rapide des initiatives existantes grâce à une forte volonté politique, à une bonne gouvernance, à l'adoption des dernières technologies, à un plan d'action pragmatique et à une coopération énergétique dans toute la région. In the South Asian countries, including Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, the current energy scenario is considered non-sustainable due to diverse issues such as economic, environmental, geopolitical, technological options for energy exploitation, and negligible volume of regional energy trade. Though, within the region, India is leading a phase of energy transition and economic transformation through renewable energy development. The countries need to exhibit well in the development of their renewable sources following the rapid pace of renewable energies worldwide. This article offers an overview of the energy scenario, growth of renewable energies, evolution, and approach for energy policy by highlighting key challenges and barriers for the ecological energy mix of the countries. Importantly, the paper assesses the current energy mix in South Asia, highlighting the anomaly of its fossil fuel-based future outlook, its ambitions to move towards less environmental pollution, and sustainable energy mix through a strategic tool SWOT analysis; strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). In particular, this study examines the government policies to expand the implementation of renewable sources with an insight into the existing regulatory structure of the energy sector. The presented research findings suggest that to achieve the ambitious target to reduce emission discharge by up to 30% by the year 2030 under Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), the Governments of the three countries must take preemptive measures. It includes the stage-wise reduction of subsidies on fossil fuels, market integration within the region, and swift realization of the existing initiatives through strong political will, good governance, adoption of the latest technologies, and a pragmatic action plan, and energy cooperation across the region. في بلدان جنوب آسيا، بما في ذلك بنغلاديش والهند وباكستان، يعتبر سيناريو الطاقة الحالي غير مستدام بسبب قضايا متنوعة مثل الخيارات الاقتصادية والبيئية والجيوسياسية والتكنولوجية لاستغلال الطاقة، وحجم ضئيل من تجارة الطاقة الإقليمية. على الرغم من أن الهند، داخل المنطقة، تقود مرحلة انتقال الطاقة والتحول الاقتصادي من خلال تطوير الطاقة المتجددة. تحتاج البلدان إلى أن تظهر أداءً جيدًا في تطوير مصادرها المتجددة بعد الوتيرة السريعة للطاقات المتجددة في جميع أنحاء العالم. تقدم هذه المقالة لمحة عامة عن سيناريو الطاقة، ونمو الطاقات المتجددة، والتطور، ونهج سياسة الطاقة من خلال تسليط الضوء على التحديات والحواجز الرئيسية لمزيج الطاقة البيئية للبلدان. والأهم من ذلك، تقوم الورقة بتقييم مزيج الطاقة الحالي في جنوب آسيا، مع تسليط الضوء على الشذوذ في توقعاتها المستقبلية القائمة على الوقود الأحفوري، وطموحاتها للتحرك نحو تلوث بيئي أقل، ومزيج الطاقة المستدامة من خلال تحليل SWOT الاستراتيجي للأداة ؛ نقاط القوة والضعف والفرص والتهديدات (SWOT). على وجه الخصوص، تبحث هذه الدراسة في السياسات الحكومية لتوسيع تنفيذ مصادر الطاقة المتجددة مع نظرة ثاقبة على الهيكل التنظيمي الحالي لقطاع الطاقة. تشير نتائج البحث المقدمة إلى أنه لتحقيق الهدف الطموح المتمثل في الحد من تصريف الانبعاثات بنسبة تصل إلى 30 ٪ بحلول عام 2030 بموجب المساهمات المقررة المحددة وطنيًا (INDCs)، يجب على حكومات البلدان الثلاثة اتخاذ تدابير وقائية. ويشمل ذلك التخفيض التدريجي للإعانات على الوقود الأحفوري، وتكامل الأسواق داخل المنطقة، والإدراك السريع للمبادرات القائمة من خلال الإرادة السياسية القوية، والحكم الرشيد، واعتماد أحدث التقنيات، وخطة عمل عملية، والتعاون في مجال الطاقة في جميع أنحاء المنطقة.

SUMMARY This paper analyses the transportation and delivery features of hydrogen as energy market evolves and approaches a fully functional Hydrogen economy. Initially physical aspects have been assessed that affect the flow of hydrogen through the existing pipeline infrastructure. Line pack and compressors are the only identified problems that need to be addressed. This is followed by an investigation into the mixing of hydrogen with natural gas gradually. It was revealed that a mix of up to 17% by volume does not have any significant effect, however higher concentration of hydrogen leads to a changeover of high-pressure grid pipelines as well as the end-user applications. It is suggested that initially hydrogen can be introduced in the distribution system, while emphasizing towards developing means for high-pressure transportation of hydrogen fuel gas. Government policies towards encouraging use of hydrogen in an evolving market is important for widespread and early assimilation in energy mix. Renewable sources of energy are recommended for distributed generation of hydrogen along the pipeline network. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Background:The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is involved in regulating ethanol drinking, and the posterior VTA seems to be a neuroanatomical substrate that mediates the reinforcing effects of ethanol in ethanol‐naïve Wistar and ethanol‐naïve alcohol‐preferring (P) rats. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that chronic ethanol drinking increases the sensitivity of the posterior VTA to the reinforcing effects of ethanol.Methods:Two groups of female P rats (one given water as its sole source of fluid and the other given 24‐hr free‐choice access to 15% ethanol and water for at least 8 weeks) were stereotaxically implanted with guide cannulae aimed at the posterior VTA. One week after surgery, rats were placed in standard two‐lever (active and inactive) operant chambers and connected to the microinfusion system. Depression of the active lever produced the infusion of 100 nl of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or ethanol. The ethanol‐naïve and chronic ethanol‐drinking groups were assigned to subgroups to receive artificial CSF or 25, 50, 75, or 125 mg/dl of ethanol (n= 6–9/dose/group) to self‐infuse (FR1 schedule) during the 4‐hr sessions given every other day.Results:Compared with the infusions of artificial CSF, the control group reliably (p < 0.05) self‐infused 75 and 125 mg/dl of ethanol but not the lower concentrations. The ethanol‐drinking group had significantly (p < 0.05) higher self‐infusions of 50, 75, and 125 mg/dl of ethanol than artificial CSF during the four acquisition sessions; the number of infusions of all three doses was higher in the ethanol‐drinking group than in the ethanol‐naive group. Both groups decreased responding on the active lever when artificial CSF was substituted for ethanol, and both groups demonstrated robust reinstatement of responding on the active lever when ethanol was restored.Conclusions:Chronic ethanol drinking by P rats increased the sensitivity of the posterior VTA to the reinforcing effects of ethanol.

Abstract Theft of electricity is a problem in many developing countries. But AMI is paving the way for data-centric architecture to help in theft detection. However, a smart grid or even AMR is a long shot for many developing countries due to the costs involved in its large-scale deployment. This paper presents a technique to detect outliers among electricity users that further investigates electricity theft using data analytics on monthly usage data available to every utility company. Using this technique, we have reduced the search space for theft identification to as low as 3.4% of the total customer base.

The global community has set intensive targets in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to better people’s lives after closing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It corresponds to the 2030 aspirations of the United Nations to enhance and promote the sustainable development of human society. The current paper explores the impact of fiscal hedging and R&amp;D in energy Using a green-energy system in SDGs. To do this, we used TOPSIS and QARDL methodologies on a 21-year dataset of South and Southeast Asian economies from 2000 to 2020. The study results show that fiscal hedging contributes favourably to the environmental degradation of the underlying economy. Research and development (R&amp;D) in renewables has contributed negatively to ecological degradation and SDGs in the economies of South &amp; Southeast Asia. This study suggests policy guidelines for advanced and developing economies based on fiscal stability and technical innovation through R&amp;D to meet SDG.

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Sustainable food supply has gained considerable consumer concern due to the high percentage of spoilage microorganisms. Food industries need to expand advanced technologies that can maintain the nutritive content of foods, enhance the bio-availability of bioactive compounds, provide environmental and economic sustainability, and fulfill consumers’ requirements of sensory characteristics. Heat treatment negatively affects food samples’ nutritional and sensory properties as bioactives are sensitive to high-temperature processing. The need arises for non-thermal processes to reduce food losses, and sustainable developments in preservation, nutritional security, and food safety are crucial parameters for the upcoming era. Non-thermal processes have been successfully approved because they increase food quality, reduce water utilization, decrease emissions, improve energy efficiency, assure clean labeling, and utilize by-products from waste food. These processes include pulsed electric field (PEF), sonication, high-pressure processing (HPP), cold plasma, and pulsed light. This review describes the use of HPP in various processes for sustainable food processing. The influence of this technique on microbial, physicochemical, and nutritional properties of foods for sustainable food supply is discussed. This approach also emphasizes the limitations of this emerging technique. HPP has been successfully analyzed to meet the global requirements. A limited global food source must have a balanced approach to the raw content, water, energy, and nutrient content. HPP showed positive results in reducing microbial spoilage and, at the same time, retains the nutritional value. HPP technology meets the essential requirements for sustainable and clean labeled food production. It requires limited resources to produce nutritionally suitable foods for consumers’ health.

Abstract In this paper, a hybrid features based support vector machine (SVM) model is proposed using infrared thermography technique for hotspots detection and classification of photovoltaic (PV) panels. A novel hybrid feature vector consisting of RGB, texture, the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG), and local binary pattern (LBP) as features is formed using a data fusion approach. A machine learning algorithm SVM is employed to classify the obtained thermal images of PV panels into three different classes (i.e., healthy, non-faulty hotspot, and faulty). The comparison of different machine learning algorithms and datasets is also carried out to validate the superiority of the proposed model and hybrid feature dataset. The experimental results reveal that the proposed hybrid features with SVM resulted in 96.8% training accuracy and 92% testing accuracy with lesser computational complexity and storage space than other machine learning algorithms. The proposed approach is easily implementable for efficient monitoring and fault diagnosis of PV panels.