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{"references": ["S. Throp, \"Climate change challenges and opportunities. Special issue. CTA Spore, 2015.", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) Climate change: The Physical Science Basis (summary for policy), IPCC, and Geneva. 2007.", "A.M. Atolagbe, \"Architecture in Nigeria and the Practice for Sustainable Development: A Comparative education\" Nairobi, Kenya: ICRAF. 2002.", "D.M. Ranasingbe, Forestry Education and Global Change. A case study on the contribution of Forest study of Modern and Indigenous housing strategy. AARCHES Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 61 - 65. 2008.", "C. U. Nwajiuba, and R.U Onyeneke, Effects of climate change on the agriculture of sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Southeast Rainforest zone of Nigeria. Paper presented at the 10th Global Conference on Business and Economics, St Hugh's College University Press. 2010.", "M. Yesuf, S. Difalce; T. Deressa; C. Ringler and G.Kohlin, The impact of climate and Adaptation on food Production in low income countries; Evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia. International Food Policy Research Institute Discussion (IFPRI) Paper No. 00828. Environment and Production Technology Division, IFPRI, Washington D.C. 2008.", "L. Grace, Sustainable Agriculture: the basic. www.gracelinks.org 2016 Accessed on 20/09/2016.", "I.U Nwaiwu, et al., The effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Sustainability in Southeast Nigeria \u2013 Implications \tfor Food \tSecurity. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economic and Sociology, vol. 3. No 1, 23-26 2013.", "Nigerian Environmental Study and Action team (NEST). Triggering Rural-Urban Interactions to Cope with Climate\t Change: An adaptation Experiment in Aba and its Region, southeastern Nigeria, NEST, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2012.\n[10]\tR. Mendelsohn, Measuring the effect of climate change on Developing country Agriculture: Two Essays on climate change on Agriculture FAO Corporate DocumentRepository, www.fao.org/docrep 2000. Accessed on 16/08/2016.\n[11]\tW. Akpalu, R.M. Hassan and C.Ringler. Climate Variability and Maize Yeild in South Africa:Results from GME (generalized maximum entropy) and MELE (maximum entropy leuven estimator) methods. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper No. 00843, Environment and Production Technology Division, IFPRI, Washinton D.C.\n[12]\tR.U.Onyeneke, Climate change and Crop farmers Adaptation measures in the Southeast Rainforest zone of Nigeria (unpublished) MSC Thesis. 2010.\n[13]\tS. Anderson, Climate change impacts on the progress towards and the sustainability of MDG achievement across Africa\". Report to the Africa Partnerships Forum, 2010.\n[14]\tJ.O. Munonye and C.S. Nwosu, Agricultural sustainability and\tEnvironmental Quality. Conference on International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 08(04): 57 -65. 2015.\n[15]\tB, Ronald, Farm Productive Practices http://www.farm.org/features/002/roland-bunch Accessed on 17/06/2016."]} Climate change has both negative and positive effects in agricultural production. For agriculture to be sustainable in adverse climate change condition, some natural measures are needed. The issue is to produce more food with available natural resources and reduce the contribution of agriculture to climate change. The study reviewed climate change and sustainable agriculture in southeast Nigeria. Data from the study were from secondary sources. Ten scientific papers were consulted and data for the review were collected from three. The objectives of the paper were as follows: to review the effect of climate change on one major arable crop in southeast Nigeria (yam; Dioscorea rotundata); evident of climate change impact and methods for sustainable agricultural production in adverse weather condition. Some climatic parameter as sunshine, relative humidity and rainfall have negative relationship with yam production and significant at 10% probability. Crop production was predicted to decline by 25% per hectare by 2060 while livestock production has increased the incidence of diseases and pathogens as the major effect to agriculture. Methods for sustainable agriculture and damage of natural resources by climate change were highlighted. Agriculture needs to be transformed as climate changes to enable the sector to be sustainable. There should be a policy in place to facilitate the integration of sustainability in Nigeria agriculture.

The study was designed to assess the impact of participation of Port Harcourt indigenous women in poverty eradication programmes in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study used questionnaires to elicit responses from 385 indigenous women randomly selected in a multi-stage technique. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used to analyze the data collected. Results showed that majority (58.3%) of the women were members of a cooperative society, 63.5 percent were members of community-based organizations (CBO) while 60.9 percent were members of “Esusu” (rotator credit schemes). About 66.3 percent of the women had engaged in jobs aimed at poverty alleviation. Only 6.0 percent identified that they were not members of any poverty alleviation programmes (PAP) by government. It was found that after joining the PAP, 75.5 percent of them experienced an increase in income of 36.6 percent. Significant differences existed in the income of the women after joining poverty alleviation programmes. It was therefore recommended that more programmes designed to alleviate poverty in Rivers State should target indigenous women; government should also establish entrepreneurship capacity-building programmes to enable women to bring out their optimal input while participating in the poverty eradication programmes. Consilience, No 14 (2015): Issue Fourteen: 2015

Hyper competition and forthcoming challenges are need of emerging economies. The notion of empowering the human resource capital appears to be the basic requirement of globalizing economies, therefore adequate planning of careers tends to pave a secure path. Moreover, employee career development is equally significant for both the employer and employee. In order to be successful an organization must ensure timely development of its personnel in accordance with timely governed changes. Contemporarily succession planning has resulted as a significant postulate of career developmental practices. This paper enquires the influence of individual career planning on employee career development particularly. The banking sector of Karachi was considered as the target market. SPSS correlational and linear regression analysis was considered to study the statistical characteristics. A sample of 190 participants was brought under consideration which elaborated an insignificant relationship amongst both the variables. Moreover, discussion and testimonials were made in order to advocate the evidence.

The focus of this paper is to analyze the factors on which a developing country such as Pakistan may adopt the e-Government culture and provide the basis in its adoption with supply and demand perspectives. For this purpose UTAUT model is used as the demand perspectives to incorporate the demand side factors. The obstacles and challenges are also analyzed when adoption of e-Government culture occur. The analyze methods are based on survey with the help of questionnaire in order to collect the qualitative data with a particular sample size. This study focus on citizens with different backgrounds are interviewed. The statistical analysis such as factor analysis, reliability and validity, correlation test, ANOVA and regression analysis which will be supportive in testing the hypotheses related to the supply side and demand side factors in this research.

This study discusses public infrastructure in urban mass housing in Nigeria, and how it can impact sustainable development. The study was conducted in Owerri, Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. Four purposively selected mass housing neighbourhood for middle income residents within Owerri metropolis were appraised for neighbourhood infrastructure namely; network and quality of access roads and drainages, availability of public services, availability of communal activity areas, and safety and security measures in place in the neighbourhoods. Case study method was used for the study. Data collection was through pictorial documentation and on-site physical appraisal. The findings of the study show that estate infrastructure where available, were inadequate, thereby detracting from the achievement of environmentally and socially sustainable neighbourhoods for the residents. The study further revealed a clear absence of an integrated housing infrastructure policy which addresses quality of housing infrastructure and its implications for social sustainability. It is therefore recommended that housing estate development in Nigeria must integrate from the beginning, basic facilities and services that will complement the individual housing units, create a sense of community, and ensure proper management and maintenance of the estate. These are considered critical to the attainment of Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG goal 11).

Assessing the halal beef chain's sustainability is crucial for the achievement of sustainable development goals in Indonesia. This study evaluates the economic, environmental, and social impact of the Indonesian halal beef supply chain. The economic indicator shows that cattle farmers incurred the highest costs, but earn a lower profit than the beef retailers. Cattle farmers produce higher carbon emissions and use more freshwater than other actors. However, cattle farmers contributed most significantly to hiring employees along the Indonesian halal beef supply chain. These indicate a gap between actors that impact the fragile sustainability of the supply chain. International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 11, No 5 (2020)

{"references": ["International energy data and analysis. US Energy Information Administration, International Energy Agency, (Available online, http://www.eia.gov/beta/international/?fips=ni, accessed 09/09/2015).", "Sambo, A. S: Strategic Developments in Renewable Energy in Nigeria, International Association for Energy Economics, pp15-19", "Report of the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Combating Deforestation and Desertification, August 2000.", "2014 Year in Review- Presidential Task Force on Power, Pg. 53.", "Nigeria Gets World Bank Guarantee for 450 Megawatt Power Plant by Paul Wallace, Bloomberg Business, (Available online, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-24/nigeria-gets-world-bank-guarantee-for-450-megawatt-power-plant?cmpid=yhoo, accessed 05/09/2015).", "World Development Indicators: Electric power consumption (kWh per capita). IEA Statistics \u00a9 OECD/IEA Available online, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC/countries?display=default, assessed on 17/09/2015,", "Nigeria Electricity Net Consumption (Billion KWh), International Energy Statistics, February 2015 Available online, http://nigeria.opendataforafrica.org/EIAIES2014Aug/international-energy-statistics-february-2015, accessed 09/09/2015", "A study of wind energy potential: remedy for fluctuation of electric power in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria DW Medugu, DI Malgwi Nigerian Journal of Physics Vol. 17, 2005: 40-45", "O. O. Ajayi, R. O. Fagbenle, J. Katende, J. O. Okeniyi Availability of wind energy resource potential for power generation at Jos, Nigeria Frontiers in Energy December 2011, Volume 5, Issue 4, pp 376-385\n[10]\tJ. Aidan, J.C. Ododo, Wind Speed Distributions and Power Densities of Some Cities in Northern Nigeria, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 5 (6): 420-426, 2010 ISSN 1816-194X\n[11]\tAjayi, O.O.1; Fagbenle, R.O; Katende, J: Wind Profile Characteristics and Econometrics Analysis of Wind Power Generation of a Site in Sokoto State, Nigeria, Energy Science and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2011 PP. 54-66.\n[12]\tC. Onyemechi; C. C. Igboanusi; A. E. Ezenwa: A Logistics Analysis of Nigeria's Offshore Windfarm Sector, International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, IJRSS & K.A.J. Vol. 4, No.4, Aug. 2014\n[13]\tS. O. Oyedepo, M. S. Adaramola, S. S. Paul: Analysis of wind speed data and wind energy potential in three selected locations in south-east Nigeria, International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering 2012, 3:7, Available online, http://www.journal-ijeee.com/content/3/1/7, accessed 19/09/2015\n[14]\tI. Dikko; D.B. Yahaya: Evaluation of wind power density in Gombe, Yola and Maiduguri, North eastern Nigeria, Journal of Research in Peace, Gender and Development (ISSN: 2251-0036) Vol. 2(5) pp. 115-122, May, 2012 \n[15]\tEnergy Commission of Nigeria and United Nations Development Programme (ECN-UNDP). Renewable Energy Master Plan: Final Draft Report. 2007\u201306\u201317, Available online, http://www.iceednigeria.org /REMP%20Final%20Report.pdf, accessed 17/06/2013\n[16]\tFederal Ministry of Power and Steel. Federal Republic of Nigeria. Renewable Electricity Action Programme (REAP). 2010\u201310\u201301, (Available online, http://www.iceednigeria.org/REAP-postconference.pdf, accessed 07/06/2013).\n[17]\tAjayi O O. Assessment of utilization of wind energy resources in Nigeria. Energy Policy, 2009, 37(2): 720\u2013723\n[18]\tNigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission, Multi-Year Tariff Order for the determination of the cost of Electricity Generation for the period 1st June 2012 to 31st May 2017. Pp.1-37, (2012)\n[19]\tMeier P, Tuntivate V, Barnes DF, Bogach SV, Farchy D. Peru: national survey of rural household energy use. Energy and poverty: special report. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (The World Bank Group); August 2010. \n[20]\tEnergy for all e financing access for the poor. Special early excerpt of the world energy outlook 2011. The International Energy Agency (IEA); 2011.p. 12.\n[21]\tGeneral Wattage Chart Available online, http://powersurvival.com/info.htm, accessed 24/06/2013\n[22]\tHow much electricity do household items use? (Available online, http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/howmuch.html, accessed 24/06/2013).\n[23]\tRETScreen 4 Software: The RETScreen Clean Energy Project Analysis Software - Natural Resources Canada (Downloadable free online at http://www.retscreen.net/ang/home.php, downloaded March 2013).\n[24]\tCarta, J.A., Ram\u0131\u00b4rez, P, & Vela\u00b4zquez, S. (2009). A review of wind speed probability distributions used in wind energy analysis: Case studies in the Canary Islands. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 933\u2013955. \n[25]\tKamau, J.N. Kinyua, R., & Gathua, J.K. (2009). 6 years of wind data for Marsabit, Kenya average over 14 m/s at 100 m hub height: An analysis of the wind energy potential. Renewable Energy, 35 (6), 1298 \u2013 1302. \n[26]\tKeyhani A, Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti M, Khanali M, & Abbaszadeh, R. (2010). An assessment of wind energy potential as a power generation source in the capital of Iran, Tehran. Energy, 35, 188-201.\n[27]\tLambert M., Gilman P., Lilienthal P., Micropower System Modeling with HOMER, chap. 15, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, (2006). \n[28]\tAkpinar, E.K., & Akpinar, S. (2005b). An assessment on seasonal analysis of wind energy characteristics and wind turbine characteristics. Energy Conversion and Management, 46, 1848\u20131867. \n[29]\tRehman, S., & Ahmed, A. (2005). Assessment of wind energy potential for coastal locations of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Energy, 29, 1105-1115. \n[30]\tHOMER\u00ae Software Available online at http://homerenergy.com/, downloaded March 2013\n[31]\tEnercon - E101, Optimum yield at low wind sites Available online, http://www.enercon.de/en-en/65.htm, accessed 22/06/2015.\n[32]\tAjayi, O.O, Ohijeagbon O.D, Ajanaku, K.O, Aasa, S.A, Omotosho, O.A. Techno-Economic Assessment of Renewable Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification and Distributed Generation in Selected Sites across Nigeria. Journal of African Research in Business & Technology http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/JARBT/jarbt.html, Vol. 2015 (2015), Article ID 124767\n[33]\tIRENA working paper. Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series, International Renewable Energy Agency, Volume 1: Power Sector Issue 5/5 Wind Power, June 2012. Copyright (c) IRENA 2012\n[34]\tInternational Energy Agency; Renewable Energy Essentials: Wind, organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development/International Energy Agency (OECD/IEA) 2008, Available online, https://www.iea. org/publications/freepublications/publication/Wind_Brochure.pdf, accessed on 9/26/2015.\n[35]\tTegen, S., Lantz, E., Hand, M., Maples, B., Smith, A. and Schwabe, P.: 2011 Cost of Wind Energy Review, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Technical Report; NREL/TP-5000-56266, March 2013, Available online, http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/56266.p\u00df, accessed on 9/26/2015.\n[36]\tNREL: Energy Analysis Energy Technology Cost and Performance Data, Distributed Generation Renewable Energy Estimate of Costs (updated August 2013), Available online, http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/ tech_lcoe_re_cost_est.html 1/, accessed on 9/26/2015.\n[37]\tFederal Ministry of Women Affairs 2004. Nigeria's Report on the Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action and Commonwealth Plan of Action.\n[38]\tOhijeagbon, O. D.; Ajayi, O. O.: Solar regime and LVOE of PV embedded generation systems in Nigeria, Renewable Energy 78 (2015) 226-235."]} The study assessed the potential and economic viability of stand-alone wind systems for embedded generation, taking into account its benefits to small off-grid rural communities at 40 meteorological sites in Nigeria. A specific electric load profile was developed to accommodate communities consisting of 200 homes, a school and a community health centre. This load profile was incorporated within the distributed generation analysis producing energy in the MW range, while optimally meeting daily load demand for the rural communities. Twenty-four years (1987 to 2010) of wind speed data at a height of 10m utilized for the study were sourced from the Nigeria Meteorological Department, Oshodi. The HOMER® software optimizing tool was engaged for the feasibility study and design. Each site was suited to 3MW wind turbines in sets of five, thus 15MW was designed for each site. This design configuration was adopted in order to easily compare the distributed generation system amongst the sites to determine their relative economic viability in terms of life cycle cost, as well as levelised cost of producing energy. A net present value was estimated in terms of life cycle cost for 25 of the 40 meteorological sites. On the other hand, the remaining sites yielded a net present cost; meaning the installations at these locations were not economically viable when utilizing the present tariff regime for embedded generation in Nigeria.

This study delves into the intricate relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and crucial variables in Europe and Central Asia from 1990-2021. By examining the impact of renewable energy, industry value added, foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and population density on CO2 emissions using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, the study uncovers intriguing findings. The study reveals a significant negative correlation between linear per capita income and CO2 emissions in both the short and long run. Moreover, it confirms the inverted N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between the variables. The study further highlights the unfavorable impact of renewable energy and industry value added on CO2 emissions, pointing to the fact that their growth increases CO2 emissions. On the other hand, population density is found to be a vital factor in reducing CO2 emissions. FDI is identified to have a negative and insignificant impact on CO2 emissions, suggesting that it may not be an effective tool for reducing carbon emissions in the region. The insights from this study have significant implications for policymakers in the region to design and implement effective strategies to reduce CO2 emissions.

Climate Change and Cassava Processing in Southeast Nigeria. Climate change is perhaps the most serious environmental threat to whom African agriculture is confronted today, essentially because of its impact on pre- and post-harvest agricultural productivity. Available literature shows that most of the recent studies on climate change and agriculture were mainly focused on pre-harvest, with little or no emphasis on post-harvest issues. This study aims to provide empirical information on the effect of climate change on cassava processing and on the cost-effectiveness of indigenous adaptation practices relative thereto. The study was conducted in two randomly selected states of southeast Nigeria and in four randomly selected agricultural zones, two from each state. The data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire administered to 320 randomly selected cassava processors. The result of the analysis shows that the respondents were predominantly women who, in addition to cassava processing, also grow cassava. Virtually all of them were, not only aware of climate change, but also aware that it will have effects on cassava post-harvest operations. The respondents suggest that as a result of climate change, the length of time cassava tubers can stay in the soil without spoiling has been decreasing while the water content of cassava tubers has been increasing. In addition, the storage quality of all the products has been deteriorating, just as the growth of spoilage moulds in the products during storage has been increasing. Moreover, the fermentation period for akpu and alibo has been increasing while there has been a general decline in the quantity of product yield after processing for all the products. Some of the adaptation measures used by the processors include increased use of water, palm oil, hired labour and wood fuel, increased harvesting of cassava earlier than usual, processing of more adaptive varieties of cassava, shifts in the timing of processing as the weather also shifts and increased fermentation in the open spaces. There were also some relatively new adaptation practices such as the use of detergents, nails, beans and bitter leaf to aid fermentation, especially for the production of akpu and alibo. In terms of profitability, the four adaptation practices with high profitability indices were, in order of decreasing importance, increased use of sundrying, water, hired labor and palm oil. The study therefore recommends that breeding of improved varieties of cassava should begin to target those that are tolerant to excessive and extreme fluctuations of rainfall, heat and flood. In addition, the adaptation practices with high profitability indices should be vigorously disseminated. Also, further studies, especially on the chemistry of the observed relatively new adaptation practices should be explored.

This research unraveled the challenges of climate change that had resulted to series of environmentally induced migration in the 21st century Africa. The study identified flood, rising temperature, rising sea level, coastal erosion, food insecurity, and cyclones as some of the environmental crisis challenging the existence of African continent. Methodologically, the case study research design was adopted for the collection and analysis of climate change effect and environmental migration in Africa. Linkable to the stakeholders theory, the study find out that Africa contributed very little in the dwindling carrying capacity of the earth and recommend the establishment of an effective co-ordinated structure to pull international resources together, a UN climate change trust fund for Africa and a perennial African Union summit for a climate change information in Africa and to the whole world.