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Hyper competition and forthcoming challenges are need of emerging economies. The notion of empowering the human resource capital appears to be the basic requirement of globalizing economies, therefore adequate planning of careers tends to pave a secure path. Moreover, employee career development is equally significant for both the employer and employee. In order to be successful an organization must ensure timely development of its personnel in accordance with timely governed changes. Contemporarily succession planning has resulted as a significant postulate of career developmental practices. This paper enquires the influence of individual career planning on employee career development particularly. The banking sector of Karachi was considered as the target market. SPSS correlational and linear regression analysis was considered to study the statistical characteristics. A sample of 190 participants was brought under consideration which elaborated an insignificant relationship amongst both the variables. Moreover, discussion and testimonials were made in order to advocate the evidence.

The focus of this paper is to analyze the factors on which a developing country such as Pakistan may adopt the e-Government culture and provide the basis in its adoption with supply and demand perspectives. For this purpose UTAUT model is used as the demand perspectives to incorporate the demand side factors. The obstacles and challenges are also analyzed when adoption of e-Government culture occur. The analyze methods are based on survey with the help of questionnaire in order to collect the qualitative data with a particular sample size. This study focus on citizens with different backgrounds are interviewed. The statistical analysis such as factor analysis, reliability and validity, correlation test, ANOVA and regression analysis which will be supportive in testing the hypotheses related to the supply side and demand side factors in this research.

This study delves into the intricate relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and crucial variables in Europe and Central Asia from 1990-2021. By examining the impact of renewable energy, industry value added, foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and population density on CO2 emissions using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, the study uncovers intriguing findings. The study reveals a significant negative correlation between linear per capita income and CO2 emissions in both the short and long run. Moreover, it confirms the inverted N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between the variables. The study further highlights the unfavorable impact of renewable energy and industry value added on CO2 emissions, pointing to the fact that their growth increases CO2 emissions. On the other hand, population density is found to be a vital factor in reducing CO2 emissions. FDI is identified to have a negative and insignificant impact on CO2 emissions, suggesting that it may not be an effective tool for reducing carbon emissions in the region. The insights from this study have significant implications for policymakers in the region to design and implement effective strategies to reduce CO2 emissions.

This paper investigated the impact of velocity variation in wide streets. The building AR (Aspect Ratio) (Street-canyon-width-to-building-height i.e. W/H) has been calculated by varying the width of street canyon. The k-? turbulence model was applied to ideal street canyons of aspect ratio 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 while the wind speed was varied from 0.5 to 4.0 m/s. The street canyon aspect ratio 1.0 was obtained by increasing the width of the street two times (i.e. W=1) as much as for AR0.5 (i.e. W=0.5). However, different results obtained from AR1 were compared with AR0.5 to analyze the impact of wide streets. Results show that the temperatures reduce with an increase in ambient wind speed. However, the impact of ambient wind speed was comparatively higher in narrow street canyons since temperature reduced by over 1.4 K with an increase of 3.5 m/s in ambient wind speed. On the other hand, in the case of AR1.0 the area weighted average temperature reduced by 1.3 K with an increase of 3.5 m/s in ambient wind speed. It is found that removing heat from narrower street canyons is comparatively difficult. Results show that the temperatures within the target street canyon of AR0.5 with ambient wind speed of 0.5 m/s were around 0.71 K higher than that in AR1.

Research is necessary because environmental law is so intricate on several levels of complexity including legal, scientifical, socio-political, geographical and economical. Environmental jurists, judges, lawyers, legislatures, executives, environmentalists and experts need a rational, intellectual approach and research to understand and highlight these complexities with sustainable solutions. Environmentalists come forward to explain the complex ecological and socio-political nature of environmental problems and the interrelationships between such problems and different aspects of relevant legal systems, including different attempts to regulate these problems through law. The discourse requires redefining the multiple contexts in which environmental laws operates and the perspectives that can be validly brought to bear in the understanding of the subject, as well as the engagement of all participants in effective compliance with the environmental laws of Pakistan. The experts come to provide insight to provoke thinking about environmental laws by exposing the themes, issues, and novel legal problems of the subject, providing good quality research material that illustrates the complexity of environmental problems and the laws that applies to them, and also provide an analytical framework for the understanding of that complexity and compliance of environmental laws of Pakistan.

With the emergence of smart grid (SG), the residents have the opportunity to integrate renewable energy sources (RESs) and take part in demand side management (DSM). In this regard, we design energy management control unit (EMCU) based on genetic algorithm (GA), binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), and wind driven optimization (WDO) to schedule appliances in presence of objective function, constraints, control parameters, and comparatively evaluate the performance. For energy pricing, real time pricing (RTP) plus inclined block rate (IBR) is used. RESs integration to SG is a challenge due stochastic nature of RE. In this paper, two techniques are addressed to handle the stochastic nature of RE. First one is energy storage system (ESS) which smooths out variation in RE generation. Second one is the trading/cooperation of excess generation to neighboring consumers. The simulation results show that WDO perform more efficiently than unscheduled in terms of reduction in: electricity cost, the tradeoff between electricity cost and waiting time, and peak to average ratio (PAR). Moreover, incorporation of RESs into SG design increase the revenue and reduce carbon emission.

Ever increasing population and urbanization are the major threat to food security. Therefore, it is inevitable to use the scarce resources in an efficient manner. Further the application of different fertilizers prior considering the actual prevailing fertility status of soil and the nutrients requirements of upcoming crops may result permanent soil health issues. In order to meet the food needs of the nation we shall have to enhance the yield per unit area. Hence, a survey was conducted for the evaluation of the fertility status of Dera Ghazi Khan for the execution of recommendations regarding balanced use of fertilizers. Previous five years soil analysis data of 45 villages of Dera Ghazi Khan exhibited the average pH of 8.12, Electrical conductivity of 4.23 dSm-1, about 99.3% soils were low in organic matter (<0.86%), and 07% soil have medium range of Organic matter (0.867 to 1.29), 81.5, 15.5% and 3% soils were found in poor, medium and adequate quantity with respect to available phosphorus. About 36.9%, 28.1% and 35% soils were found in poor, medium and adequate range of available potassium. The results indicated that the majority of the soil of Dera Ghazi Khan District was found to be normal and is good for the growth of different crops.

This research study highlights two different existing and modified landslide risk algorithms for the development of landslide susceptibility models. The modified algorithm based landslide risk susceptibility model has highlighted such slope failures which possess the rate of very high velocity of the triggering at the local scale. The case study of this research is Balakot, one of the ruined city by the terrible earthquake induced landslide fissuring there in 2005. One of the previous landslide risk algorithm, developed by Varnes in 1984, was selected was modified by introducing additional parameters and criteria along with the modified landslide risk algorithm. The both algorithms entitled as mathematical models were incorporated in GIS (Geographical Information Systems) and were tested, compared and validated by the previous landslide occurred data, called as landslide inventory data. The statistical tests were applied to quantify various predicted regions in accordance of the verification of the predicted models. This comparison portrayed the significant difference in both models due to the notable difference due to significant control event parameters. It is assured that this research will help the decision makers by applying the modified algorithm based landslide susceptibility models in the field to avoid the landslide hazards for the future.