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W pracy przedstawiono możliwości rozwoju miast i wsi jakie niesie za sobą zastępowanie konwencjonalnych źródeł energii ogniwami paliwowymi. ; 12 pages ; 21 cm ; Bibliography p. --0 ; W pracy przedstawiono możliwości rozwoju miast i wsi jakie niesie za sobą zastępowanie konwencjonalnych źródeł energii ogniwami paliwowymi. ; 12 stron ; 21 cm ; Bibliografia s. --0

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu = Research Papers of Wrocław University of Economics, 2011, Nr 229, s. 245-253 ; Wrocław

Recent changes in the natural and social environments require new solutions regarding the management of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands, i.e. one of the key forest−forming and economically−important tree species in Europe. The long tradition combined with efforts to perfect the management by clear−cutting, there is still a search for alternative methods of managing in all European biogeographical regions, in which Scots pine plays a leading role. Regeneration and renewal over large areas is difficult to achieve (Mediterranean or boreal regions). And even in places where it remains possible, it can end up with large, even−aged stands of inevitably simplified structure, which prove highly, and perhaps increasingly, vulnerable to damage from both abiotic (frost or windthrow) and biotic (pathogenic fungi and insect pests) agents. These management methods also generate abrupt change in the forest landscape and, while this actually just represents advantage being taken of the natural capacity of pines to reoccupy extensive cleared areas (such as those following fires or gales), it frequently now proves unacceptable to the public. This is seen in particular in the areas around large cities or nature protection areas. The aim of this article is to review both traditional and alternative means of management of Scots pine stands within three largest biogeographical regions of Europe. While obviously relating to the environmental conditions holding sway in these different regions, silviculture in pine stands is based around a similar spectrum of applied methods that favour the emergence of single−, double− or multi−generation stands. In the boreal region, where the species finds suitable conditions for its growth, we search for effective methods to imitate small−scale natural disturbances, initiating the regeneration within gaps of differing sizes. In turn, in the continental region, research focuses on devising methods to make full use of natural regeneration, as well as seeking to limit the negative effects of clear− −cutting in the forest landscape, e.g. by leaving seed or residual trees, and clumps of the old−growth. Here too, the alternatives to clear−cutting may lie in partial or full felling being confined to smaller areas; as well as in the gradual inclusion within the main stand of trees regenerating successfully beneath the tree canopy. Finally, in the Mediterranean region, where the main factor limiting regeneration is drought, various shelterwood−felling variants are applied to fully benefit from the shielding that the mother stand offers. All the regions witness more and more frequent restrictions on the use of management means based on clear−cutting, with wider use of alternative silvicultural methods looking inevitable in the near future, in the context of both climate and social change. The need to compromise between the production−related and other functions of pine stands, and to devise generally−acceptable methods for their management, are now among the more−difficult challenges facing European forestry. Sylwan 165 (5): 355-370

127 pp., [14] k. tabl., [6] k. tabl. złoż. : wykr., mapy ; 30 cm ; Summary in English. ; Bibliogr. p. 114-123 ; 127 s., [14] k. tabl., [6] k. tabl. złoż. : wykr., mapy ; 30 cm ; Wydawca podaje błędny ISSN 0867-6836 związany z serią Zeszyty Instytutu Geografii i przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN ; Bibliogr. s. 114-123 ; Streszcz. ang.

Kozienice Forest (central Poland) belongs to very valuable areas from touristic and ecological point of view. Water resources are important factor of further development of this region. Analysis of 49−year (1963−2011) annual and seasonal rainfall and runoff characteristics from a small (82 km) catchment of Zagożdżonka River, with forestation ratio of 0.40, indicated a statistically significant decrease for six of the nine considered parameters. Mann−Kendall test was used for trend analysis. Decreased trend was indicated for annual runoff and annual runoff coefficient, median discharge, summer half−year runoff coefficient, median summer discharge and for low mean 30−day discharge. No trend was detected for annual precipitation and summer half year precipitation nor for summer half year runoff. Sylwan 157 (8): 578-586

Wrocław ; Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu = Research Papers of Wrocław University of Economics, 2013, Nr 321, s. 96-105

Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; Artykuł przedstawia problem zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa zaopatrzenia energetycznego Niemiec w procesie tworzenia unii energetycznej UE. Rozwój odnawialnych źródeł energii, zwiększenie potencjału oszczędzania energii i dokończenie budowy rynku wewnętrznego energii, jak również rozbudowa połączeń transgranicznych są z perspektywy Niemiec priorytetowe dla zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa zaopatrzenia energetycznego w ramach tworzonej unii energetycznej. W artykule uwzględniona została geneza i filary unii energetycznej, jak również stanowisko Niemiec wobec tego projektu. ; The article presents the problem of the German energy supply security in the process of the creation of the EU’s Energy Union. The development of renewable energy, increasing energy efficiency and the finishing of the creation of the internal energy market as well as the buildup of the transnational energy infrastructure are – from Germany’s point of view – the priorities of the energy supply security within the frameworks of the EU’s Energy Union. The article also describes also the origin and the pillars of the EU’s Energy Union as well as Germany’s position on the proposal of the Energy Union.

Wrocław ; Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu = Research Papers of Wrocław University of Economics, 2014, Nr 350, s. 179-189

Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; Potęga gospodarki Japonii wymaga zabezpieczania ciągłych i stabilnych dostaw surowców energetycznych, szczególnie że współcześnie państwo to, nie posiadając już własnych zasobów, cechuje się bardzo niską samowystarczalnością energetyczną. Japonia pozostaje jednym z największych w świecie importerów ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego z Bliskiego Wschodu, gdzie koncentruje się znaczna część światowych zasobów tych surowców. Artykuł ma na celu identyfikację czynników determinujących bezpieczeństwo energetyczne Japonii w kontekście stosunków z państwami Zatoki Perskiej w latach 2007−2016. Badano także ewolucję stosunków między partnerami na skutek katastrofy elektrowni jądrowej w Fukushimie w marcu 2011 r. Uwzględniono przy tym wpływ zjawisk o charakterze globalnym, takich jak zmiany cen ropy naftowej. Wykazano, że stosunki Japonii z państwami Zatoki Perskiej nie ograniczają się jedynie do zabezpieczania dostaw surowców energetycznych, ale wychodzą naprzeciw potrzebom rozwojowym partnerów. ; Japan, the third largest economy in the world in terms of GDP, estimated at $4.9 trillion in 2016, the fourth largest exporter and importer with turnover of more than $ 1.2 trillion in 2016, has enormous energy needs and it lacks natural resources. Compete with very low energy self-sufficiency i.e. 7.7% in 2015, Japan remains the fourth largest importer of energy raw materials in the world, for example, in 2016, it bought 6.4% of world traded oil. In the vast majority the Japanese import of fuels comes from the Middle East − about 80% of crude oil and 25% of natural gas. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), i.e.: Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, and United Arab Emirates, in 2016 were responsible for 24.4% of world crude oil production, with reserves of nearly 29.1% and 11.8% of global natural gas production and 22.1% reserves. Maintaining good relations with such key players on energy markets shapes Japan’s energy security. Accordingly, this article aims at identifying determinants of Japan’s energy security in the context of relations with the GCC states in the years 2007−2016. It also analyzes the change of Japan’s relations with the GCC states as a consequence of the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster in March 2011 as well as an impact of global phenomena, such as changes in oil prices on Japan’s energy security. In this context, cooperation between Japan and with the GCC countries has gained new significance. Besides that, so far, partners have failed to finalize negotiations on the creation of a free trade area.