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The aim of the paper is to assess diversification dynamics of the agrarian structure of voivodeships in years 1996-2008. The calculations were made on the basis of statistical data obtained from the Central Statistical Office—the number and area of farms have been grouped by voivodeships. With the use of a fuzzy classification method, voivodeships have been divided into groups of similar agrarian structures according to data of 1996, 2002 and 2008. As a result, 4 groups comprising the same voivodeships in each year have been distinguished. Group I con- sists of Malopolskie, Śląskie and Podkarpackie voivodeships. It is characterized by the highest degree of fragmentation of the agrarian structure. In 2008 around 82% of farms had the area of 1-5 hectares, while 14.4% of them had the area of 5-10 hectares. The remaining farms repre- sent a very small proportion: 10-20 hectares—3.3%, 20-50 hectares—1.1%, more than 50 hec­tares—0.3%. Group II consists of Łodzkie, Mazowieckie and Lubelskie voivodeships, where structure indices are as follows: 51.5%, 29.2%, 14%, 4.2% and 0.5%. The lowest degree of fragmentation is observed in group III, comprising Podlaskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Pomorskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie and Wielkopolskie voivodeships. The average structure is more regular in this group: 35.5%, 23%, 25.2%, 13.3% and 3.1%. Group IV consists of Lubuskie, Dolnośląskie and Opolskie voivodeships and average structure indices are as follows: 57%, 19.9%, 12.5%, 7.3% and 3.2%.

The aim of the paper is to assess diversification dynamics of the agrarian structure of voivodeships in years 1996-2008. The calculations were made on the basis of statistical data obtained from the Central Statistical Office—the number and area of farms have been grouped by voivodeships. With the use of a fuzzy classification method, voivodeships have been divided into groups of similar agrarian structures according to data of 1996, 2002 and 2008. As a result, 4 groups comprising the same voivodeships in each year have been distinguished. Group I con- sists of Malopolskie, Śląskie and Podkarpackie voivodeships. It is characterized by the highest degree of fragmentation of the agrarian structure. In 2008 around 82% of farms had the area of 1-5 hectares, while 14.4% of them had the area of 5-10 hectares. The remaining farms repre- sent a very small proportion: 10-20 hectares—3.3%, 20-50 hectares—1.1%, more than 50 hec­tares—0.3%. Group II consists of Łodzkie, Mazowieckie and Lubelskie voivodeships, where structure indices are as follows: 51.5%, 29.2%, 14%, 4.2% and 0.5%. The lowest degree of fragmentation is observed in group III, comprising Podlaskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Pomorskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie and Wielkopolskie voivodeships. The average structure is more regular in this group: 35.5%, 23%, 25.2%, 13.3% and 3.1%. Group IV consists of Lubuskie, Dolnośląskie and Opolskie voivodeships and average structure indices are as follows: 57%, 19.9%, 12.5%, 7.3% and 3.2%.

W artykule wyjaśnione zostały przyczyny i konsekwencje zmian w globalnym sektorze technologii informacyjnych i komunikacji (ICT). Wyspecyfikowane zostały główne procesy determinujące zmiany w wymiarach: rynkowym, technologicznym i ekonomicznym. Zaprezentowane zostały skutki zachodzących procesów - zmiany tradycyjnych reguł konkurowania i współpracy, przenikanie się branż, rozmywanie się ich granic, zmiany układu sił w powiązanych branżach a także tworzenie nowych. Monika Golonka

W artykule wyjaśnione zostały przyczyny i konsekwencje zmian w globalnym sektorze technologii informacyjnych i komunikacji (ICT). Wyspecyfikowane zostały główne procesy determinujące zmiany w wymiarach: rynkowym, technologicznym i ekonomicznym. Zaprezentowane zostały skutki zachodzących procesów - zmiany tradycyjnych reguł konkurowania i współpracy, przenikanie się branż, rozmywanie się ich granic, zmiany układu sił w powiązanych branżach a także tworzenie nowych. Monika Golonka

Prospecting for the alternative sources of energy is the priority of European energy policy. One of the most effective ways to multiply the sources of energy in Poland are agricultural biogas – works. This article takes into consideration the administrative barriers of these enterprises formation. The author, analysing the regulations relating to building process, regional planning and environmental protection, focuses on advantages and disadvantages of this kind of undertaking as well for the national economy as for the local community. Besides the author deals with the main problems of the biogas – works investors.

Prospecting for the alternative sources of energy is the priority of European energy policy. One of the most effective ways to multiply the sources of energy in Poland are agricultural biogas – works. This article takes into consideration the administrative barriers of these enterprises formation. The author, analysing the regulations relating to building process, regional planning and environmental protection, focuses on advantages and disadvantages of this kind of undertaking as well for the national economy as for the local community. Besides the author deals with the main problems of the biogas – works investors.

The aim of this discussion is to determine whether and to what degree the legal regulations concerning the production and utilization of agricultural biogas affect the development of this branch of renewable sources of energy. In conclusion the author states among other things that regulations on agricultural biogas production and utilisation, binding to date, are insufficient to strengthen this branch of economy, there are no regulations referring directly to the construction conditions and principles of operation for agricultural biogas plants. Inconclusiveness of law does not promote future investments and reduces profitability of already existing installations. The situation is going to improve after the Act on the amendment to the Act on Energy Law, enacted on 8 January 2010, enters into force, realising the main proposals formulated in the strategic document “Innovative Economy – Energy agriculture”. However, it seems unlikely to have a biogas plant in every commune by the year 2020, as it is planned. This ambitious plan requires legislative measures being an effect of a comprehensive approach to regulations concerning agriculture, the environment and the energy sector. L’autrice si propone l’obiettivo di rispondere alla domanda se, e in quale misura, la regolazione giuridica della produzione e dell’utilizzo del biogas agricolo incida sullo sviluppo di tale settore delle fonti energetiche rinnovabili. Nelle conclusioni si constata che le previsioni finora esistenti sono insufficienti per rinforzare l’economia del settore in questione. Manca una diretta disciplina delle condizioni di costruzione e dei principi del funzionamento degli impianti di biogas agricolo. Inoltre, l’equivocità della legge non favorisce gli investimenti futuri e abbassa la rendita degli impianti già esistenti. La situazione migliorerà dopo l’entrata in vigore della legge approvata l’8 gennaio 2010 di modifica della legge “Diritto energetico”, volta a realizzare i principali auspici formulati nel documento strategico „L’economia Innovativa – L’agricoltura energetica”. È tuttavia incerto se si riuscirà di costruire, come si intende, un impianto di biogas in ogni comune entro il 2020, poiché questo piano ambizioso richiede soluzioni legislative che siano il risultato di un approccio integrato delle normative agricole, ambientali ed energetiche.

The aim of this discussion is to determine whether and to what degree the legal regulations concerning the production and utilization of agricultural biogas affect the development of this branch of renewable sources of energy. In conclusion the author states among other things that regulations on agricultural biogas production and utilisation, binding to date, are insufficient to strengthen this branch of economy, there are no regulations referring directly to the construction conditions and principles of operation for agricultural biogas plants. Inconclusiveness of law does not promote future investments and reduces profitability of already existing installations. The situation is going to improve after the Act on the amendment to the Act on Energy Law, enacted on 8 January 2010, enters into force, realising the main proposals formulated in the strategic document “Innovative Economy – Energy agriculture”. However, it seems unlikely to have a biogas plant in every commune by the year 2020, as it is planned. This ambitious plan requires legislative measures being an effect of a comprehensive approach to regulations concerning agriculture, the environment and the energy sector. L’autrice si propone l’obiettivo di rispondere alla domanda se, e in quale misura, la regolazione giuridica della produzione e dell’utilizzo del biogas agricolo incida sullo sviluppo di tale settore delle fonti energetiche rinnovabili. Nelle conclusioni si constata che le previsioni finora esistenti sono insufficienti per rinforzare l’economia del settore in questione. Manca una diretta disciplina delle condizioni di costruzione e dei principi del funzionamento degli impianti di biogas agricolo. Inoltre, l’equivocità della legge non favorisce gli investimenti futuri e abbassa la rendita degli impianti già esistenti. La situazione migliorerà dopo l’entrata in vigore della legge approvata l’8 gennaio 2010 di modifica della legge “Diritto energetico”, volta a realizzare i principali auspici formulati nel documento strategico „L’economia Innovativa – L’agricoltura energetica”. È tuttavia incerto se si riuscirà di costruire, come si intende, un impianto di biogas in ogni comune entro il 2020, poiché questo piano ambizioso richiede soluzioni legislative che siano il risultato di un approccio integrato delle normative agricole, ambientali ed energetiche.