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  • Technologie ogniw paliwowych i mikrobiologicznych ogniw paliwowych mogą stać się w przyszłości jednymi z dominujących technologii wytwarzania energii elektrycznej. Konieczne są więc badania związane z tymi technologiami. Technologią, która może usprawnić prowadzenie badań w tym zakresie jest technologia druku 3D. Pozwala ona na wykonywanie dowolnych kształtów w jednym egzemplarzu. Ponadto koszt projektu i wydruku jest stosunkowo niski. Dzięki tej technologii można znacznie przyspieszyć prowadzenie badań z zakresu ogniw paliwowych i mikrobiologicznych ogniw paliwowych. Praca przedstawia wykorzystanie druku 3D w badaniach nad ogniwami paliwowymi i mikrobiologicznymi ogniwami paliwowymi prowadzonymi przez autorów. In the future the technologies of fuel cells and microbial fuel cells may become the dominant technologies of electricity production. It is therefore necessary to conduct research related to these technologies. The technology that can improve scientific research in this area is 3D printing technology. This technology allows making any shape in one copy. In addition, the cost of design and printing is relatively low. Thanks to this technology, conducting scientific research in the field of fuel cells and microbial fuel cells can be significantly accelerated. The paper presents the use of 3D printing by the authors in research on fuel cells and microbial fuel cells.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    CO2 emissions are a global problem. This means that the fight of only a part of the countries in this area does not change much. The purpose of this article is to try to show the real CO2 emissions of the Federal Republic of Germany as well as the impact of its trade on CO2 emissions in other countries in the world and in the EU in the year 2015. This study was conducted on the group of countries that are the major emitters of CO2 in the world including most of the EU member states. Actual CO2 emissions were achieved by applying the actual emission factor. Its size takes into account the transfer of CO2 in export products and services as well as those imported by individual countries. As a result of its application, it has turned out that the real CO2 emissions in the Federal Republic of Germany are significantly different from the gross values that represent the CO2 emissions in the country. Emisja CO2 jest problemem globalnym. Oznacza to, że walka jedynie części krajów w tym obszarze niewiele zmienia. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba ukazania rzeczywistego poziomu emisji CO2 na terenie Republiki Federalnej Niemiec, jak również wpływ jej wymiany handlowej na emisję CO2 w pozostałych państwach świata i UE w 2015 roku. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone na grupie państw będących głównymi emitentami CO2 na świecie, w tym większości państw członkowskich UE. Poziom emisji CO2 uzyskano przez zastosowanie wskaźnika emisji rzeczywistej. Jego wielkość uwzględnia transfer CO2 w produktach i usługach eksportowych, a także importowanych przez poszczególne kraje. W wyniku jego zastosowania okazało się, że rzeczywisty poziom emisji CO2 w Republice Federalnej Niemiec jest znacznie odmienny od wartości brutto, które reprezentują wielkości emisji CO2 na terenie danego kraju.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Prace Naukowe Uniwer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Prace Naukowe Uniwer...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    W artykule podjęto próbę wykazania różnic między krajowym systemem energetycznym i jego podsystemami, w tym krajowym systemem elektroenergetycznym. Dokonano charakterystyki często wykorzystywanych zamiennie pojęć tj. wielkość mocy zainstalowanej oraz wielkość mocy wyprodukowanej. Ponadto opisano specyfikę bilansowania systemu elektroenergetycznego. Dokonano analizy porównawczej wielkości mocy zainstalowanych z wielkościami mocy wyprodukowanych na przestrzeni lat 2015-2019 dokonując także ich oceny krytycznej identyfikując zaistniałe w tym okresie zjawiska i znaczenie energii z OZE dla KSE. The article attempts to show the differences between the national power system and its subsystems, including the national electrical system. The terms often used interchangeably, i.e. the amount of installed power and the amount of produced power, are characterized. In addition, the specificity of the power system balancing is described. A comparative analysis was made of the installed capacity with the capacity generated in 2015-2019, also making a critical assessment, identifying the existing in this period, the phenomena and the importance of energy from RES for the NES.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://czasopisma.b...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://czasopisma.b...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    W artykule dokonano analizy procesu osiągania statusu mocarstwa energetycznego przez Rosję po 2016 r. Przyjęcie takiej cezury czasowej wynika ze zmiany formy realizacji rosyjskiej polityki energetycznej. Teza wyjściowa to stwierdzenie, że budowa pozycji mocarstwa światowego jest przez Rosję realizowana w oparciu o koncepcję super-petrostate, która została uzupełniona o przedsięwzięcia niwelujące zagrożenie wystąpienia choroby holenderskiej oraz negatywne skutki rywalizacji z USA na rynku gazu LNG. Strategia ta jest realizowana przez sankcjonowanie statusu eksportera nośników energetycznych, który posiada znaczny poziom udziału w ich globalnym obrocie. Eksport ten ma jednocześnie umożliwić uruchomienie procesów modernizacyjnych sektora paliwowo-energetycznego, pozwalających na prowadzenie eksportu przetworzonych nośników energii i technologii wytwórczych oraz na realizację polityki zrównoważonego rozwoju. Istotną rolę w tych procesach odgrywają koncerny energetyczne, które ściśle realizują politykę państwa, np. prowadzą ekspansję na wskazane rynki zbytu. Istotnymi zagrożeniami dla tej polityki są: zaistnienie zjawiska choroby holenderskiej, wynikającej z uznania sektora paliwowo-energetycznego za najważniejszy sektor gospodarki, na którym oparto całą koncepcję rozwoju gospodarczego i uzależnienie od poziomu zapotrzebowania na nośniki energii oraz ich ceny na globalnych rynkach. Ograniczeniem dla osiągnięcia tych celów jest także zdolności gospodarki do absorpcji zastosowanych rozwiązań modernizacyjno-innowacyjnych oraz realność wdrażanych programów rozwojowych przez wiodące koncerny paliwowo-energetyczne. The article analyzes the process of achieving the status of an energy super-petrostate by Russia after 2016. The adoption of the above time limit results from a change in the form of implementation of the Russian energy policy. The adopted thesis is the statement that Russia is building its position measures to reduce the risk of “Dutch disease” and the negative eff ects of competition with the US on the LNG market. This goal is achieved by sanctioning the position of an energy carrier exporter who has a significant level of share in their global turnover. At the same time, these exports are to enable the modernization processes of the fuel and energy sector to be launched, allowing for the export of processed energy carriers and manufacturing technologies as well as the implementation of sustainable development policy. Policy focused on economic stimulation of regions located outside economic centers and using the possibilities of economizing production and consumption of energy. An important threat to this policy is the occurrence of the phenomenon of Dutch disease, resulting from the recognition of the fuel and energy sector as the most important sector of the economy,on which the concept of economic development was based, dependence on the level of hunt for energy carriers and their assessment on global markets. The achievement of these goals is also limited by the ability of the economy to absorb the modernization and innovation solutions used,and the reality of the implemented development programs by leading fuel and energy concerns.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://ksm.ka.edu.p...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://ksm.ka.edu.p...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    Skuteczność systemów wentylacji budynków mieszkalnych kontrolowana jest jedynie poprzez pomiar prędkości strumienia powietrza w kanale wentylacyjnym, co nie gwarantuje odpowiedniej kontroli jakości powietrza. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań skuteczności wentylacji naturalnej wielorodzinnych budynków mieszkalnych, stanowiącej najczęściej spotykane rozwiązanie w budynkach mieszkalnych w Polsce. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wentylację pomieszczenia sypialni, jako pomieszczenia, w którym spędza się około 1/3 czasu w ciągu dnia. Badano wpływ skuteczności systemu wentylacji na podstawowe parametry charakteryzujące jakość powietrza, tj. stężenie ditlenku węgla, wilgotność względną oraz temperaturę. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, iż w przypadku sypialni w lokalach mieszkalnych wielorodzinnych budynków mieszkalnych systemy wentylacji naturalnej nie spełniają swojej funkcji i powinny zostać zastąpione przez systemy wentylacji mechanicznej z odzyskiem ciepła. The effectiveness of ventilation in multi-family residential buildings is controlled only by the measuring the velocity of the air stream in the ventilation ducts. It does not guarantee adequate control of air quality. This paper presents a study of the effectiveness of natural ventilation of multi-family residential buildings. Particular attention has been paid to the ventilation of the bedroom as a place where a person spends 1/3 of the time during the day. The effectiveness of ventilation systems and their influence on basic properties of air quality, i.e. carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity and temperature were examined. The results obtained from the research show that, in the case of bedroom in the multi-family residential buildings, natural ventilation does not function effectively and should be replaced by mechanical ventilation - preferably intake and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.2...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.2...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • Authors: Górska, Anna;

    Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa ; Temat niniejszej rozprawy doktorskiej brzmi: „Polityka Unii Europejskiej wobec problemu ubóstwa energetycznego w wybranych państwach członkowskich”. Celem rozprawy była identyfikacja polityki Unii Europejskiej w obszarze ubóstwa energetycznego oraz sposobów przeciwdziałania zjawisku w ramach polityki publicznej państw oraz całej struktury Unii Europejskiej. Praca doktorska ma charakter badawczo-analityczny oraz studialno-systemowy. Część badawczo-analityczna poświęcona została ocenie skali ubóstwa energetycznego oraz ocenie sytuacji społeczno-ekonomicznej ludności. Część studialno-systemowa pracy objęła analizę dotychczasowego stanu problemu ubóstwa energetycznego w Polsce i wybranych państwach Unii Europejskiej oraz analizę stosowanych narzędzi politycznych, prawnych, organizacyjnych i ekonomicznych wspierających wychodzenie z ubóstwa energetycznego. W pracy skorzystano również z częściowej analizy instytucjonalno- prawnej. Problematyka ubóstwa energetycznego jest tematyką stosunkowo nową, i niewiele poświęcono jej uwagi w naukach politycznych i prawnych. Tematyka bardziej opisywana jest bardziej w naukach społecznych i ekonomicznych jako problem ubóstwa. Jednak niedawno została zauważona również przez polityków oraz międzynarodowe organizacje. W związku z tym pojawia się coraz więcej aktów prawnych sugerujących przeciwdziałanie problemowi ubóstwa energetycznego. ; The topic of this doctoral dissertation is: "European Union policy towards the issue of energy poverty in some selected Member States". The author of this doctoral dissertation aims to identify the European Union policy in the field of energy poverty and methods to counteract this phenomenon under the public policy of the individual Member States and the entire structure of the European Union. The doctoral dissertation is of a research-analytical nature and study-systemic in its character. The research-analytical part of the paper focusses on an dissection of energy poverty, evaluation of its scale and ...

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    The European Union climate policy, which reflects i.a. the provisions of UN Paris Agreement, implies many legislative and technological changes in many economic sectors, including the transport. Among the assumptions of the European Green Deal we find the one on significant reduction of greenhouse gases, especially in aviation and maritime transport until 2030 and 2050 respectively. In order to achieve the EGD goals, the European Commission has prepared a set of legislation proposals, the realisation of which should contribute to zero-emission trans-port, including maritime transport. The article presents the prospected reductions levels of air pollution by greenhouse gases presented in the EGD and „Fit for 55” communication, together with the possible obsticles on the way to achieve the mentioned reductions goals. Unijna polityka klimatyczna, odwołująca się m.in. do postanowień tzw. porozumień paryskich ONZ, wymaga zmian prawnych i technologicznych w wielu sektorach, w tym w transporcie. Wśród założeń Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu znalazł się także ten o znaczącej redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych, zwłaszcza w segmencie transportu lotniczego i morskiego odpowiednio do 2030 r. i 2050 r. Chcąc osiągnąć te cele, Komisja Europejska przygotowała pakiet projektów aktów normatywnych, których uchwalenie i realizacja mają przyczynić się do osiągnięcia zeroemisyjnego transportu, w tym transportu morskiego. W pracy przedstawiono zarówno prze-widziane poziomy redukcji zanieczyszczenia powietrza gazami cieplarnianymi, przyjęte w EZŁ, komunikacie „Gotowi na 55”, jak i bariery stojące na drodze do ich osiągnięcia.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Gdańskie Studia Praw...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Gdańskie Studia Praw...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono problem związany wykładnią przepisów ustawy o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym dotyczących możliwości lokalizacji instalacji odnawialnego źródła energii na podstawie decyzji o warunkach zabudowy. Kluczowym zagadnieniem w tym zakresie jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czy w obowiązujących uwarunkowaniach prawnych ustalenie warunków zabudowy dla zamierzenia polegającego na lokalizacji instalacji odnawialnego źródła energii o mocy zainstalowanej większej niż 500 kW oraz wolnostojących urządzeń fotowoltaicznych, o mocy zainstalowanej elektrycznej powyżej 1000 kW, zlokalizowanych na gruntach rolnych stanowiących użytki rolne klas V, VI, VIz i nieużytki, jest czy też nie jest możliwe, a jeżeli jest, to czy zależy ono od istnienia odpowiednich ustaleń przyjętych studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy. Przeprowadzona analiza daje podstawy do uznania, że w obowiązującym porządku prawnym istnieje możliwość ustalenia w drodze decyzji o warunkach zabudowy lokalizacji instalacji odnawialnego źródła energii, niezależnie od ustaleń przyjętych w studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy oraz od mocy tej instalacji. This article presents a problem related to the interpretation of the provisions of the Spatial Planning and Development Act regarding the possibility of locating a renewable energy source installation on the basis of a decision on building conditions. The main issue is to answer the question whether it is possible or not to determine the building conditions for the project of locating a renewable energy sources installation with an installed capacity of more than 500 kW and freestanding photovoltaic devices with an installed electrical capacity of more than 1000 kW on agricultural land of classes V, VI, VIz and wasteland. If so, whether it depends on the existence of appropriate regulations adopted in the compensation land for development in the structure plan of the municipality? The analysis carried out leads to the conclusion that it is possible to determine the location of the installation of renewable energy sources installation by means of a decision on the conditions of construction, irrespective of the regulations adopted in the balancing plan of the municipality on the land for development and the capacity of this installation.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.3...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.3...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    W artykule przedstawiona została obecna sytuacja na świecie pod względem ilości emitowanych do atmosfery gazów cieplarnianych z podziałem na kontynenty oraz dane pokazujące wzrost średniej globalnej temperatury. W dalszej części zawarte zostały szczegółowo wymienione oraz opisane działania Unii Europejskiej w zakresie polityki proekologicznej (m.in. Europejski Zielony Ład, System Handlu Emisjami ETS, pakiet inicjatyw politycznych “Gotowi na 55”), a także skutki wprowadzonych reform mających na celu stworzenie gospodarki neutralnej klimatycznie. Przeprowadzona przez Autorki analiza, wskazuje na ich pozytywną ocenę polityki prowadzonej przez Unię Europejską w dziedzinie ekologii. The article presents the current situation in the world in terms of the amount of green-house gases emitted into the atmosphere, broken down by continent, and data showing the increase in average global temperature. Further on, the European Union’s activities in the field of pro-environmental policy (e.g. the European Green Deal, the Emissions Trading System ETS, the ‘Fit for 55’ package of political initiatives), as well as the effects of the reforms introduced to create a climate-neutral economy are listed and described in detail. The authors’ analysis indicates their positive assessment of the policies pursued by the European Union in the field of ecology.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://czasopisma.b...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://czasopisma.b...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • The interest in finding alternative to nonrenewable energy sources is increasing and direct attention to plants that may be source of biomass. In particular,the cultivation of bioenergy crops on land with lower agricultural suitability, fallows and reclamation grounds is very much appreciated. In the face of these,among a large group of plants, the great potential has the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). It is a versatile species, useful as a raw material in many branches of industry, traditional food for people and customary animal feed. At the moment, in Poland,the seperennials are still being given insufficient attention. Paper discussed the questions connected with artichoke cultivation practices to assess energy production effect iveness, in Poland. Zainteresowanie znalezieniem alternatywy dla energii z paliw kopalnych zwiększa się i kieruje uwagę na rośliny, które mogą być źródłem biomasy. Szczególnie cenne jest uprawianie roślin bioenergetycznych na glebach o mniejszej przydatności rolniczej, ugorach i terenach rekultywacyjnych. W tym względzie, wśród dużej grupy roślin, wielki potencjał ma słonecznik bulwiasty (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Jest on gatunkiem wszechstronnym, użytecznym jako surowiec w wielu gałęziach przemysłu, tradycyjna żywność dla ludzi i zwyczajowa pasza dla zwierząt. Obecnie, w Polsce bylinom tym nadal nie poświęca się wystarczającej uwagi. W artykule omówiono wybrane zagadnienia związane uprawą słonecznika bulwiastego pod kontem produkcji energii w warunkach polskich.

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  • Technologie ogniw paliwowych i mikrobiologicznych ogniw paliwowych mogą stać się w przyszłości jednymi z dominujących technologii wytwarzania energii elektrycznej. Konieczne są więc badania związane z tymi technologiami. Technologią, która może usprawnić prowadzenie badań w tym zakresie jest technologia druku 3D. Pozwala ona na wykonywanie dowolnych kształtów w jednym egzemplarzu. Ponadto koszt projektu i wydruku jest stosunkowo niski. Dzięki tej technologii można znacznie przyspieszyć prowadzenie badań z zakresu ogniw paliwowych i mikrobiologicznych ogniw paliwowych. Praca przedstawia wykorzystanie druku 3D w badaniach nad ogniwami paliwowymi i mikrobiologicznymi ogniwami paliwowymi prowadzonymi przez autorów. In the future the technologies of fuel cells and microbial fuel cells may become the dominant technologies of electricity production. It is therefore necessary to conduct research related to these technologies. The technology that can improve scientific research in this area is 3D printing technology. This technology allows making any shape in one copy. In addition, the cost of design and printing is relatively low. Thanks to this technology, conducting scientific research in the field of fuel cells and microbial fuel cells can be significantly accelerated. The paper presents the use of 3D printing by the authors in research on fuel cells and microbial fuel cells.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    CO2 emissions are a global problem. This means that the fight of only a part of the countries in this area does not change much. The purpose of this article is to try to show the real CO2 emissions of the Federal Republic of Germany as well as the impact of its trade on CO2 emissions in other countries in the world and in the EU in the year 2015. This study was conducted on the group of countries that are the major emitters of CO2 in the world including most of the EU member states. Actual CO2 emissions were achieved by applying the actual emission factor. Its size takes into account the transfer of CO2 in export products and services as well as those imported by individual countries. As a result of its application, it has turned out that the real CO2 emissions in the Federal Republic of Germany are significantly different from the gross values that represent the CO2 emissions in the country. Emisja CO2 jest problemem globalnym. Oznacza to, że walka jedynie części krajów w tym obszarze niewiele zmienia. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba ukazania rzeczywistego poziomu emisji CO2 na terenie Republiki Federalnej Niemiec, jak również wpływ jej wymiany handlowej na emisję CO2 w pozostałych państwach świata i UE w 2015 roku. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone na grupie państw będących głównymi emitentami CO2 na świecie, w tym większości państw członkowskich UE. Poziom emisji CO2 uzyskano przez zastosowanie wskaźnika emisji rzeczywistej. Jego wielkość uwzględnia transfer CO2 w produktach i usługach eksportowych, a także importowanych przez poszczególne kraje. W wyniku jego zastosowania okazało się, że rzeczywisty poziom emisji CO2 w Republice Federalnej Niemiec jest znacznie odmienny od wartości brutto, które reprezentują wielkości emisji CO2 na terenie danego kraju.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Prace Naukowe Uniwer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Prace Naukowe Uniwer...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    W artykule podjęto próbę wykazania różnic między krajowym systemem energetycznym i jego podsystemami, w tym krajowym systemem elektroenergetycznym. Dokonano charakterystyki często wykorzystywanych zamiennie pojęć tj. wielkość mocy zainstalowanej oraz wielkość mocy wyprodukowanej. Ponadto opisano specyfikę bilansowania systemu elektroenergetycznego. Dokonano analizy porównawczej wielkości mocy zainstalowanych z wielkościami mocy wyprodukowanych na przestrzeni lat 2015-2019 dokonując także ich oceny krytycznej identyfikując zaistniałe w tym okresie zjawiska i znaczenie energii z OZE dla KSE. The article attempts to show the differences between the national power system and its subsystems, including the national electrical system. The terms often used interchangeably, i.e. the amount of installed power and the amount of produced power, are characterized. In addition, the specificity of the power system balancing is described. A comparative analysis was made of the installed capacity with the capacity generated in 2015-2019, also making a critical assessment, identifying the existing in this period, the phenomena and the importance of energy from RES for the NES.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://czasopisma.b...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://czasopisma.b...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    W artykule dokonano analizy procesu osiągania statusu mocarstwa energetycznego przez Rosję po 2016 r. Przyjęcie takiej cezury czasowej wynika ze zmiany formy realizacji rosyjskiej polityki energetycznej. Teza wyjściowa to stwierdzenie, że budowa pozycji mocarstwa światowego jest przez Rosję realizowana w oparciu o koncepcję super-petrostate, która została uzupełniona o przedsięwzięcia niwelujące zagrożenie wystąpienia choroby holenderskiej oraz negatywne skutki rywalizacji z USA na rynku gazu LNG. Strategia ta jest realizowana przez sankcjonowanie statusu eksportera nośników energetycznych, który posiada znaczny poziom udziału w ich globalnym obrocie. Eksport ten ma jednocześnie umożliwić uruchomienie procesów modernizacyjnych sektora paliwowo-energetycznego, pozwalających na prowadzenie eksportu przetworzonych nośników energii i technologii wytwórczych oraz na realizację polityki zrównoważonego rozwoju. Istotną rolę w tych procesach odgrywają koncerny energetyczne, które ściśle realizują politykę państwa, np. prowadzą ekspansję na wskazane rynki zbytu. Istotnymi zagrożeniami dla tej polityki są: zaistnienie zjawiska choroby holenderskiej, wynikającej z uznania sektora paliwowo-energetycznego za najważniejszy sektor gospodarki, na którym oparto całą koncepcję rozwoju gospodarczego i uzależnienie od poziomu zapotrzebowania na nośniki energii oraz ich ceny na globalnych rynkach. Ograniczeniem dla osiągnięcia tych celów jest także zdolności gospodarki do absorpcji zastosowanych rozwiązań modernizacyjno-innowacyjnych oraz realność wdrażanych programów rozwojowych przez wiodące koncerny paliwowo-energetyczne. The article analyzes the process of achieving the status of an energy super-petrostate by Russia after 2016. The adoption of the above time limit results from a change in the form of implementation of the Russian energy policy. The adopted thesis is the statement that Russia is building its position measures to reduce the risk of “Dutch disease” and the negative eff ects of competition with the US on the LNG market. This goal is achieved by sanctioning the position of an energy carrier exporter who has a significant level of share in their global turnover. At the same time, these exports are to enable the modernization processes of the fuel and energy sector to be launched, allowing for the export of processed energy carriers and manufacturing technologies as well as the implementation of sustainable development policy. Policy focused on economic stimulation of regions located outside economic centers and using the possibilities of economizing production and consumption of energy. An important threat to this policy is the occurrence of the phenomenon of Dutch disease, resulting from the recognition of the fuel and energy sector as the most important sector of the economy,on which the concept of economic development was based, dependence on the level of hunt for energy carriers and their assessment on global markets. The achievement of these goals is also limited by the ability of the economy to absorb the modernization and innovation solutions used,and the reality of the implemented development programs by leading fuel and energy concerns.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://ksm.ka.edu.p...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://ksm.ka.edu.p...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    Skuteczność systemów wentylacji budynków mieszkalnych kontrolowana jest jedynie poprzez pomiar prędkości strumienia powietrza w kanale wentylacyjnym, co nie gwarantuje odpowiedniej kontroli jakości powietrza. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań skuteczności wentylacji naturalnej wielorodzinnych budynków mieszkalnych, stanowiącej najczęściej spotykane rozwiązanie w budynkach mieszkalnych w Polsce. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wentylację pomieszczenia sypialni, jako pomieszczenia, w którym spędza się około 1/3 czasu w ciągu dnia. Badano wpływ skuteczności systemu wentylacji na podstawowe parametry charakteryzujące jakość powietrza, tj. stężenie ditlenku węgla, wilgotność względną oraz temperaturę. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, iż w przypadku sypialni w lokalach mieszkalnych wielorodzinnych budynków mieszkalnych systemy wentylacji naturalnej nie spełniają swojej funkcji i powinny zostać zastąpione przez systemy wentylacji mechanicznej z odzyskiem ciepła. The effectiveness of ventilation in multi-family residential buildings is controlled only by the measuring the velocity of the air stream in the ventilation ducts. It does not guarantee adequate control of air quality. This paper presents a study of the effectiveness of natural ventilation of multi-family residential buildings. Particular attention has been paid to the ventilation of the bedroom as a place where a person spends 1/3 of the time during the day. The effectiveness of ventilation systems and their influence on basic properties of air quality, i.e. carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity and temperature were examined. The results obtained from the research show that, in the case of bedroom in the multi-family residential buildings, natural ventilation does not function effectively and should be replaced by mechanical ventilation - preferably intake and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.2...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • Authors: Górska, Anna;

    Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa ; Temat niniejszej rozprawy doktorskiej brzmi: „Polityka Unii Europejskiej wobec problemu ubóstwa energetycznego w wybranych państwach członkowskich”. Celem rozprawy była identyfikacja polityki Unii Europejskiej w obszarze ubóstwa energetycznego oraz sposobów przeciwdziałania zjawisku w ramach polityki publicznej państw oraz całej struktury Unii Europejskiej. Praca doktorska ma charakter badawczo-analityczny oraz studialno-systemowy. Część badawczo-analityczna poświęcona została ocenie skali ubóstwa energetycznego oraz ocenie sytuacji społeczno-ekonomicznej ludności. Część studialno-systemowa pracy objęła analizę dotychczasowego stanu problemu ubóstwa energetycznego w Polsce i wybranych państwach Unii Europejskiej oraz analizę stosowanych narzędzi politycznych, prawnych, organizacyjnych i ekonomicznych wspierających wychodzenie z ubóstwa energetycznego. W pracy skorzystano również z częściowej analizy instytucjonalno- prawnej. Problematyka ubóstwa energetycznego jest tematyką stosunkowo nową, i niewiele poświęcono jej uwagi w naukach politycznych i prawnych. Tematyka bardziej opisywana jest bardziej w naukach społecznych i ekonomicznych jako problem ubóstwa. Jednak niedawno została zauważona również przez polityków oraz międzynarodowe organizacje. W związku z tym pojawia się coraz więcej aktów prawnych sugerujących przeciwdziałanie problemowi ubóstwa energetycznego. ; The topic of this doctoral dissertation is: "European Union policy towards the issue of energy poverty in some selected Member States". The author of this doctoral dissertation aims to identify the European Union policy in the field of energy poverty and methods to counteract this phenomenon under the public policy of the individual Member States and the entire structure of the European Union. The doctoral dissertation is of a research-analytical nature and study-systemic in its character. The research-analytical part of the paper focusses on an dissection of energy poverty, evaluation of its scale and ...

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    The European Union climate policy, which reflects i.a. the provisions of UN Paris Agreement, implies many legislative and technological changes in many economic sectors, including the transport. Among the assumptions of the European Green Deal we find the one on significant reduction of greenhouse gases, especially in aviation and maritime transport until 2030 and 2050 respectively. In order to achieve the EGD goals, the European Commission has prepared a set of legislation proposals, the realisation of which should contribute to zero-emission trans-port, including maritime transport. The article presents the prospected reductions levels of air pollution by greenhouse gases presented in the EGD and „Fit for 55” communication, together with the possible obsticles on the way to achieve the mentioned reductions goals. Unijna polityka klimatyczna, odwołująca się m.in. do postanowień tzw. porozumień paryskich ONZ, wymaga zmian prawnych i technologicznych w wielu sektorach, w tym w transporcie. Wśród założeń Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu znalazł się także ten o znaczącej redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych, zwłaszcza w segmencie transportu lotniczego i morskiego odpowiednio do 2030 r. i 2050 r. Chcąc osiągnąć te cele, Komisja Europejska przygotowała pakiet projektów aktów normatywnych, których uchwalenie i realizacja mają przyczynić się do osiągnięcia zeroemisyjnego transportu, w tym transportu morskiego. W pracy przedstawiono zarówno prze-widziane poziomy redukcji zanieczyszczenia powietrza gazami cieplarnianymi, przyjęte w EZŁ, komunikacie „Gotowi na 55”, jak i bariery stojące na drodze do ich osiągnięcia.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Gdańskie Studia Praw...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono problem związany wykładnią przepisów ustawy o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym dotyczących możliwości lokalizacji instalacji odnawialnego źródła energii na podstawie decyzji o warunkach zabudowy. Kluczowym zagadnieniem w tym zakresie jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, czy w obowiązujących uwarunkowaniach prawnych ustalenie warunków zabudowy dla zamierzenia polegającego na lokalizacji instalacji odnawialnego źródła energii o mocy zainstalowanej większej niż 500 kW oraz wolnostojących urządzeń fotowoltaicznych, o mocy zainstalowanej elektrycznej powyżej 1000 kW, zlokalizowanych na gruntach rolnych stanowiących użytki rolne klas V, VI, VIz i nieużytki, jest czy też nie jest możliwe, a jeżeli jest, to czy zależy ono od istnienia odpowiednich ustaleń przyjętych studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy. Przeprowadzona analiza daje podstawy do uznania, że w obowiązującym porządku prawnym istnieje możliwość ustalenia w drodze decyzji o warunkach zabudowy lokalizacji instalacji odnawialnego źródła energii, niezależnie od ustaleń przyjętych w studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy oraz od mocy tej instalacji. This article presents a problem related to the interpretation of the provisions of the Spatial Planning and Development Act regarding the possibility of locating a renewable energy source installation on the basis of a decision on building conditions. The main issue is to answer the question whether it is possible or not to determine the building conditions for the project of locating a renewable energy sources installation with an installed capacity of more than 500 kW and freestanding photovoltaic devices with an installed electrical capacity of more than 1000 kW on agricultural land of classes V, VI, VIz and wasteland. If so, whether it depends on the existence of appropriate regulations adopted in the compensation land for development in the structure plan of the municipality? The analysis carried out leads to the conclusion that it is possible to determine the location of the installation of renewable energy sources installation by means of a decision on the conditions of construction, irrespective of the regulations adopted in the balancing plan of the municipality on the land for development and the capacity of this installation.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.3...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.3...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    W artykule przedstawiona została obecna sytuacja na świecie pod względem ilości emitowanych do atmosfery gazów cieplarnianych z podziałem na kontynenty oraz dane pokazujące wzrost średniej globalnej temperatury. W dalszej części zawarte zostały szczegółowo wymienione oraz opisane działania Unii Europejskiej w zakresie polityki proekologicznej (m.in. Europejski Zielony Ład, System Handlu Emisjami ETS, pakiet inicjatyw politycznych “Gotowi na 55”), a także skutki wprowadzonych reform mających na celu stworzenie gospodarki neutralnej klimatycznie. Przeprowadzona przez Autorki analiza, wskazuje na ich pozytywną ocenę polityki prowadzonej przez Unię Europejską w dziedzinie ekologii. The article presents the current situation in the world in terms of the amount of green-house gases emitted into the atmosphere, broken down by continent, and data showing the increase in average global temperature. Further on, the European Union’s activities in the field of pro-environmental policy (e.g. the European Green Deal, the Emissions Trading System ETS, the ‘Fit for 55’ package of political initiatives), as well as the effects of the reforms introduced to create a climate-neutral economy are listed and described in detail. The authors’ analysis indicates their positive assessment of the policies pursued by the European Union in the field of ecology.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://czasopisma.b...arrow_drop_down
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  • The interest in finding alternative to nonrenewable energy sources is increasing and direct attention to plants that may be source of biomass. In particular,the cultivation of bioenergy crops on land with lower agricultural suitability, fallows and reclamation grounds is very much appreciated. In the face of these,among a large group of plants, the great potential has the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). It is a versatile species, useful as a raw material in many branches of industry, traditional food for people and customary animal feed. At the moment, in Poland,the seperennials are still being given insufficient attention. Paper discussed the questions connected with artichoke cultivation practices to assess energy production effect iveness, in Poland. Zainteresowanie znalezieniem alternatywy dla energii z paliw kopalnych zwiększa się i kieruje uwagę na rośliny, które mogą być źródłem biomasy. Szczególnie cenne jest uprawianie roślin bioenergetycznych na glebach o mniejszej przydatności rolniczej, ugorach i terenach rekultywacyjnych. W tym względzie, wśród dużej grupy roślin, wielki potencjał ma słonecznik bulwiasty (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Jest on gatunkiem wszechstronnym, użytecznym jako surowiec w wielu gałęziach przemysłu, tradycyjna żywność dla ludzi i zwyczajowa pasza dla zwierząt. Obecnie, w Polsce bylinom tym nadal nie poświęca się wystarczającej uwagi. W artykule omówiono wybrane zagadnienia związane uprawą słonecznika bulwiastego pod kontem produkcji energii w warunkach polskich.

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