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L'empreinte carbone des technologies numériques est une préoccupation depuis plusieurs années. Cela concerne principalement la consommation électrique des datacenters; beaucoup de fournisseurs dans le domaine du cloud s'engagent à n'utiliser que des sources d'énergie renouvelables. Cependant, cette approche néglige la phase de fabrication des composants des infrastructures numériques. Nous considérons dans ce travail de recherche la question du dimensionnement des énergies renouvelables pour une infrastructure de type cloud géographiquement distribuée autour de la planète, considérant l'impact carbone à la fois de l'électricité issue du réseau électrique local en fonction de la location de sa production, et de la fabrication des panneaux photovoltaïques et des batteries pour la part renouvelable de l'alimentation des ressources. Nous avons modélisé ce problème de minimisation de l'impact carbone d'une telle infrastructure cloud sous la forme d'un programme linéaire. La solution est le dimensionnement optimal d'une fédération de cloud sur une année complète en fonction des localisations des datacenters, des traces réelles des travaux à exécuter et valeurs d'irradiation solaire heure par heure. Nos résultats montrent une réduction de l'impact carbone de 30% comparés à la même architecture cloud totalement alimentée par des énergies renouvelables et 85% comparés à un modèle qui n'utiliserait qu'une alimentation via le réseau local d'électricité. The carbon footprint of IT technologies has been a significant concern in recent years. This concern mainly focuses on the electricity consumption of data centers; many cloud suppliers commit to using 100% of renewable energy sources. However, this approach neglects the impact of device manufacturing. We consider in this work the question of dimensioning the renewable energy sources of a geographically distributed cloud with considering the carbon impact of both the grid electricity consumption in the considered locations and the manufacturing of solar panels and batteries. We design a linear program to optimize cloud dimensioning over one year, considering worldwide locations for data centers, real-life workload traces, and solar irradiation values. Our results show a carbon footprint reduction of about 30% compared to a cloud fully supplied by solar energy and of 85% compared to the 100% grid electricity model. Données computationnelles ou de simulation: En tenant compte des données en entrée (description de la fédération de centres de données, fichiers de configuration appropriés, conditions météorologiques, etc.), le logiciel est capable de proposer un dimensionnement optimal pour la fédération des datacenters à faible émission de carbone distribuée à l'échelle mondiale : surface des panneaux photovoltaïques et capacité des batteries pour chaque datacenter de la fédération. Des scripts sont disponibles pour mettre en forme les solutions proposées. Simulation or computational data: Considering given inputs (datacenter federation, appropriate configuration files, weather conditions, etc.), the software is able to propose an optimal sizing for the globally distributed low carbon cloud federation: surface area of solar panels, battery capacity for each data center location. . Scripts are available to shape the optimal configuration. Audience: Research, Policy maker UpdatePeriodicity: as needed

Complete dataset (part 1) of daily climate variables (daily precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature) for a historical (1989-2005) and future period (2021-2050), of four climate models (CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5, ICHEC-EC-EARTH, IPSL-IPSL-CM5A-MR and MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). The climatic variables are provided at 9x9 km resolution for the Iberian Peninsula and at 1x1 km and for the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve of Meseta Ibérica (Portugal-Spain). {"references": ["Jacob, D., Teichmann, C., Sobolowski, S., Katragkou, E., Anders, I., Belda, M., ... & Wulfmeyer, V. (2020). Regional climate downscaling over Europe: perspectives from the EURO-CORDEX community. Regional environmental change, 20(2), 1-20.", "Cornes, R. C., van der Schrier, G., van den Besselaar, E. J., & Jones, P. D. (2018). An ensemble version of the E\u2010OBS temperature and precipitation data sets. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(17), 9391-9409."]}

Aim: Climate change and deforestation will redistribute the biodiversity in the next century. Species-specific differences in the response to such stressors will lead to distribution decoupling of interacting species, yet consequences for ecosystem services are poorly known. Here, we assess the potential effects of future niche mismatch on a key ecosystem service mediated by seed dispersal and pollination interactions in the Amazon: the sustainable exploitation of Brazil nuts. Location: The Amazon. Major taxa studied: Woody plant, medium-sized mammals, and insects. Time period: Present day, end of the 21st Century. Methods: Combining ecological niche models to simulations of tree cover loss and dispersal constraints, we compare the forecasted distribution of the plant to that of its interacting fauna of pollinators and seed dispersers. Results: Our projections indicate that climate change itself could have no or slightly negative effects on the distribution of the Brazil nut tree, expected to increase by 6% by year 2090. However, range contractions of nearly half of all the suitable climate for pollinators may lead up to 80% reduction on co-occurrence potential. In addition, local pollinator richness is expected to reduce by 20%, with likely consequences for pollination redundancy and resilience to subsequent environment changes. Although reductions on the suitable area of some seed dispersers were also forecasted in the future, potential co-occurrence with the plant and local species richness were mostly unabated in most of our projections. Main conclusion: The forecasted declines in pollinator diversity may hamper ecosystem function redundancy and threaten the long-term resilience of the services provided by Brazil nut trees. Such pervasive and indirect effects of climate change, often neglected and unaccounted for in most conservation assessments, may cascade into economies and human well-being worldwide.

The data comprise measurements of the impact of two prescribed annual burnings on the ecological properties of an invasion gradient by Urochloa decumbens in a tropical savanna (Cerrado). The ecological properties measured before (2019) and after the experiment (2021) were the abundance of invasive species, illuminance, air temperature, air humidity, specific leaf area, species richness, species diversity, vegetation cover, biomass, decomposition rate and carbon efflux. The two experimental areas were located within two reserves in Southeast and Central Brazil: Estação Ecológica de Itirapina in the municipalities of Brotas and Itirapina in São Paulo State, and Parque Nacional de Brasília in the Distrito Federal. Data were collected during multiple field excursions between March 2019 and September 2021. Data was collected in the field and digitized. Material sampled in the field that required any type of further manipulation or processing was brought to the Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). If further processing was required (dependant on material type), this was recorded and can be found in the data (.Rdata file).

Current rising temperatures are threatening biodiversity. It is therefore crucial to understand how climate change impacts male and female fertility and whether evolutionary responses can help in coping with heat stress. We use experimental evolution to study male and female fertility during real-time evolution of two historically differentiated populations of Drosophila subobscura under different thermal selection regimes for 23 generations. We aim to (1) tease apart sex-specific differences in fertility after exposure to warming conditions during development, (2) test whether thermal selection can enhance fertility under thermal stress, and (3) address the role of historically distinct genetic backgrounds. Contrary to expectations, heat stress during development had a higher negative impact on female fertility than on male fertility. We did not find clear evidence for enhanced fertility in males or females evolving under warming conditions. Population history had a clear impact on fertility response under thermal stress, particularly in males with those from lower latitudes presenting better performance than their higher latitude counterparts. We show that the impact of thermal stress on fertility varies between traits, sexes and genetic backgrounds. Incorporating these several levels of variation is crucial for a deeper understanding of how fertility evolves under climate change. This dataset includes the raw data for the article accepted for publication in Evolution (EVO-23-0043): "Sex and population differences underlie variation in reproductive success in a warming environment.” Data correspond to a phenotypic assay performed on experimental populations after 23 generations of evolution in different thermal selection regimes. Assay included populations from 2 thermal selection regimes (warming vs controls, each three fold replicated). Adult reproductive performance (Fecundity, productivity and juvenile viability) under warming conditions (peak temperature of 29.4ºC) was assessed for couples (1 male + 1 female) of the different experimental populations in which either the male, the female or both were exposed to those same warming conditions during the developmental stage. Raw data are the individual data from each assayed couple from a given experimental population. Please see the accompanying README.md file for details on data description and structure. 

Ocean acidification and warming (OA-W) result mainly from the absorption of carbon dioxide and heat by the oceans, altering its physical and chemical properties and affecting carbonate secretion by marine calcifiers such as gastropods. These processes are ongoing, and the projections of their aggravation are not encouraging. This work assesses the concomitant effect of the predicted pH decrease and temperature rise on early life stages of the neogastropod Tritia reticulata (L.), a common scavenger of high ecological importance on coastal ecosystems of the NE Atlantic. Veligers were exposed for 14 days to 12 OA-W experimental scenarios generated by a factorial design of three pH levels (targeting 8.1, 7.8 and 7.5) at four temperatures (16, 18, 20 and 22 °C). Results reveal effects of both pH and temperature (T °C) on larval development, growth, shell integrity and survival, individually or interactively at different exposure times. All endpoints were initially driven by pH, with impaired development and high mortalities being recorded in the first week, constrained by the most acidic scenarios (pHtarget 7.5). Development was also significantly driven by T °C, and its acceleration with warming was observed for the remaining exposure time. Still, by the end of this 2-weeks trial, larval performance and survival were highly affected by the interaction between pH and T °C: growth under warming was evident but only for T °C ≤ 20 °C and carbonate saturation (pHtarget ≥ 7.8). In fact, carbonate undersaturation rendered critical larval mortality (100%) at 22 °C, and the occurrence of extremely vulnerable, unshelled specimens in all other tested temperatures. As recruitment cohorts are the foundation for future populations, our results point towards the extreme vulnerability of this species in case tested scenarios become effective that, according to the IPCC, are projected for the northern hemisphere, where this species is ubiquitous, by the end of the century. Increased veliger mortality associated with reduced growth rates, shell dissolution and loss under OA-W projected scenarios will reduce larval performance, jeopardizing T. reticulata subsistence. In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-06-12.

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. The Lived experience of climate change: interdisciplinary e-module development and virtual mobility project concerns education and lifelong learning in relation to climate change, to contribute to an informed and active European citizenry and to inform EU policy on this major challenge. Focusing on the lived experiences of climate change -- how individuals, communities and organisations conceive and respond to its perceived local impacts (e.g. extreme weather, biodiversity changes) – the project complements other work in the area. Through collaboration between nine participating institutions, designing innovative teaching modules and a virtual learning space, it aims to create a European community of scholars, students and citizens who collectively make a major contribution to the United Nations decade on education for sustainable development.This document contains Module 1 Textbook : "Introduction to climate change in the context of sustainable development". 504269-LLP-1-2009-1-UK-ERASMUS-ECDSP

This paper explores the implementation of European Union (EU) Cohesion Policy in Portugal under the 2014–2020 programming framework (Portugal 2020) and its contribution to promoting environmental sustainability. It starts with an anatomization of the dominant analytic dimensions of the concept of sustainable territorial development. It then examines the approved projects under Portugal 2020 and relates them to the selected five dimensions of territorial sustainable development, which include a circular economy, social environmental awareness, environmental conservation, a global governance sustainability focus, and a global spatial planning sustainability focus. It concludes that the Portugal 2020’ execution rate on supporting renewable sources of energy is strangely low, in view of the untapped potential of the country in, for instance, exploring solar energy. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Sustainability assessment and rating systems are intended to foster more sustainable design, construction, operation, maintenance and disassembly/deconstruction promoting and making possible a better integration of environment, societal, and cost concerns with other traditional decision criteria. The use of improved and building technologies can contribute considerably to better environmental cycle and then to the sustainability of the constructions. It is widely recognised in the of Building Sustainability Assessment that Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a much preferable method for evaluating the environmental pressure caused by materials, Building assemblies and the whole life-cycle of a building. Nevertheless, LCA tools are not extensively used in building design and most of building sustainability assessment and systems are not comprehensive or consistently LCA-based. Reasons for this failure above all related to the huge variety and amount of material flows and processes of building’s Lifecycle and to the complexity of the stages of a LCA. This paper will present the difficulties and possible solutions to integrate more accurate environmental methods in rating systems. In this context, the paper will also present the work that is being carried out in the development of the Portuguese Building Sustainability Assessment system (SBTool PT)