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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia The object of this study is Water. It focuses on the various aspects that, when taken together, make it possible to understand Water as a crucial constitutive component of the various different elements of the landscape. When applied in particular to the Alfama district of Lisbon – in accordance with the principle of sustainability and from a holistic and systemic perspective –, the emphasis on Water as an overarching theme makes it possible to come up with, and develop, a “project concept” that addresses the specific hydrological problems of this urban area, without neglecting the formal and spatial dimensions. It is shown in this study that it is possible to consider and address the hydrological and the spatial simultaneously, and that one can take advantage of both in order to come up with solutions that are sustainable both from a spatial and architectural point of view (i.e. which are well-suited to the cultural and historical context) and from a biophysical one (i.e. which take into account the ecological base of the area). Insofar as it seeks to provide a holistically sustainable solution to the current problems associated with effectively draining, collecting and managing water in this urban district, this study constitutes such an attempt. The solutions suggested in this study are the result of a local-level approach carried out at the scale of the urban fabric, which made it possible to identify the various existing imbalances with regard to water drainage in this area. This approach can in fact be adopted in other urban contexts, provided that the necessary adaptations are made.

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia The growing importance of biofuels, such as bioethanol, in today's society as an alternative to oil, was the driving force of this work. The lack of information about the effect of a major alcoholic fermentation inhibitor present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates towards a yeast of the genus Saccharomyces (the most widely used in bioethanol production) justifies the interest and relevance of this study that aim at assessing the inhibitory effect of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) during alcoholic fermentation by the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. The physiological effects evaluation was performed by multiparametric flow cytometry by detecting changes in the cytoplasmic membrane, lipids composition and oxygen reactive species (ROS) production. It was observed that increasing concentrations of HMF inhibit growth (Ki = 0.188 L/g) and ethanol production although in lesser extent in the latter case (20% reduction with 10 g/L). Only in the presence of 15 g/L it was observed neither growth nor ethanol production. The analysis by multiparameter flow cytometry with the use of specific dyes has proved to be an indispensable tool in this study, showing that increasing concentrations of HMF induce loss of cytoplasmic membrane integrity and polarization, production of ROS and changes in the cellular lipid fraction.

Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura com Especialização em Planeamento Urbano e Territorial.

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitetura Com Especialização em Planeamento Urbano e Territorial, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.

O presente relatório detalha o processo de estágio realizado e as competências profissionais adquiridas face à prescrição de exercício físico em dois programas comunitários de Reabilitação Cardíaca: o Clube Coronário de Lisboa e o Centro de Reabilitação Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa. As doenças cardiovasculares continuam a crescer, em parte devido ao aumento dos fatores de risco, entre os quais o excesso de peso e a obesidade. Desenvolve-se assim um contributo de prescrição de exercício e atividade física individualizado para o aumento do dispêndio energético dos participantes de um dos programas, tendo sempre em conta a patologia cardiovascular associada e a farmacologia tomada. Além disso, foram desenvolvidas múltiplas competências durante o ano de estágio: prescrição de exercício em diferentes perfis de pessoas com doença cardiovascular, monitorização de variáveis hemodinâmicas dos participantes, avaliação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória, funcional, da composição corporal e da atividade física, e a organização de diferentes atividades e eventos. Este documento termina com uma conclusão e reflexão final sobre os dois anos de mestrado, além das expectativas presentes e futuras do estagiário a nível profissional nesta área. This report details the internship process performed and the professional skills acquired in relation to the physical exercise prescription in two community Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs: The Coronary Club of Lisbon and the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Center of the University of Lisbon. Cardiovascular diseases continue to grow, partly due to the increase in risk factors, including overweight and obesity. Thus, a contribution to prescribe individualized exercise and physical activity is developed for one of the programs, with the goal of increasing the energy expenditure of the participants, always considering the associated cardiovascular pathology and the pharmacology taken. In addition, multiple skills were developed during the internship year: exercise prescription in different profiles of people with cardiovascular disease, monitoring of hemodynamic variables of the participants, assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, functional fitness, body composition and physical activity, and the organization of different activities and events. This document ends with a reflection and conclusion about the present and future expectations of the trainee at the professional level in this area.

Mestrado em Engenharia de Sistemas Bioenergéticos - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Instituto Superior Técnico / Faculdade de Ciências. Universidade de Lisboa The concern with the environmental impacts regarding the use of fossil fuels in the energy sector has triggered the search for new renewable energy sources. The aim of this study was to monitor the physiological response of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis cells in fermentation assays performed with the addition of formic acid by multi-parameter flow cytometry. The biomass production was more affected by formic acid concentrations higher than 5 g.L-1. Nevertheless, the lowest biomass yield (0,034g.g-1) as well as the lower ethanol yield (35% reduction regarding the assay without inhibitor) were attained with 20g.L-1 of formic acid. The multi-parameter flow cytometry analysis showed that in the presence of 5 g.L-1 of inhibitor during the exponential growth phase there are some stress indicators such as the increase in the number of cells with depolarized membrane and the increase in the number of cells with reactive oxygen species, although the yeast continues to respond in terms of biomass and ethanol productions. The results on ethanol production indicate that the use of this yeast in lignocellulosic hydrolisates fermentation may be interesting due to its resistance to the effect of formic acid when compared to other yeasts like Saccharomyces cerevisae whose inhibition effects of formic acid are registered for concentrations over 4,6 g.L-1 (Larson et al., 2009).

Dissertação de Mestrado em Design com a a especialização em Design de Produto apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre. O escutismo é uma associação sem fins lucrativos, e havendo uma escassez de fundos monetários para a aquisição de equipamentos é necessário efectuar angariações de fundos para tal, ou pedir apoios e patrocínios com o intuito de solicitar doações. Tendo em conta esta situação é imprescindível existir uma priorização das necessidades, aquando de algum investimento. Uma das necessidades sentidas pelos agrupamentos é a aquisição de caixas de armazenamento em plástico para o transporte de pequenos equipamentos; porém, este é um dos objetivos que fica, muitas vezes, para último nessa priorização. Deste modo, as caixas existentes não cumprem com as necessidades que surgem em campo, no decorrer das atividades escutistas, pois não foram desenhadas para esse fim. Neste sentido, surgiram como suporte da problemática as seguintes questões: Como pode o Design de Produto contribuir para a melhoria do transporte de equipamento para Escuteiros? Como criar um objeto lúdico e pedagógico, aplicando o método Aprender Fazendo, que se enquadra no Movimento Escutista? Estas questões de investigação do projeto têm como objetivo geral perceber de que forma o Design de Produto se pode relacionar com os Escuteiros, a fim de obter uma solução funcional e lúdica para assegurar um processo fácil de montagem e desmontagem, uma utilização eficaz, apresentando ainda como benefício a versatilidade, através de diferentes tipos de transporte. Este projeto de investigação assenta numa metodologia mista não intervencionista e intervencionista de base qualitativa, através de uma revisão teórica para obter uma melhor compreensão sobre a temática em causa. De seguida, foi desenvolvido um objeto “Faz-tu-mesmo”, direcionado para escuteiros dos 10 aos 18 anos. Posteriormente, o objeto foi avaliado através da realização de teste de usabilidade e de questionários avaliativos pelos Dirigentes pertencentes ao Agrupamento de Escuteiros 977-Ourém. Este projeto de investigação resultou num objeto DIY, “Faz-tu-mesmo”, e no seu Guia de Construção, respondendo, desta forma, aos objetivos e requisitos propostos, com uma vertente lúdica e pedagógica, consciencializando os jovens escuteiros para a temática da sustentabilidade. Espera-se que este projeto contribua para um aumento de futuros estudos sobre este tema, enriquecendo o Design de Produto associado ao Escutismo, fomentando o interesse dos jovens escuteiros para soluções práticas e funcionais que respeitem os princípios da sustentabilidade. ABSTRACT: Scouting is a non-profit association, and if there is a shortage of monetary funds for the purchase of equipment, it is necessary to raise funds for this, or to ask for support and sponsorships in order to request donations. Taking this situation into account, it is essential to prioritize needs when making an investment. One of the needs felt by the groupings is the acquisition of plastic storage boxes for the transport of small equipment; however, this is one of the objectives that is often the last piority. Thus, the existing boxes do not meet the needs that rise in the field, during the scouting activities, as they were not designed for this purpose. In this sense, the following questions arose as support for the problem: How can Product Design contribute to the improvement of equipment transportation for Scouts? How to create a playful and pedagogical object, applying the Learning by Doing method, which is part of the Scout Movement? This research project started in a non-interventionist way, through a theoretical review to obtain a better understanding of the subject in question. Then, a “Do-it-yourself” object was developed, for the use and creation by the scouts from 10 to 18 years old. Subsequently, the object was evaluated through usability testing and evaluative questionnaires by the Managers belonging to the Scout Group 977-Ourém. These research questions of the project have as general objective to understand how the Product Design can be related to the Scouts, in order to obtain a functional and playful solution to ensure an easy process of assembly and disassembly, an effective use, and also presenting the versatility benefit, through different types of transport. This research project resulted in a DIY object, “Do-it-yourself”, and in its Construction Guide, responding in this way, to the proposed objectives and requirements, with a playful and pedagogical aspect making young scouts aware of the theme of sustainability. It is hoped that this project will contribute to an increase in future studies on this topic, enriching the Product Design associated with Scouting, fostering the interest of young scouts for practical and functional solutions that respect the principles of sustainability. N/A

We present a system of alometric biomass equations for aboveground compartments for Pinus pinea L. that allows biomass estimation with information from conventional forest inventories. We harvested 40 trees located in south of Portugal and separated and weighed all the aboveground components: needles, stem bark, branches and stem. The equations were simultaneously fitted using seemingly unrelated regression. This method allows the compatibility of the partial allometric equations with the equation for total biomass aboveground that corresponds to the sum of those 4 equations. The models were better for stem (R2adj.=0.85) and bark (R2adj.=0.83) and worst for branches (R2adj.=0.79) and needles(R2adj.=0.71). Crown biomass was always high compared with aboveground biomass, independently on stand characteristics. However it may be exacerbated by artificial pruning that is carried out to increase crown expansion for pine nut production. The different stand management circumstances from where trees harvested were selected may explain the worst fitting for crown components.

Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia This dissertation of my masters degree in landscape architecture tries to be a bonding between the concept of sustainable development and the city with focus on the Water theme. As prove of concept, the study of this neighborhood in Lisbon named Alvalade begins with the definition of sustainable development and its applicability to an urban environment, followed by an analysis of the Water resources and focusing on its ecological, cultural and project specific aspects to which is added a synthesis of the planning mechanisms and urban philosophies inherent to this specific neighborhood. Therefore, it was created an interpretative analysis of the target area resorting to a holistic and systemic methodology that allowed the development of project strategies which not only follow the definition of sustainability, they also preserve the rational sustainable management of the Water resources and propose a better public space design both esthetical and functional in urban environment. These project conclusions are a result of an approach made at a neighborhood scale to meet Alvalade’s urban specifications in order to try to minimize its weaknesses, magnify its potential, to answer to the proposed concepts and for future reference to other urban areas that meet the same requirements.