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糖蜜是一种制糖的副产物,富含备类有机物,常被用作发酵底物制备备类化工品,但鲜有用于制备生物燃气的报道。本研究采用糖蜜为底物以液态连续进料的方式实现了厌氧发酵的快速启动,COD去除率达70%以上,沼气产率达0.65m^3/kg以上,沼气甲烷含量达80%以上。该工艺可克服传统固体/半固体沼气发酵启动周期长,产气效率低等缺点,因此具有一定的产业化潜力。

通过一维粒子模拟研究了利用相对论少周期强激光与固体密度等离子体表面相互作用实现单个孤立阿秒光脉冲产生的参数条件。主要研究描述相互作用的多维参数，如激光强度、入射角和等离子体标尺长度等，对相对论高次谐波能量转换效率和孤立阿秒光脉冲分离度的影响。研究发现，虽然激光等离子体参数对阿秒光脉冲产生的影响是复杂的，但是存在着能够实现大能量孤立阿秒光脉冲的最佳等离子体标尺长度和最佳入射角。当其他相互作用条件确定时，使用中等强度的相对论强激光可以在较宽的参数范围内实现孤立的阿秒光脉冲。大角度入射时，孤立阿秒光脉冲的分离度较高，能够实现孤立阿秒光脉冲的相互作用参数范围也较宽。The generation of single isolated attosecond light pulses from the interaction of relativistic few-cycle lasers with solid density plasma surfaces is investigated using one dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The primary subject of the study is the effects of the multi-parameter combinations which uniquely define the laser plasma interactions, on the laser to relativistic high-order harmonic energy conversion efficiencies, and also on the single attosecond light pulse isolation degrees. Here these multi-parameters include laser intensities, incidence angles, plasma scale lengths, etc. The impact of laser-plasma interaction parameters on attosecond light pulse generations is generally complicated. However, there exist an optimal plasma scale length and an optimal incidence angle to efficiently generate high-order harmonics and intense attosecond light pulses. When other parameters are fixed, a moderately intense relativistic laser is more advantageous to realize isolated attosecond light pulses with a broad controlling parameters range. And a larger incidence angle favors a higher isolation degree as well as a broader range of controlling parameters towards the generation of intense isolated attosecond light pulses. Copyright © 2022 High Power Laser and Particle Beams. All rights reserved.

资源耗竭和环境污染已经成为中国可持续发展的严重制约，特别是雾霾等环境问题的大面积集中爆发，更是将这一问题摆在了公众和政府的面前。但是，对于中国这样的发展中大国，“发展是第一要务”，因为解决十三亿人口的吃饭和就业问题都离不开经济较快增长。如何在稳增长、资源节约、环境友好这三者之间的权衡取舍是政府面临的难题。因此，对于中国社会经济的可持续发展，关键是在兼顾经济增长的同时尽可能实现资源节约和环境改善。这就需要实现绿色经济增长的转型。 另一方面，气候目标成为中国经济发展的约束条件。在2014年11月的中美联合声明中，中国首次提出“计划2030年左右二氧化碳排放达到峰值且将努力早日达峰”，这是中国政府. ; Resource depletion and environmental degradation have become big challenges for China's sustainable development. In particular, as the terrible haze appeared in large areas of China, resources and environmental constraints become an unavoidable problem. However, as the largest developing county with over 1.3 billion people, economic development is the first priority, which is the requirement of em. ; 学位：经济学博士 ; 院系专业：经济学院_能源经济学 ; 学号：31320120153666

2002-2003 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journal ; Version of Record ; Published

1，3-丙二醇（1，3-PD）是一种重要的化工原料，具有广泛的应用领域。发酵法生产1，3-PD以利用可再生资源等优点日益受到重视。大部分研究以纯甘油为底物，成本高，如果以粗甘油为底物，可大大降低生产成本。 本论文的研究目的是以粗甘油为底物，以Clostridiumbutyricum（丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌）为生产菌株，通过厌氧发酵生产1，3-PD，在粗甘油预处理、提高菌体浓度、提高单位菌体生产能力、延长发酵周期和建立动力学模型这几个方面进行了研究，主要结果如下： （1）分批发酵结果表明粗甘油对发酵有明显的抑制作用。用粉状活性炭对粗甘油进行吸附预处理可显著降低抑制作用。通过均匀设计对预处理条件进行. ; 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PD) is an important chemicals with wide range of applications. Microbial production of 1,3-PD has attracted wide attentions in that it uses renewable resources. Most studies were done using pure glycerol and its cost was high. The cost could be reduced if raw glycerol is used. In this paper, raw glycerol was used for 1,3-PD fermentation by Clostridium butyricum under anaerobi. ; 学位：工学博士 ; 院系专业：化学化工学院_工业催化 ; 学号：20620090153293

为了研究碱性木质素对玉米秸秆成型特性的影响及其软化黏结作用,以玉米秸秆为原料进行压缩成型,考察添加碱性木质素对成型效果的影响。结果表明：碱性木质素能够促进成型,改善成型效果,当添加量由0提高到20%时,玉米秸秆成型颗粒的松弛密度由1 005 kg/m3增大到1 157 kg/m3,径向最大抗压力由1 353 N增大到1 930 N。采用DSC对玉米秸秆和碱性木质素的热转变特征温度进行了研究,结果表明：玉米秸秆和碱性木质素的玻璃态转变温度分别在92.5~103℃、61~137℃之间；在玻璃态转变过程中,100℃时存在比能耗最低点；100~130℃为碱性木质素起较好黏结作用的温度范围。采用SEM对颗粒微观形态进行观察,发现碱性木质素发生玻璃态转变后在颗粒内部能够形成“局部熔融”和“机械互锁”两种结合形式,适合的碱性木质素添加量为10%~15%。

伴随着城镇建设，高楼大厦不断涌现，电梯数量急剧增加，电梯能耗越来越受到公众的关注。目前，电梯能效测试方法与评定标准的研究还处于探索阶段。能耗的影响因素分析不深入，电梯能耗的算法不精准，能效测量及评价的方法和标准不统一。至今还未出台有关电梯能耗的检测方法和能效评定的国家标准。我国也出台了相关规定和政策，鼓励电梯节能技术的研究、开发、推广。因此建立一套合理、科学的电梯能耗检测方法和能效评定标准成为目前函待解决的问题之一。 本文结合曳引式电梯工作原理，研究了曳引形式、驱动方式、平衡系数、速度、加速度、行程、载荷等参数对曳引电梯能耗的影响及程度，对比分析了国内外曳引式电梯采用的各种能效评价指标、能耗. ; With the construction of urban high-rise buildings, high-rise buildings continue to emerge, the number of elevators increases dramatically, development and promotion. At present, the research of elevator energy efficiency testing method and evaluation standard is still in the exploratory stage. The analysis of the influencing factors of energy consumption is not in-depth, the algorithm of elevator. ; 学位：工程硕士 ; 院系专业：航空航天学院_工程硕士(控制工程) ; 学号：X2009223025

随着人类社会的快速发展和传统能源的急剧消耗，能源紧缺和环境污染已经成为制约人类社会可持续发展的重要因素，构建清洁的环境友好的可再生新能源体系是当前各国高度关注的焦点和重大战略.在众多绿色环保、可持续新能源选项中，半导体光催化制氢因其可利用清洁可再生的太阳能制取高效清洁氢能，有望完全解决能源紧缺和环境污染问题，成为最有应用前景的技术之一. 本文通过概述半导体光催化制氢原理、半导体光电化学及光电稳定性、半导体光催化制氢效率，重点介绍半导体光催化剂、光生电荷分离及光催化制氢体系等方面若干新进展，并对太阳能光催化制氢技术的发展加以评述和展望. ; With the rapid development of human society and dramatically consumption of traditional energy, energy shortage and environmental pollution have become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of human society. At present, the development of clean and environmentally friendly renewable energy system has drawn much attention and becomes an important priority stratagem in the world. In many green and sustainable new energy projects, semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen production technology which utilizes the available clean and renewable solar energy to prepare clean hydrogen energy is excepted to solve the crisis of energy shortage and environmental pollution, has become one of the most promising applied technology for the world. This paper reviews briefly semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen production technology by introducing principles of photocatalytic water splitting, photoelectrochemistry of semiconductors and semiconductor electrode stability and photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency. Some recent advances in semiconductor photocatalyst, photogenerated charge separation and photocatalytic hydrogen production system are highlighted. The existing problems and further development in this field are also proposed. The development of solar photocatalytic hydrogen production technology is commented and prospected. ; 国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21621091）和福建省自然科学基金（No.2017J01023）资助 ; 作者联系地址：固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室, 厦门大学化学化工学院化学系， 福建 厦门 361005 ; Author's Address: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China ; 通讯作者E-mail：cjlin@xmu.edu.cn, sunlan@xmu.edu.cn

在全球化石能源枯竭和气候变暖的背景下，每个国家必须肩负起节能减排的历史责任和使命。中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家，其能源消耗量和碳排放量一直居于世界前列。为了适应国际社会和自身经济发展的现实需求，应对能源资源日益紧缺、环境问题愈发凸显的严峻形势，有效实施节能降耗和提高能源效率的国家战略势在必行。传统上，理论界与政策研究领域对于能源环境治理的研究主要集中在高污染高耗能行业，如钢铁、石油化工等。随着新一轮应对气候变化公约的达成，节能减排政策的部署与落实需要更广泛的合作与更深层次的行业动员。本文选择国民经济的支柱产业-纺织业作为研究对象，促使研究视角从高污染高耗能行业逐步向全行业口径覆盖，具有重要的. ; In the context of global fossil energy depletion and climate warming, each country must shoulder its historical responsibility and take part in the mission to conserve energy and reduce emissions. With China being the largest developing country in the world, its energy consumption and carbon emissions have been at the global forefront. To meet both the needs of the international community and Chin. ; 学位：经济学博士 ; 院系专业：能源学院_能源经济学 ; 学号：32420130154021

LED将在本世纪全球范围内快速发展成为主流照明光源。LED是冷光源,热量不能以红外线的形式辐射出来,而聚集在灯具内,可以利用这个特性很好地利用LED灯具热量。提出采用热泵技术与LED相结合进行光热的同时综合利用,这样LED消耗的电能将充分被利用。同时以高杆灯为实例进行了相关实验,分析了冷却水流量和LED灯具功率等参数对系统性能的影响。实验结果表明：与热泵相结合后,大功率LED灯具能够起到很好的节能效果,能源得以充分利用,为后续的产品开发起到指导作用。