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Oskarshamn is one of the municipalities being discussed as a possible site for disposal of nuclear waste from the Swedish nuclear power plants, and there has been inquiries made for a pilot study in the area. In view of this the local council of Oskarshamn appointed a ´Youth team´, consisting of ten young politicians from all political parties represented in the local council. The aim of the team was to inform and create debate among adolescents about how to store the radioactive waste from nuclear power plants. The purpose of this survey, addressed to young people in Oskarshamn, was to shed light on their opinion towards a pilot study and possible disposal of nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. The respondents had to answer questions about their opinion on the use of nuclear power in Sweden, if they believed nuclear power to be abolished by year 2010, and about their general interest in issues concerning energy and nuclear power. Other questions concerned risks associated with nuclear power, the influence different groups have/ought to have when it comes to disposal of nuclear waste, and if the respondent would accept a decision to dispose nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. A number of questions dealt with the suggested pilot study; if the respondent was for or against a pilot study; who should decide about the pilot study; if there had been enough information about the study; and if the respondent had attended any meeting, signed any petition, contacted any politician, contacted or participated in mass media, or tried to influence anyone´s opinion on any issue concerning the pilot study. The respondents also had to state the issues they considered to be important to study in a pilot study. Furthermore the respondents had to give their opinion about a number of risks discussed in connection with disposal of nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. Other questions concerned the influence on job opportunities and tourism. Demographic items include age, gender, marital status, children, education, occupation, and trade union membership. Oskarshamn is one of the municipalities being discussed as a possible site for disposal of nuclear waste from the Swedish nuclear power plants, and there has been inquiries made for a pilot study in the area. In view of this the local council of Oskarshamn appointed a 'Youth team', consisting of ten young politicians from all political parties represented in the local council. The aim of the team was to inform and create debate among adolescents about how to store the radioactive waste from nuclear power plants. The purpose of this survey, addressed to young people in Oskarshamn, was to shed light on their opinion towards a pilot study and possible disposal of nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. The respondents had to answer questions about their opinion on the use of nuclear power in Sweden, if they believed nuclear power to be abolished by year 2010, and about their general interest in issues concerning energy and nuclear power. Other questions concerned risks associated with nuclear power, the influence different groups have/ought to have when it comes to disposal of nuclear waste, and if the respondent would accept a decision to dispose nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. A number of questions dealt with the suggested pilot study; if the respondent was for or against a pilot study; who should decide about the pilot study; if there had been enough information about the study; and if the respondent had attended any meeting, signed any petition, contacted any politician, contacted or participated in mass media, or tried to influence anyone's opinion on any issue concerning the pilot study. The respondents also had to state the issues they considered to be important to study in a pilot study. Furthermore the respondents had to give their opinion about a number of risks discussed in connection with disposal of nuclear waste in Oskarshamn. Other questions concerned the influence on job opportunities and tourism. Demographic items include age, gender, marital status, children, education, occupation, and trade union membership.

Studien syftar till att undersöka klimatmedvetenhet i relation till matvanor hos en grupp unga svenska vuxna, och att undersöka dess samband med fysisk aktivitetsnivå och kön. Följande forskningsfrågor ställdes: Hur kan sambandet mellan matvanor, aktivitetsnivåer och kön förstås i termer av energiintag, koldioxidavtryck och proteinkällor? Hur påverkar olika aspekter av matvanor koldioxidavtrycket? Hur beaktas hållbarhet inom ramen för matvanor? Denna studie använde en mixed-method-ansats som kombinerade intervjuer och data från projektet Measuring Energy Expenditure and Dietary Intake at Different Activity Levels (MEDAL). En sju dagars matregistrering gav detaljerade insikter i deltagarnas matintag med fokus på proteinkällor och koldioxidavtryck (CO2e). Deltagare i åldrarna 18-40 rekryterades från Göteborgs universitet och lokala idrottsklubbar mellan oktober 2020 och april 2021. De delades in i två grupper baserat på deras fysiska aktivitetsnivåer, enligt WHO riktlinjer. Datainsamlingen inkluderade semistrukturerade intervjuer och en sju dagars matregistrering med hjälp av onlineverktyget Nutrition Data. Energiförbrukning i vila mättes med indirekt kalorimetri. Intervjuerna undersökte matköpsvanor, kostpreferenser och klimatpåverkan utan att direkt informera deltagarna om klimatfokuset för att undvika bias. Kvantitativa data analyserades med statistiska tester, medan kvalitativa insikter triangulerades med kostregistreringarna för att bedöma eventuellt klimatmedvetna och hållbara matvanor. Analysen guidades av social praktik teori, med fokus på samspelet mellan deltagarnas attityder och beteenden. Statistisk analys genomfördes med SPSS, och signifikanta resultat bestämdes med ett p-värde på 0,05 eller lägre. This study employed a mixed-method approach combining interviews and data from the Measuring Energy Expenditure and Dietary Intake at Different Activity Levels (MEDAL) project. A seven-day food record provided detailed insights into participants' food intake, focusing on protein sources and carbon footprint (CO2e). Participants, aged 18-40, were recruited from Gothenburg University and local sports clubs between October 2020 and April 2021. They were divided into two groups based on their physical activity levels, following WHO guidelines. Data collection included semi-structured interviews and a seven-day food record using the Nutrition Data online tool. Resting energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry. The interviews explored food shopping habits, dietary preferences, and climate impact considerations without directly informing participants of the climate focus to avoid bias. Quantitative data were analyzed with statistical tests, while qualitative insights were triangulated with food records to assess climate-conscious and sustainable food consumption practices. The analysis was guided by social practice theory, focusing on the interplay between participants' attitudes and behaviors. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, and significant findings were determined with a p-value of 0.05 or lower.

I studiet av kärnkraftsfrågan i valet 1976 ingår två undersökningar, dels en intervjuundersökning av väljarna - Väljarna och kärnkraften - dels föreliggande undersökning som är en innehållsanalys av energidebatten i massmedia. Datainsamlingen innefattar en systematisk genomgång av 20 dagstidningar under fem veckor hösten 1976. Totalt registrerades 2807 ledare, nyhetsartiklar, insändare, annonser, krönikor m.m. som innehöll stoff kring kärnkraften eller energiproblemen i allmänhet. Enkätens kvalitet har prövats - bortfallens jämnhet mot tillgängliga registerdata och föregående enkäters karakteristika, svarens inbördes logik och fullständighet. Statistisk vägning har utförts för mindre över- och underrepresentation av befolkningsgrupper i ett 48-cellersmönster. This study was conducted in connection with the 1976 election study in order to study how the question of nuclear power has been handled by the press. Twenty daily newspapers were analysed during five weeks in the autumn 1976. The papers analysed were chosen after their political preferences in order to represent the different views of the major political parties. The study includes 2807 editorials, articles, advertisements and other materials containing views on the use of nuclear power.

Valundersökningen 1976 är den sjunde riksomfattande studien i serien undersökningar kring partival, valdeltagande och politisk opinionsbildning inom den svenska valmanskåren i samband med ett riksdagsval. Denna undersökninga genomfördes i samarbete mellan statsvetenskapliga institutionen vid Uppsala universitet och statistiska centralbyrån. 1976 års undersökning är den första valundersökning som täcker kärnkraftsfrågan, ett ämne som under många år var en av de centrala politiska frågorna i Sverige. Undersökningen innehåller ett stort antal frågor om hur olika samhällsgrupper behandlas av de olika politiska partierna. Den innehåller även ett antal frågor om olika gruppers och organisationers inflytande i samhället. I samband med 1976 års undersökning introducerades ett antal frågor som sedan ställts i samtliga, eller nästan samtliga, valundersökningar som genomförts därefter. Dessa frågor behandlar respondentens inställning till en rad ämnen såsom, daghem, pornografi, förstatligande, militärutgifter, företagsamhet och skatter. Syfte: Förklara varför väljare röstar som de gör och varför val slutar som de gör. Spåra och följa trender i svensk valdemokrati och göra jämförelser med utvecklingen i andra länder. This study is part of the collection of Swedish election studies fielded continuously since 1956. The 1976 study was the first election study to cover the nuclear power issue, an issue which for many years became one of the central political issues in Sweden. This study also includes a large number of questions on how different groups in society are treated by different political parties, it also includes a number of questions on different groups´ and organizations´ influence in society. This study introduces a number of questions, asked in all or nearly all of the election studies since then, about the respondent´s opinion on different issues such as day-care centers, pornography, socialization, defence expenditures, private enterprise, and taxes. Purpose: Explain why people vote as they do and why an election ends in a particular way. Track and follow trends in the Swedish electoral democracy and make comparisons with other countries.

Abstract With drastic fossil fuel depletion and environmental deterioration concerns, a move towards a more sustainable bioenergy-based economy is essential. Lately, the application of microwave (MW) irradiation for waste processing has been attracting interest globally. MW-assisted heating possesses several advantages such as the provision of high microwave energy into dielectric materials with deeper penetration for internal heat generation, showing beneficial features in improving the heating rate and reducing the reaction time. Consequently, the most recent literature regarding the applications of MW-assisted heating for biomass pretreatment as well as biofuel and bioenergy production was reviewed and consolidated in this study. An impressive increase in the product yield and improvement of the product properties are reported, with the use of MW-assisted heating in several conversion routes to produce biofuels. Despite being a promising technology for biofuel production, some major fundamental data of MW-assisted heating have not been comprehensively identified. Therefore, the feasibility of this technology for large-scale implementation is still subpar. Understanding the interaction between the feedstock and the microwave electromagnetic field, and the optimization of several operational and mechanical parameters are the two main keystones that would propel the industrialization of MW heating in the near future. This provides key insights leading to increased feasibility and more advanced application of MW heating.

Synopsis Climate change can directly and indirectly affect species distribution. Warming may allow for invasive species, such as apple snails, to migrate to higher latitudes where temperatures are more conducive to their survival and invasion success. Higher temperatures and lower pH ranges have been previously documented to affect the form and function of calcium carbonate shells, which serve many functions, including protection from predators and thermoregulation. This study aimed to quantify differences in the morphology and mechanical properties of invasive apple snail, Pomacea maculata, shells after altering temperature and pH. We mechanically tested shells among three five-week treatments: control, higher temperature, and lower pH. Ultimate Strength increased in shells that were exposed to higher temperatures, but Young’s Modulus and Peak Load did not differ among control, temperature, and pH treatments. Apple snails in higher temperature tanks increased their shell length over the five-week trials. Although snail morphometrics did not differ between sexes, male shells exhibited a higher Peak Load, Young’s Modulus, and Ultimate Strength compared to female shells. Our findings are consistent with previous gastropod studies, in that a lower pH is associated with a decrease in shell size, and higher temperatures yield larger snail shells with a higher ultimate strength. Peak Load did not significantly differ among treatments, which suggests that the cross-sectional area is relatively important when considering this species mechanical performance today and in future climates. Due to the intense nutritional and calcium demands of egg production, female snails may be more susceptible to weakened shells due to low pH environments caused by climate change.

The International Building Physics Toolbox (IBPT) is a software library developed originally for heat, air and moisture system analysis in building physics. The toolbox is constructed as a modular structure of standard building elements, using the graphical programming language Simulink. To enable development of the toolbox, a common modelling platform is defined: a set of unique communication signals, material database and documentation protocol. The IBPT is an open source and available on the Internet. Any user can utilize, expand and develop the contents of the toolbox. This paper presents structure and essence of the library. Potential applications of the toolbox are illustrated through examples. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

AbstractEarthworms may promote the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, but the mechanism through which they exert such influence is still unknown. To determine if the stimulation of PAH degradation by earthworms is related to changes in microbial communities, a microcosm experiment was conducted consisting of columns with natural uncontaminated soil covered with PAH‐contaminated dredge sediment. Columns without and with low and high Eisenia andrei densities were prepared. Organic matter and PAH content, microbial biomass, and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were measured in soil and sediment over time. Biolog Ecoplate™ and polymerase chain reaction using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were used to evaluate changes in metabolic and structural diversity of the microbial community, respectively. Earthworm activity promoted PAH degradation in soil, which was significant for biphenyl, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[e]pyrene. Microbial biomass and DHA activity generally did not change over the experiment. Earthworm activity did change microbial community structure, but this did not affect its functioning in terms of carbon substrate consumption. Results suggest no relationship between changes in the microbial community by earthworm activity and increased PAH disappearance. The role of shifts in soil microbial community structure induced by earthworms in PAH removal needs further investigation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:794–803. © 2011 SETAC

The static series compensator (SSC) has shown a significant capability to mitigate voltage dips, which are the most severe problem to sensitive loads. Also, it has been declared that the function of the SSC can be extended to work as a series active filter. This work proposes a moving-average filter to detect the fundamental component of the measured voltages and currents (needed to control the SSC) while using a double vector control algorithm to improve the transient performance of the SSC. This is made in order to accurately control the fundamental voltage component at the load terminals in the case of distorted grid voltage. Furthermore, a selective harmonic compensation strategy is applied to filter out the grid harmonics. The operation of the SSC under distorted utility conditions and voltage dips is discussed. The validity of the proposed controller is verified by experiments, carried out on a 10-kV SSC laboratory setup. Experimental results have shown the ability of the SSC to mitigate voltage dips and harmonics. It is also shown that the proposed controller has improved the transient performance of the SSC even under distorted utility conditions.

Searching suitable panchromatic QD sensitizers for expanding the light-harvesting range, accelerating charge separation, and retarding charge recombination is an effective way to improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). One possible way to obtain a wide absorption range is to use the exciplex state of a type-II core/shell-structured QDs. In addition, this system could also provide a fast charge separation and low charge-recombination rate. Herein, we report on using a CdTe/CdSe type-II core/shell QD sensitizer with an absorption range extending into the infrared region because of its exciplex state, which is covalently linked to TiO2 mesoporous electrodes by dropping a bifunctional linker molecule mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-capped QD aqueous solution onto the film electrode. High loading and a uniform distribution of QD sensitizer throughout the film electrode thickness have been confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mapping. The accelerated electron injection and retarded charge-recombination pathway in the built CdTe/CdSe QD cells in comparison with reference CdSe QD-based cells have been confirmed by impedance spectroscopy, fluorescence decay, and intensity-modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy (IMPS/IMVS) analysis. With the combination of the high QD loading and intrinsically superior optoelectronic properties of type-II core/shell QD (wide absorption range, fast charge separation, and slow charge recombination), the resulting CdTe/CdSe QD-based regenerative sandwich solar cells exhibit a record PCE of 6.76% (J(sc) = 19.59 mA cm(-2), V(oc) = 0.606 V, and FF = 0.569) with a mask around the active film under a full 1 sun illumination (simulated AM 1.5), which is the highest reported to date for liquid-junction QDSCs.