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Large-scale reforestation can potentially bring both benefits and risks to the water cycle, which needs to be better quantified under future climates to inform reforestation decisions. We identified 477 water-insecure basins worldwide accounting for 44.6% (380.2 Mha) of the global reforestation potential. As many of these basins are in the Asia-Pacific, we used regional coupled land-climate modelling for the period 2041–2070 to reveal that reforestation increases evapotranspiration and precipitation for most water-insecure regions over the Asia-Pacific. This resulted in a statistically significant increase in water yield (p < 0.05) for the Loess Plateau-North China Plain, Yangtze Plain, Southeast China and Irrawaddy regions. Precipitation feedback was influenced by the degree of initial moisture limitation affecting soil moisture response and thus evapotranspiration, as well as precipitation advection from other reforested regions and moisture transport away from the local region. Reforestation also reduces the probability of extremely dry months in most of the water-insecure regions. However, some regions experience non-significant declines in net water yield due to heightened evapotranspiration outstripping increases in precipitation, or declines in soil moisture and advected precipitation. This dataset contains raw data outputs for Teo et al. (2022), Global Change Biology. Please see the published paper for further details on methods. For enquiries, please contact the corresponding authors: hcteo [at] u.nus.edu or lianpinkoh [at] nus.edu.sg.  Shapefiles can be opened with any GIS program such as ArcMap or QGIS. CSV files can be opened with any spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel or OpenOffice.

With the rising environmental problems there are international movements towards sustainability and greening the built environments in order to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of buildings and human activities on environment and human health. This paper presents a range of K-12 Green Schools that were intentionally designed to utilize school building as a 3D-text book for Environmental Education (EE). The aim of this paper is to examine the methods and strategies of designing green school as a teaching tool through case study analysis of the selected schools. The cases provide a diversity of geographic locations, climates, green strategies and coasts. The research depends on the descriptive analytical approach for literature review; multiple-case study analysis to investigate the attributes of green schools that teach. The results revealed a set of approaches for utilizing green schools as a 3D-textbook for EE EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 39 (2020)

The need for plastic solutions has increased as a result of the expansion in the usage of plastic-based items, adding pressure to the waste management system. The use of plastics derived from petroleum, which significantly harm the environment, is being reduced with great interest. Substituting biodegradable plastic made from natural resources such as unprocessed agricultural waste, aquatic life, and even microbes for traditional plastics made through the petrochemical process is one way to address the problems. The worldwide bioplastics and biopolymer targets are the focus of all these initiatives. The focus of this study is on the sea grape, or Caulerpa lentillifera. The Caulerpa lentillifera plant, which is widely distributed along Sabah's east coast and in the Malacca Strait and is significant economically in Malaysia, was also mentioned. It possesses antibacterial qualities and is found in abundance there. The goal of the innovation project is to create biodegradable plastic from Caulerpa lentillifera and test the anti-microbial capabilities of the plastic. It is anticipated that this novel product will benefit society and have a high likelihood of being commercialized. Due to its remarkable biodegradability, the use of biodegradable plastic has recently become more popular. It is very simple to stretch and can lessen the environmental impact because it does not release carbon dioxide. Additionally, it does not produce a lot of hazardous emissions and has the potential to biodegrade into a natural component that blends into the soil. Additionally, biodegradable packaging has found use in several industries such as consumer goods and medical technology. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations, particularly SDG 14 which focuses on the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, are also in line with this unique idea.

Sustainability concept in agriculture is becoming widespread throughout industries in many fields even in crop production, livestock production and etc. Sustainable in agriculture is believed can give present and future good benefit to the farmers and society. However, in dairy sector in Malaysia, the sustainability concepts and practices seems not fully aware by the farmers which result in low self- sufficiency level in milk production. The self-sufficiency level in Malaysia is merely 6% and this lead to the urgency of importing more milk from other countries such as Australia, Holland and others. This study attempts to describe the descriptive thoughts on sustainability among Malaysian dairy farmers as well as describing the socio economic characteristics of the dairy farmers which will be the indicator of adoption of sustainability practices among dairy farmers. The preliminary data was collected using questionnaires through conducting face to face interviews with 50 dairy farmers from Johor. The Likert- type scale was employed to determine the practices that adopted by the dairy farmers. The gathered data was analysed using SPSS. The findings indicated that the dairy farmers had a higher understanding about the farm sustainability aspect which gives the highest mean score of 4.41. The second highest mean score is the ecological aspect which is about 4.13. The mean score for economic aspect shows the mean score about 4.00. The social aspect of sustainability revealed the lowest mean score which was about 3.46. The results indicated that the farmers favour sustainable practice is farm sustainability system. Sustainability in dairy farming sector in Malaysia can be achieved if the three elements of sustainability which is environmental, economic and social aspect were implemented and adopted in this sector.

Suggested citation: Pörtner, H.O., Scholes, R.J., Agard, J., Archer, E., Arneth, A., Bai, X., Barnes, D., Burrows, M., Chan, L., Cheung, W.L., Diamond, S., Donatti, C., Duarte, C., Eisenhauer, N., Foden, W., Gasalla, M. A., Handa, C., Hickler, T., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Ichii, K., Jacob, U., Insarov, G., Kiessling, W., Leadley, P., Leemans, R., Levin, L., Lim, M., Maharaj, S., Managi, S., Marquet, P. A., McElwee, P., Midgley, G., Oberdorff, T., Obura, D., Osman, E., Pandit, R., Pascual, U., Pires, A. P. F., Popp, A., Reyes-García, V., Sankaran, M., Settele, J., Shin, Y. J., Sintayehu, D. W., Smith, P., Steiner, N., Strassburg, B., Sukumar, R., Trisos, C., Val, A.L., Wu, J., Aldrian, E., Parmesan, C., Pichs-Madruga, R., Roberts, D.C., Rogers, A.D., Díaz, S., Fischer, M., Hashimoto, S., Lavorel, S., Wu, N., Ngo, H.T. 2021. IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop report on biodiversity and climate change; IPBES and IPCC, DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4782538 This report presents the main conclusions of the first-ever IPCC-IPBES co-sponsored workshop which took place in December 2020. The workshop explored diverse facets of the interaction between climate and biodiversity, from current trends to the role and implementation of nature-based solutions and the sustainable development of human society. This report is underpinned by the Scientific Outcome, which includes seven sections, the complete references and the report glossary. You can find the Scientific Outcome here https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4659158

This study delves into the intricate relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and crucial variables in Europe and Central Asia from 1990-2021. By examining the impact of renewable energy, industry value added, foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and population density on CO2 emissions using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, the study uncovers intriguing findings. The study reveals a significant negative correlation between linear per capita income and CO2 emissions in both the short and long run. Moreover, it confirms the inverted N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between the variables. The study further highlights the unfavorable impact of renewable energy and industry value added on CO2 emissions, pointing to the fact that their growth increases CO2 emissions. On the other hand, population density is found to be a vital factor in reducing CO2 emissions. FDI is identified to have a negative and insignificant impact on CO2 emissions, suggesting that it may not be an effective tool for reducing carbon emissions in the region. The insights from this study have significant implications for policymakers in the region to design and implement effective strategies to reduce CO2 emissions.

This paper investigated the impact of velocity variation in wide streets. The building AR (Aspect Ratio) (Street-canyon-width-to-building-height i.e. W/H) has been calculated by varying the width of street canyon. The k-? turbulence model was applied to ideal street canyons of aspect ratio 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 while the wind speed was varied from 0.5 to 4.0 m/s. The street canyon aspect ratio 1.0 was obtained by increasing the width of the street two times (i.e. W=1) as much as for AR0.5 (i.e. W=0.5). However, different results obtained from AR1 were compared with AR0.5 to analyze the impact of wide streets. Results show that the temperatures reduce with an increase in ambient wind speed. However, the impact of ambient wind speed was comparatively higher in narrow street canyons since temperature reduced by over 1.4 K with an increase of 3.5 m/s in ambient wind speed. On the other hand, in the case of AR1.0 the area weighted average temperature reduced by 1.3 K with an increase of 3.5 m/s in ambient wind speed. It is found that removing heat from narrower street canyons is comparatively difficult. Results show that the temperatures within the target street canyon of AR0.5 with ambient wind speed of 0.5 m/s were around 0.71 K higher than that in AR1.