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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid R. Hildner;
    R. Hildner
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    R. Hildner in OpenAIRE
    orcid D. Brinks;
    D. Brinks
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    D. Brinks in OpenAIRE
    orcid J. B. Nieder;
    J. B. Nieder
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    J. B. Nieder in OpenAIRE
    R. J. Cogdell; +1 Authors

    Coherence in Photosynthesis It is unclear how energy absorbed by pigments in antenna proteins is transferred to the central site of chemical catalysis during photosynthesis. Hildner et al. (p. 1448 ) observed coherence—prolonged persistence of a quantum mechanical phase relationship—at the single-molecule level in light-harvesting complexes from purple bacteria. The results bolster conclusions from past ensemble measurements that coherence plays a pivotal role in photosynthetic energy transfer. Hayes et al. (p. 1431 , published online 18 April) examined a series of small molecules comprised of bridged chromophores that also manifest prolonged coherence.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Sciencearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Science
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    Science
    Article . 2013
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Sciencearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Science
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2013
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: VERDECCHIA, ANDREA; orcid BRUNELLI, DAVIDE;
    BRUNELLI, DAVIDE
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    BRUNELLI, DAVIDE in OpenAIRE
    orcid TINTI, FRANCESCO;
    TINTI, FRANCESCO
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    TINTI, FRANCESCO in OpenAIRE
    orcid BARBARESI, ALBERTO;
    BARBARESI, ALBERTO
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    BARBARESI, ALBERTO in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    Shallow Geothermal Systems (SGS) are widely used to provide low-cost heating and cooling of residential and commercial buildings. SGS can be an economically-viable solution even for commercial buildings, where controlled temperature is fundamental for the production processes. To assess the thermal resistance of the soil and the performance of a SGS, Thermal Response Tests (TRT) must be performed. TRT machines are today designed mainly for short term monitoring, for relatively deep SGS (up to 200 m) and for being used by expert operators. Lightweight, low-cost machines for both fast and long term, reliable and unattended TRT for very Shallow Geothermal Systems (vSGS) are not available today. This paper describes the design of a micro-TRT machine (mTRT) for vSGS, which is gaining interest in the civil engineering, environmental, energy and food chain sectors. The paper describes the features of the wireless monitoring system, the design choices to achieve the required accuracy and the software developed for adding remote control capability. Experimental validation in a real test field demonstrates the quality of measurements collected for analysing the TRT data.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS - Institutional...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.1109/eesms....
    Conference object . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Mäkelä, Mikko;
    Mäkelä, Mikko
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Mäkelä, Mikko in OpenAIRE
    orcid Benavente Domenech, Verónica;
    Benavente Domenech, Verónica
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Benavente Domenech, Verónica in OpenAIRE
    orcid Fullana, Andres;
    Fullana, Andres
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Fullana, Andres in OpenAIRE

    Although hydrothermal carbonization of biomass components is known to be mainly governed by reaction temperature, consistent reports on the effect and statistical significance of process conditions on hydrochar properties are still lacking. The objective of this research was to determine the importance and significance of reaction temperature, retention time and solid load on the properties of hydrochar produced from an industrial lignocellulosic sludge residue. According to the results, reaction temperature and retention time had a statistically significant effect on hydrochar ash content, solid yield, carbon content, O/C-ratio, energy densification and energy yield as reactor solid load was statistically insignificant for all acquired models within the design range. Although statistically significant, the effect of retention time was 3-7 times lower than that of reaction temperature. Predicted dry ash-free solid yields of attained hydrochar decreased to approximately 40% due to the dissolution of biomass components at higher reaction temperatures, as respective oxygen contents were comparable to subbituminous coal. Significant increases in the carbon contents of hydrochar led to predicted energy densification ratios of 1-1.5 with respective energy yields of 60-100%. Estimated theoretical energy requirements of carbonization were dependent on the literature method used and mainly controlled by reaction temperature and reactor solid load. The attained results enable future prediction of hydrochar properties from this feedstock and help to understand the effect of process conditions on hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositorio Instituc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Repositorio Instituc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid ZAGO, MATTEO;
    ZAGO, MATTEO
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    ZAGO, MATTEO in OpenAIRE
    orcid CASALEGNO, ANDREA;
    CASALEGNO, ANDREA
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    CASALEGNO, ANDREA in OpenAIRE
    orcid C. Santoro;
    C. Santoro
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    C. Santoro in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw MARCHESI, RENZO;
    MARCHESI, RENZO
    ORCID
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    MARCHESI, RENZO in OpenAIRE

    Abstract Water transport control is the major issue of direct methanol fuel cell. High water flow rates through the fuel cell imply extra water feeding at the anode and flooding at the cathode. In the present work, water transport and flooding in the direct methanol fuel cell are investigated through both experimental and modeling analyses and an interpretation of such phenomena is proposed. The model is validated on the experimental data of two different fuel cells in an extensive range of operating conditions. The analysis elucidates that water transport through the cathode diffusion layer is determined by vapor diffusion, slightly affected by current density, and by liquid water permeation proportional to current density, that occurs when liquid pressure in the electrode exceeds a threshold value. To simulate the effects of cathode diffusion layer flooding two mechanisms must be considered simultaneously: superficial pore obstruction, proportional to liquid water concentration in cathode channel, and bulk pore obstruction, proportional to liquid water permeation. The modeling analysis proposes the correlations to reproduce the effects of cathode flooding and permits to discuss the onset and magnitude of such phenomenon and the influence of micro-porous layer.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao BOA - Bicocca Open A...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Power Sources
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Belgiorno; G.; Dimitrakopoulos; N.; +8 Authors

    A design of experiments analysis was performed to investigate the effects of pilot quantity, combustion phasing and exhaust gas recirculation on performance and emissions in a gasoline partially premixed combustion to find out the optimal combination of the all varied parameters. The experimental activities were performed on a light-duty Volvo Euro 6 diesel engine. The test was performed under steady-state operating conditions, nine test points were chosen inside the operating area of the New European Driving Cycle and the Worldwide Harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycles. A fractional factorial analysis in partially premixed combustion on the single and combined effect of the main engine calibration parameters and a global comparison between partially premixed combustion and conventional diesel combustion on the engine performance and emissions adopting the optimal calibration parameters obtained from design of experiments analysis for both combustion modes analysed were presented. The purpose was to obtain the calibration parameters setting that permits to achieve high efficiency and low emissions as well. The partially premixed combustion results show the highest efficiency and lowest NOx emissions adopting a high exhaust gas recirculation rate combined with advanced combustion phasing and lower pilot quantity. Higher efficiency, up to 2.0% units, was obtained in partially premixed combustion with respect to the conventional diesel combustion due to the lower heat transfer loss. Lower soot (about two times) and NOx (about -0.5 g/kWh) levels with partially premixed combustion were obtained and compared to conventional diesel combustion at the same exhaust gas recirculation level. A reduction of about 5% of CO2 and fuel consumption with a 50% of reduction on NOx and soot simultaneously were obtained for partially premixed combustion on the New European Driving Cycle estimation results with respect to the diesel combustion. The information derived from this work are useful to develop and calibrate a light-duty engine that operate in gasoline partially premixed combustion mode achieving NOx close to the Euro 6 limit without adopting any after treatment system.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao CNR ExploRAarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2018
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IRIS Cnr
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: IRIS Cnr
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao CNR ExploRAarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      CNR ExploRA
      Article . 2018
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Article . 2018
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Santos, Sérgio F.;
    Santos, Sérgio F.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Santos, Sérgio F. in OpenAIRE
    Fitiwi Zahlay, Desta; orcid Shafie-khah, Miadreza;
    Shafie-khah, Miadreza
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Shafie-khah, Miadreza in OpenAIRE
    Bizuayehu, Abebe Worke; +2 Authors

    Artículos en revistas A new multistage and stochastic mathematical model of an integrated distribution system planning problem is described in Part I. The efficiency and validity of this model are tested by carrying out a case study on a standard IEEE 41-bus radial distribution system. The numerical results show that the simultaneous integration of energy storage systems (ESSs) and reactive power sources largely enables a substantially increased penetration of variable generation (wind and solar) in the system, and consequently, reduces overall system costs and network losses. For the system, a combined wind and solar PV power of up to nearly three times the base-case peak load is installed over a three-year planning horizon. In addition, the proposed planning approach also considerably defers network expansion and/or reinforcement needs. Generally, it is clearly demonstrated in an innovative way that the joint planning of distributed generation, reactive power sources, and ESSs, brings significant improvements to the system such as reduction of losses, electricity cost, and emissions as a result of increased renewable energy sources (RESs) penetration. Besides, the proposed modeling framework considerably improves the voltage profile in the system, which is crucial for a normal operation of the system as a whole. Finally, the novel planning model proposed can be considered as a major leap forward toward developing controllable grids, which support large-scale integration of RESs info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid bw RINALDINI, Carlo Alberto;
    RINALDINI, Carlo Alberto
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    RINALDINI, Carlo Alberto in OpenAIRE
    orcid MATTARELLI, Enrico;
    MATTARELLI, Enrico
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    MATTARELLI, Enrico in OpenAIRE
    Valeri I. Golovitchev;

    The paper explores, by means of CFD simulations, the potential of the Miller cycle, applied to High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) Diesel engines, facing the challenge of emissions reduction enforced by the nearterm regulations, with particular reference to Euro VI. In fact, a valuable benefit of the Miller technique is the strong reduction of combustion temperature, thus the abating of NOx emissions, compared to a traditional cycle with the same values of AFR and EGR rate. The practical application of the Miller cycle yields a number of critical issues, which are generally addressed in the paper. However, the goal of the study is to assess the potential and the limits of this technique, more than develop a specific engine configuration. For the analysis, a 2.8 L 4-cylinder turbocharged engine produced by VM Motori was selected, carrying out a comprehensive experimental campaign, at both full and partial load. The experimental data allowed the authors to calibrate two types of numerical models, one for the whole engine analyses (0/1D), the other for the combustion process simulation (CFD-3D). The integrated use of these computational tools provides a reliable comparison between the base engine and the one modified according to the Miller cycle, in terms of both emissions and fuel consumption in the European Driving Cycle. It was found a reduction of NOx and Soot of 25% and 60%, respectively, and a worsening of fuel efficiency of 2%. The abating of NOx can be further enhanced, since it is demonstrated that the engine operated according to the Miller cycle can tolerate higher rates of EGR. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IRIS UNIMORE - Archi...arrow_drop_down
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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid bw Maask, Vahur;
    Maask, Vahur
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    Maask, Vahur in OpenAIRE
    orcid Rosin, Argo;
    Rosin, Argo
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    Rosin, Argo in OpenAIRE
    orcid Korõtko, Tarmo;
    Korõtko, Tarmo
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    Korõtko, Tarmo in OpenAIRE
    orcid Thalfeldt, Martin;
    Thalfeldt, Martin
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    Thalfeldt, Martin in OpenAIRE
    +3 Authors

    | openaire: EC/H2020/856602/EU//FINEST TWINS Funding Information: This work has been supported by the European Commission through the H2020 project Finest Twins grant No. 856602; and by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research and European Regional Fund grant 2014-2020.4.01.20-0289. Additional support was acquired from the Estonian Research Council grant PSG739. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Increasing use of volatile renewable energy sources causes challenges in balancing supply and demand. Therefore, demand-side flexibility has rising importance for system operators and balancing authorities. Flexibility management methods are needed to integrate loads like ventilation systems of different buildings (e.g., residential and commercial) into flexibility service. However, the available methods described in research papers require further development for implementation in practice. Heating and cooling systems have received much attention from researchers, but the potential of ventilation systems has been left out of focus. Therefore, this paper provides a complete set of novel flexibility management methods for ventilation systems created from an aggregator's viewpoint. The flexibility is quantified through capacity (e.i. the amount of power consumption that can be altered), forced ventilation rate duration, and the tendered price for the service. The proposed methods were tested on a building model constructed and simulated in IDA ICE. The data processing and flexibility management methods were applied in MATLAB. Two types of ventilation systems with different sensor configurations were considered: constant and variable air volume. Forced ventilation rate duration is calculated using energy and mass balance analysis where the root means squared error was 10 to 33 min, depending on the system type, measured parameter, and sensor location. The flexibility service pricing model was tested on the 2022 years' manual frequency restoration reserve (mFRR) activation and balance energy market data. Peer reviewed

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Aaltodoc Publication...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Aaltodoc Publication Archive
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: VIRTA
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.en...
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Aaltodoc Publication...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Aaltodoc Publication Archive
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2023
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      http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.en...
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Jonas Wortmann;
    Jonas Wortmann
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    Jonas Wortmann in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Larry Lüer;
    Larry Lüer
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    Larry Lüer in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Thomas Heumüller;
    Thomas Heumüller
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    Thomas Heumüller in OpenAIRE
    orcid Karen Forberich;
    Karen Forberich
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    Karen Forberich in OpenAIRE
    +7 Authors

    Organic solar cells utilize an energy-level offset to generate free charge carriers. Although a very small energy-level offset increases the open-circuit voltage, it remains unclear how exactly charge generation is affected. Here we investigate organic solar cell blends with highest occupied molecular orbital energy-level offsets (∆EHOMO) between the donor and acceptor that range from 0 to 300 meV. We demonstrate that exciton quenching at a negligible ∆EHOMO takes place on timescales that approach the exciton lifetime of the pristine materials, which drastically limits the external quantum efficiency. We quantitatively describe this finding via the Boltzmann stationary-state equilibrium between charge-transfer states and excitons and further reveal a long exciton lifetime to be decisive in maintaining an efficient charge generation at a negligible ∆EHOMO. Moreover, the Boltzmann equilibrium quantitatively describes the major reduction in non-radiative voltage losses at a very small ∆EHOMO. Ultimately, highly luminescent near-infrared emitters with very long exciton lifetimes are suggested to enable highly efficient organic solar cells. Donor–acceptor systems with low energy-level offset enable high power efficiency in organic solar cells yet it is unclear what drives charge generation. Classen et al. show that long exciton lifetimes enable efficient exciton splitting and thus generation of free charges while also suppressing voltage losses.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Juelich Shared Elect...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Nature Energy
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Juelich Shared Elect...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Nature Energy
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Carere F.;
    Carere F.
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    Carere F. in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Bragatto T.;
    Bragatto T.
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    Bragatto T. in OpenAIRE
    Santori F.;

    During an extraordinary event, like the COVID19 pandemic, very rapid changes in consumption profiles and customers behaviors were recorded. This paper investigates the impact of the lockdown on load and production in the distribution system of Terni. From a DSO point of view, no relevant issues were encountered to be faced. The distributed power generation from renewable resources did not affect relevant issues, maintaining the typical annual generation profiles. A domestic consumption increase was replaced by more relevant decrease of industrial processes and commercial activities absorptions. More than 25,000 domestic users increased their consumptions in April 2020 and the overall consumption of domestic customers in March was 1,05 times higher than the 2015 respectively consumption. The power flows at primary substations reveal a relevant electric demand reduction for each point of connection with the high voltage transmission system; especially bar 1 and 2 of the most relevant Terni primary substation, recorded a 15.3% decrease with respect to March 2019, and a 24.25% decrease with respect to April 2019.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio della ricer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.23919/aeit5...
    Conference object . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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