- Zhi-Hui Zhang;
Rajasekhar Balasubramanian; Rajasekhar Balasubramanian
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileRajasekhar Balasubramanian in OpenAIREMetal-based fuel-borne catalysts (FBCs) have been used with diesel fuels to effectively reduce soot and diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions from both on-road and off-road applications. However, there is a lack of detailed investigations on the potential changes in the properties of particulates, when FBCs-doped fuels are combusted in diesel engines. This study fully evaluates the potential impacts of ferrocene-doped ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels on physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics of the particulates emitted by a single cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine working at a constant speed and at three engine loads. The results indicated that ferrocene-doped fuels could effectively reduce the particulate mass and elemental carbon (EC) emissions, while increasing the proportion of both organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in particles. Particle-phase PAHs and n-alkanes emissions increased with an increase of Fe in the fuels. Ferrocene addition also led to lower soot ignition temperature and activation energy. However, the total number emissions of particles from ferrocene-doped fuels dramatically increased due to the formation of Fe-rich nuclei mode particles. Compared to pure ULSD, the particles emitted from ferrocene-doped fuels showed a slight decline in cell viability. The Fe in the particles and the changes in chemical composition of particulates are thought to be responsible for the variation of cell viability.
38 citations 38 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% 
Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.029&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Zhi-Hui Zhang; Rajasekhar Balasubramanian;
Rajasekhar Balasubramanian
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileRajasekhar Balasubramanian in OpenAIREMetal-based fuel-borne catalysts (FBCs) have been used with diesel fuels to effectively reduce soot and diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions from both on-road and off-road applications. However, there is a lack of detailed investigations on the potential changes in the properties of particulates, when FBCs-doped fuels are combusted in diesel engines. This study fully evaluates the potential impacts of ferrocene-doped ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels on physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics of the particulates emitted by a single cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine working at a constant speed and at three engine loads. The results indicated that ferrocene-doped fuels could effectively reduce the particulate mass and elemental carbon (EC) emissions, while increasing the proportion of both organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in particles. Particle-phase PAHs and n-alkanes emissions increased with an increase of Fe in the fuels. Ferrocene addition also led to lower soot ignition temperature and activation energy. However, the total number emissions of particles from ferrocene-doped fuels dramatically increased due to the formation of Fe-rich nuclei mode particles. Compared to pure ULSD, the particles emitted from ferrocene-doped fuels showed a slight decline in cell viability. The Fe in the particles and the changes in chemical composition of particulates are thought to be responsible for the variation of cell viability.
38 citations 38 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.029&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Luca Evangelisti; Luca Evangelisti; Antonella Rotili;
Francesco Bianchi; +5 AuthorsFrancesco Bianchi
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesFrancesco Bianchi in OpenAIRELuca Evangelisti; Luca Evangelisti; Antonella Rotili; Francesco Bianchi; Francesco Bianchi
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesFrancesco Bianchi in OpenAIRE Giorgio Baldinelli; Giorgio Baldinelli
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesGiorgio Baldinelli in OpenAIRE Gianluca Vinti; Gianluca Vinti
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesGianluca Vinti in OpenAIRE Marco Seracini; Marco Seracini
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMarco Seracini in OpenAIRE Danilo Costarelli; Danilo Costarelli
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileDanilo Costarelli in OpenAIRE Francesco Asdrubali; Francesco Asdrubali
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileFrancesco Asdrubali in OpenAIREAbstract The intervention on the existing building envelope thermal insulation is the main and effective solution in order to achieve a significant reduction of the building stock energy needs. The infrared technique is the methodology of the energy diagnosis aimed to identify qualitatively the principal causes of energy losses: the presence of thermal bridges. Those weak parts of the building envelope in terms of heat transfer result not easy to treat with an energy efficiency intervention, while they are gaining importance in the buildings total energy dispersion, as the level of insulation of opaque and transparent materials is continuously increasing. It is generally possible to evaluate the energy dispersions through these zones with a deep knowledge of the materials and the geometry using a numerical method. Besides, authors proposed in the past a methodology to assess the flux passing through thermal bridges with an infrared image correctly framed. The analysis of surface temperatures of the undisturbed wall and of the zone with thermal bridge, allows to define the Incidence Factor of the thermal Bridge (Itb). This parameter is strongly affected by the thermographic image accuracy, therefore, this paper deals with the development and validation of an innovative mathematical algorithm to enhance the image resolution and the consequent accuracy of the energy losses assessment. An experimental campaign in a controlled environment (hot box apparatus) has been conducted on three typologies of thermal bridge, firstly performing the thermographic survey and then applying the enhancement algorithm to the infrared images in order to compare the Itb and the linear thermal transmittance ψ values. Results showed that the proposed methodology could bring to an accuracy improvement up to 2% of the total buildings envelope energy losses evaluated by quantitative infrared thermography. Moreover, the proposed algorithm allows the implementation of a further process applicable to the images, in order to extract the physical boundaries of the hidden materials causing the thermal bridge, so revealing itself as a useful tool to identify exactly the suitable points of intervention for the thermal bridge correction. The application of the imaging process on the quantitative infrared thermography is an innovative approach that makes more accurate the evaluation of the actual heat loss of highly insulating buildings and reaching a higher detail on the detection and treating of thermal bridges.
Access RoutesGreen 74 citations 74 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.091&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Luca Evangelisti; Luca Evangelisti; Antonella Rotili; Francesco Bianchi; +5 Authors
Francesco Bianchi
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesFrancesco Bianchi in OpenAIRELuca Evangelisti; Luca Evangelisti; Antonella Rotili; Francesco Bianchi; Francesco Bianchi
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesFrancesco Bianchi in OpenAIRE Giorgio Baldinelli; Giorgio Baldinelli
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesGiorgio Baldinelli in OpenAIRE Gianluca Vinti; Gianluca Vinti
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesGianluca Vinti in OpenAIRE Marco Seracini; Marco Seracini
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMarco Seracini in OpenAIRE Danilo Costarelli; Danilo Costarelli
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileDanilo Costarelli in OpenAIRE Francesco Asdrubali; Francesco Asdrubali
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileFrancesco Asdrubali in OpenAIREAbstract The intervention on the existing building envelope thermal insulation is the main and effective solution in order to achieve a significant reduction of the building stock energy needs. The infrared technique is the methodology of the energy diagnosis aimed to identify qualitatively the principal causes of energy losses: the presence of thermal bridges. Those weak parts of the building envelope in terms of heat transfer result not easy to treat with an energy efficiency intervention, while they are gaining importance in the buildings total energy dispersion, as the level of insulation of opaque and transparent materials is continuously increasing. It is generally possible to evaluate the energy dispersions through these zones with a deep knowledge of the materials and the geometry using a numerical method. Besides, authors proposed in the past a methodology to assess the flux passing through thermal bridges with an infrared image correctly framed. The analysis of surface temperatures of the undisturbed wall and of the zone with thermal bridge, allows to define the Incidence Factor of the thermal Bridge (Itb). This parameter is strongly affected by the thermographic image accuracy, therefore, this paper deals with the development and validation of an innovative mathematical algorithm to enhance the image resolution and the consequent accuracy of the energy losses assessment. An experimental campaign in a controlled environment (hot box apparatus) has been conducted on three typologies of thermal bridge, firstly performing the thermographic survey and then applying the enhancement algorithm to the infrared images in order to compare the Itb and the linear thermal transmittance ψ values. Results showed that the proposed methodology could bring to an accuracy improvement up to 2% of the total buildings envelope energy losses evaluated by quantitative infrared thermography. Moreover, the proposed algorithm allows the implementation of a further process applicable to the images, in order to extract the physical boundaries of the hidden materials causing the thermal bridge, so revealing itself as a useful tool to identify exactly the suitable points of intervention for the thermal bridge correction. The application of the imaging process on the quantitative infrared thermography is an innovative approach that makes more accurate the evaluation of the actual heat loss of highly insulating buildings and reaching a higher detail on the detection and treating of thermal bridges.
Access RoutesGreen 74 citations 74 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.091&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Weiszer M; Chen J; Locatelli G;
Locatelli G
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileLocatelli G in OpenAIREWith increasing air traffic, rising fuel costs and tighter environmental targets, efficient airport ground operations are one of the key aspects towards sustainable air transportation. This complex system includes elements such as ground movement, runway scheduling and ground services. Previously, these problems were treated in isolation since information, such as landing time, pushback time and aircraft ground position, are held by different stakeholders with sometimes conflicting interests and, normally, are not shared. However, as these problems are interconnected, solutions as a result of isolated optimisation may achieve the objective of one problem but fail in the objective of the other one, missing the global optimum eventually. Potentially more energy and economic costs are thus required. In order to apply a more systematic and holistic view, this paper introduces a multi-objective integrated optimisation problem incorporating the newly proposed Active Routing concept. Built with systematic perspectives, this new model combines several elements: scheduling and routing of aircraft, 4-Dimensional Trajectory (4DT) optimisation, runway scheduling and airport bus scheduling. A holistic economic optimisation framework is also included to support the decision maker to select the economically optimal solution from a Pareto front of technically optimal solutions. To solve this problem, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is adopted and tested on real data from an international hub airport. Preliminary results show that the proposed approach is able to provide a systematic framework so that airport efficiency, environmental assessment and economic analysis could all be explicitly optimised.
Access RoutesGreen bronze 51 citations 51 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.039&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Weiszer M; Chen J; Locatelli G;
Locatelli G
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileLocatelli G in OpenAIREWith increasing air traffic, rising fuel costs and tighter environmental targets, efficient airport ground operations are one of the key aspects towards sustainable air transportation. This complex system includes elements such as ground movement, runway scheduling and ground services. Previously, these problems were treated in isolation since information, such as landing time, pushback time and aircraft ground position, are held by different stakeholders with sometimes conflicting interests and, normally, are not shared. However, as these problems are interconnected, solutions as a result of isolated optimisation may achieve the objective of one problem but fail in the objective of the other one, missing the global optimum eventually. Potentially more energy and economic costs are thus required. In order to apply a more systematic and holistic view, this paper introduces a multi-objective integrated optimisation problem incorporating the newly proposed Active Routing concept. Built with systematic perspectives, this new model combines several elements: scheduling and routing of aircraft, 4-Dimensional Trajectory (4DT) optimisation, runway scheduling and airport bus scheduling. A holistic economic optimisation framework is also included to support the decision maker to select the economically optimal solution from a Pareto front of technically optimal solutions. To solve this problem, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is adopted and tested on real data from an international hub airport. Preliminary results show that the proposed approach is able to provide a systematic framework so that airport efficiency, environmental assessment and economic analysis could all be explicitly optimised.
Access RoutesGreen bronze 51 citations 51 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.039&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Elorri Igos;
Elorri Igos
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileElorri Igos in OpenAIRE Benedetto Rugani; Sameer Rege;Benedetto Rugani
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileBenedetto Rugani in OpenAIRE Enrico Benetto; +2 AuthorsEnrico Benetto
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileEnrico Benetto in OpenAIRE Elorri Igos; Elorri Igos
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileElorri Igos in OpenAIRE Benedetto Rugani; Sameer Rege;Benedetto Rugani
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileBenedetto Rugani in OpenAIRE Enrico Benetto; Enrico Benetto
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileEnrico Benetto in OpenAIRE Laurent Drouet; Daniel S. Zachary;Laurent Drouet
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileLaurent Drouet in OpenAIREAbstract Nowadays, many countries adopt an active agenda to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions by moving towards less polluting energy generation technologies. The environmental costs, directly or indirectly generated to achieve such a challenging objective, remain however largely underexplored. Until now, research has focused either on pure economic approaches such as Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and partial equilibrium (PE) models, or on (physical) energy supply scenarios. These latter could be used to evaluate the environmental impacts of various energy saving or cleaner technologies via Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. These modelling efforts have, however, been pursued in isolation, without exploring the possible complementarities and synergies. In this study, we have undertaken a practical combination of these approaches into a common framework: on the one hand, by coupling a CGE with a PE model, and, on the other hand, by linking the outcomes from the coupling with a hybrid input–output−process based life cycle inventory. The methodological framework aimed at assessing the environmental consequences of two energy policy scenarios in Luxembourg between 2010 and 2025. The study highlights the potential of coupling CGE and PE models but also the related methodological difficulties (e.g. small number of available technologies in Luxembourg, intrinsic limitations of the two approaches, etc.). The assessment shows both environmental synergies and trade-offs due to the implementation of energy policies. For example, despite the changes in technologies towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, only marginal improvements are observed in the climate change mitigation scenario as compared to the Business-As-Usual. The energy related production and imports are indeed expected to increase over time and represent a large contribution to the country’s impacts. Interestingly, side effects on other impacts than climate change or fossil resource depletion (e.g. ionising radiation and water depletion) may also occur mainly due to the use of nuclear energy in neighbouring countries.
Access Routesbronze 96 citations 96 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.2624939&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Elorri Igos;
Elorri Igos
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileElorri Igos in OpenAIRE Benedetto Rugani; Sameer Rege;Benedetto Rugani
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileBenedetto Rugani in OpenAIRE Enrico Benetto; +2 AuthorsEnrico Benetto
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileEnrico Benetto in OpenAIRE Elorri Igos; Elorri Igos
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileElorri Igos in OpenAIRE Benedetto Rugani; Sameer Rege;Benedetto Rugani
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileBenedetto Rugani in OpenAIRE Enrico Benetto; Enrico Benetto
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileEnrico Benetto in OpenAIRE Laurent Drouet; Daniel S. Zachary;Laurent Drouet
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileLaurent Drouet in OpenAIREAbstract Nowadays, many countries adopt an active agenda to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions by moving towards less polluting energy generation technologies. The environmental costs, directly or indirectly generated to achieve such a challenging objective, remain however largely underexplored. Until now, research has focused either on pure economic approaches such as Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and partial equilibrium (PE) models, or on (physical) energy supply scenarios. These latter could be used to evaluate the environmental impacts of various energy saving or cleaner technologies via Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. These modelling efforts have, however, been pursued in isolation, without exploring the possible complementarities and synergies. In this study, we have undertaken a practical combination of these approaches into a common framework: on the one hand, by coupling a CGE with a PE model, and, on the other hand, by linking the outcomes from the coupling with a hybrid input–output−process based life cycle inventory. The methodological framework aimed at assessing the environmental consequences of two energy policy scenarios in Luxembourg between 2010 and 2025. The study highlights the potential of coupling CGE and PE models but also the related methodological difficulties (e.g. small number of available technologies in Luxembourg, intrinsic limitations of the two approaches, etc.). The assessment shows both environmental synergies and trade-offs due to the implementation of energy policies. For example, despite the changes in technologies towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, only marginal improvements are observed in the climate change mitigation scenario as compared to the Business-As-Usual. The energy related production and imports are indeed expected to increase over time and represent a large contribution to the country’s impacts. Interestingly, side effects on other impacts than climate change or fossil resource depletion (e.g. ionising radiation and water depletion) may also occur mainly due to the use of nuclear energy in neighbouring countries.
Access Routesbronze 96 citations 96 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.2624939&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Abd Alla S.;
Abd Alla S.
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileAbd Alla S. in OpenAIRE Bianco Vincenzo; Bianco Vincenzo
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileBianco Vincenzo in OpenAIRE Tagliafico Luca Antonio; Tagliafico Luca Antonio
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesTagliafico Luca Antonio in OpenAIRE Scarpa Federico; Scarpa Federico
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileScarpa Federico in OpenAIREAbstract The implementation of energy efficiency measures is an effective way to gain energy savings in the Italian residential sector. This paper assesses the embodied energy impact related to the envelope insulation and evaluates the energy and carbon payback of the efficiency measures. The proposed method consists of (1) an estimation of the baseline operational energy consumption, (2) simulations of realistic retrofit solutions and, (3) the assessment of the ‘retrofitting’ embodied energy and the energy and carbon payback time calculation. The payback is based on the comparison between the saved operational energy and the embodied energy of the materials selected for insulation. Ten Italian cities are analysed, and the results show a deep dependence on the climate zone. In Northern Italian cities, envelope insulation gains relevance as the energy and carbon payback periods are shorter, about 3 years against the 84 years for the Southern city of Palermo. The optimal thickness is estimated for the city of Milan considering the building’s typology, the insulation materials, and the energy payback. This study shows how the total energy savings can be used as a criterion to obtain design indications.
29 citations 29 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114745&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Abd Alla S.;
Abd Alla S.
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileAbd Alla S. in OpenAIRE Bianco Vincenzo; Bianco Vincenzo
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileBianco Vincenzo in OpenAIRE Tagliafico Luca Antonio; Tagliafico Luca Antonio
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesTagliafico Luca Antonio in OpenAIRE Scarpa Federico; Scarpa Federico
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileScarpa Federico in OpenAIREAbstract The implementation of energy efficiency measures is an effective way to gain energy savings in the Italian residential sector. This paper assesses the embodied energy impact related to the envelope insulation and evaluates the energy and carbon payback of the efficiency measures. The proposed method consists of (1) an estimation of the baseline operational energy consumption, (2) simulations of realistic retrofit solutions and, (3) the assessment of the ‘retrofitting’ embodied energy and the energy and carbon payback time calculation. The payback is based on the comparison between the saved operational energy and the embodied energy of the materials selected for insulation. Ten Italian cities are analysed, and the results show a deep dependence on the climate zone. In Northern Italian cities, envelope insulation gains relevance as the energy and carbon payback periods are shorter, about 3 years against the 84 years for the Southern city of Palermo. The optimal thickness is estimated for the city of Milan considering the building’s typology, the insulation materials, and the energy payback. This study shows how the total energy savings can be used as a criterion to obtain design indications.
29 citations 29 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114745&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - ZAMBONI, GIORGIO;
ZAMBONI, GIORGIO
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileZAMBONI, GIORGIO in OpenAIRE MALFETTANI, STEFANO; MALFETTANI, STEFANO
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMALFETTANI, STEFANO in OpenAIRE M. André; CARRARO, CHIARA ELENA; +2 Authors ZAMBONI, GIORGIO; ZAMBONI, GIORGIO
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileZAMBONI, GIORGIO in OpenAIRE MALFETTANI, STEFANO; MALFETTANI, STEFANO
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMALFETTANI, STEFANO in OpenAIRE M. André; CARRARO, CHIARA ELENA; MARELLI, SILVIA; MARELLI, SILVIA
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMARELLI, SILVIA in OpenAIRE CAPOBIANCO, MASSIMO; CAPOBIANCO, MASSIMO
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesCAPOBIANCO, MASSIMO in OpenAIREAbstract An experimental and theoretical investigation is being performed to evaluate exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) circulating in urban areas and involved in commercial shipping activities. The study is focused on the city of Genoa, whose urban road network is influenced by highway connections and shipping activities, as seven motorway exits and more than twenty accesses to port area are located within the urban area. In a first step, the HDV flows crossing highway exits, urban zones and port areas were evaluated, as well as the relevant vehicle classes. The typical urban trips linking highway exits to port gates and the HDV mission profiles within the port area were then defined, whose validation was performed through an experimental campaign for HDV instantaneous speed measurements on urban trips and in port zones. The availability of speed patterns enabled the application of Passenger Car and Heavy Duty Emission Model (PHEM) for the estimation of fuel consumption and emission factors for selected HDV classes. The main results of the different investigation steps are presented and discussed in the paper, outlining the specific activities of HDVs in port area and the relevant emissive behaviour.
27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.06.037&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - ZAMBONI, GIORGIO;
ZAMBONI, GIORGIO
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileZAMBONI, GIORGIO in OpenAIRE MALFETTANI, STEFANO; MALFETTANI, STEFANO
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMALFETTANI, STEFANO in OpenAIRE M. André; CARRARO, CHIARA ELENA; +2 Authors ZAMBONI, GIORGIO; ZAMBONI, GIORGIO
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileZAMBONI, GIORGIO in OpenAIRE MALFETTANI, STEFANO; MALFETTANI, STEFANO
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMALFETTANI, STEFANO in OpenAIRE M. André; CARRARO, CHIARA ELENA; MARELLI, SILVIA; MARELLI, SILVIA
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMARELLI, SILVIA in OpenAIRE CAPOBIANCO, MASSIMO; CAPOBIANCO, MASSIMO
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesCAPOBIANCO, MASSIMO in OpenAIREAbstract An experimental and theoretical investigation is being performed to evaluate exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) circulating in urban areas and involved in commercial shipping activities. The study is focused on the city of Genoa, whose urban road network is influenced by highway connections and shipping activities, as seven motorway exits and more than twenty accesses to port area are located within the urban area. In a first step, the HDV flows crossing highway exits, urban zones and port areas were evaluated, as well as the relevant vehicle classes. The typical urban trips linking highway exits to port gates and the HDV mission profiles within the port area were then defined, whose validation was performed through an experimental campaign for HDV instantaneous speed measurements on urban trips and in port zones. The availability of speed patterns enabled the application of Passenger Car and Heavy Duty Emission Model (PHEM) for the estimation of fuel consumption and emission factors for selected HDV classes. The main results of the different investigation steps are presented and discussed in the paper, outlining the specific activities of HDVs in port area and the relevant emissive behaviour.
27 citations 27 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.06.037&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Catharine A. Kastner; Markus Kraft; Markus Kraft;
Markus Kraft
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMarkus Kraft in OpenAIRE Raymond Lau; Raymond Lau
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileRaymond Lau in OpenAIREAbstract The quantitative tools and methods that have been developed to identify and cultivate industrial symbiotic exchanges in existing industrial parks to minimize overall energy and material consumption are reviewed. The issues relevant to adapting an existing park differs from those associated with constructing a new park using eco-industrial principles. Published literature was surveyed for methodologies which identify and establish viable inter-company exchanges for water, heat, power and materials. Studies which address issues associated with infrastructure alterations are specifically highlighted, as well as methods to quantify and manipulate any potential financial and/or ecological benefits gained by adopting proposed eco-industrial measures. Additional topics, such as network analysis, company motivation, confidentiality issues and introduction of new industries or facilities are included. This review surveys current quantitative methodologies that can be applied to the process of adapting established industrial park networks into eco-industrial park systems and case studies which are pertinent to this type of adaptation.
96 citations 96 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.05.037&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Catharine A. Kastner; Markus Kraft; Markus Kraft;
Markus Kraft
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMarkus Kraft in OpenAIRE Raymond Lau; Raymond Lau
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileRaymond Lau in OpenAIREAbstract The quantitative tools and methods that have been developed to identify and cultivate industrial symbiotic exchanges in existing industrial parks to minimize overall energy and material consumption are reviewed. The issues relevant to adapting an existing park differs from those associated with constructing a new park using eco-industrial principles. Published literature was surveyed for methodologies which identify and establish viable inter-company exchanges for water, heat, power and materials. Studies which address issues associated with infrastructure alterations are specifically highlighted, as well as methods to quantify and manipulate any potential financial and/or ecological benefits gained by adopting proposed eco-industrial measures. Additional topics, such as network analysis, company motivation, confidentiality issues and introduction of new industries or facilities are included. This review surveys current quantitative methodologies that can be applied to the process of adapting established industrial park networks into eco-industrial park systems and case studies which are pertinent to this type of adaptation.
96 citations 96 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.05.037&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - MAZZARACCHIO P.; RAGGI, Andrea; G. BARBIROLI;
RAGGI, Andrea
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesRAGGI, Andrea in OpenAIREAbstract Comparisons of various energy systems are often made from partial, limited standpoints that do not take into due consideration the numerous factors involved in such systems. A more complete assessment of the global quality of energy systems must consider a wider range of characteristics, such as: conversion and transportation yields, energy potential, added value, risk of accidents during conversion and transportation, coefficients of transportability and storability, and polluting emissions (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur and nitrogen oxides, unburnt hydrocarbons, dust, radionuclides and dispersed heat). This paper not only identifies and quantifies the parameters that allow the above qualities to be expressed, but also defines a tree-structured energy-quality index system which starts from the parameters identified and makes it possible to obtain a global summary index, through various intermediate levels of aggregation. Our objective is to make an instrument available to professionals (engineers, policymakers and energy managers) which allows them to concentrate their attention each time, according to the specific needs in question, on particular aspects of the quality of the energy, or to obtain numerical indicators that briefly express quality in the broadest sense. In addition, a sample application of the proposed method is presented, using data gathered mainly from the literature on alternative systems for power production and space heating by fossil fuels.
8 citations 8 popularity Average influence Top 10% impulse Average Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/0306-2619(95)00025-9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - MAZZARACCHIO P.; RAGGI, Andrea; G. BARBIROLI;
RAGGI, Andrea
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesRAGGI, Andrea in OpenAIREAbstract Comparisons of various energy systems are often made from partial, limited standpoints that do not take into due consideration the numerous factors involved in such systems. A more complete assessment of the global quality of energy systems must consider a wider range of characteristics, such as: conversion and transportation yields, energy potential, added value, risk of accidents during conversion and transportation, coefficients of transportability and storability, and polluting emissions (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur and nitrogen oxides, unburnt hydrocarbons, dust, radionuclides and dispersed heat). This paper not only identifies and quantifies the parameters that allow the above qualities to be expressed, but also defines a tree-structured energy-quality index system which starts from the parameters identified and makes it possible to obtain a global summary index, through various intermediate levels of aggregation. Our objective is to make an instrument available to professionals (engineers, policymakers and energy managers) which allows them to concentrate their attention each time, according to the specific needs in question, on particular aspects of the quality of the energy, or to obtain numerical indicators that briefly express quality in the broadest sense. In addition, a sample application of the proposed method is presented, using data gathered mainly from the literature on alternative systems for power production and space heating by fossil fuels.
8 citations 8 popularity Average influence Top 10% impulse Average Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/0306-2619(95)00025-9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Kazmi, H.; D'OCA, SIMONA;
D'OCA, SIMONA
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesD'OCA, SIMONA in OpenAIRE DELMASTRO, CHIARA; Lodeweyckx, S.; +1 AuthorsDELMASTRO, CHIARA
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileDELMASTRO, CHIARA in OpenAIRE Kazmi, H.; D'OCA, SIMONA; D'OCA, SIMONA
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesD'OCA, SIMONA in OpenAIRE DELMASTRO, CHIARA; Lodeweyckx, S.;DELMASTRO, CHIARA
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileDELMASTRO, CHIARA in OpenAIRE CORGNATI, STEFANO PAOLO; CORGNATI, STEFANO PAOLO
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesCORGNATI, STEFANO PAOLO in OpenAIREAbstract The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate improved energy efficiency for domestic hot water (DHW) production in residential buildings. This is done by deriving data-driven optimal heating schedules (used interchangeably with policies) automatically. The optimization leverages actively learnt occupant behaviour and models for thermodynamics of the storage vessel to operate the heating mechanism – an air-source heat pump (ASHP) in this case – at the highest possible efficiency. The proposed algorithm, while tested on an ASHP, is essentially decoupled from the heating mechanism making it sufficiently robust to generalize to other types of heating mechanisms as well. Simulation results for this optimization based on data from 46 Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) in the Netherlands are presented. These show a reduction of energy consumption for DHW by 20% using a computationally inexpensive heuristic approach, and 27% when using a more intensive hybrid ant colony optimization based method. The energy savings are strongly dependent on occupant comfort level. This is demonstrated in real-world settings for a low-consumption house where active control was performed using heuristics for 3.5 months and resulted in energy savings of 27% (61 kW h). It is straightforward to extend the same models to perform automatic demand side management (ADSM) by treating the DHW vessel as a flexibility bearing device.
67 citations 67 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.108&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Kazmi, H.; D'OCA, SIMONA;
D'OCA, SIMONA
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesD'OCA, SIMONA in OpenAIRE DELMASTRO, CHIARA; Lodeweyckx, S.; +1 AuthorsDELMASTRO, CHIARA
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileDELMASTRO, CHIARA in OpenAIRE Kazmi, H.; D'OCA, SIMONA; D'OCA, SIMONA
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesD'OCA, SIMONA in OpenAIRE DELMASTRO, CHIARA; Lodeweyckx, S.;DELMASTRO, CHIARA
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileDELMASTRO, CHIARA in OpenAIRE CORGNATI, STEFANO PAOLO; CORGNATI, STEFANO PAOLO
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesCORGNATI, STEFANO PAOLO in OpenAIREAbstract The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate improved energy efficiency for domestic hot water (DHW) production in residential buildings. This is done by deriving data-driven optimal heating schedules (used interchangeably with policies) automatically. The optimization leverages actively learnt occupant behaviour and models for thermodynamics of the storage vessel to operate the heating mechanism – an air-source heat pump (ASHP) in this case – at the highest possible efficiency. The proposed algorithm, while tested on an ASHP, is essentially decoupled from the heating mechanism making it sufficiently robust to generalize to other types of heating mechanisms as well. Simulation results for this optimization based on data from 46 Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) in the Netherlands are presented. These show a reduction of energy consumption for DHW by 20% using a computationally inexpensive heuristic approach, and 27% when using a more intensive hybrid ant colony optimization based method. The energy savings are strongly dependent on occupant comfort level. This is demonstrated in real-world settings for a low-consumption house where active control was performed using heuristics for 3.5 months and resulted in energy savings of 27% (61 kW h). It is straightforward to extend the same models to perform automatic demand side management (ADSM) by treating the DHW vessel as a flexibility bearing device.
67 citations 67 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.108&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Morbiato, T;
Morbiato, T
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMorbiato, T in OpenAIRE BORRI, CLAUDIO; Vitaliani, R.;BORRI, CLAUDIO
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesBORRI, CLAUDIO in OpenAIREMany recent patents worldwide address the concept of harvesting wind energy from aerodynamic losses in motorways, however the mechanics of a specific device dedicated to the task has never been described. The lack of a characterization of the energy resource likely explains why the international market is still to acknowledge any technology related to the concept. Here, an experimental activity is presented to investigate the flow field generated by traffic in motorways and eventually develop an innovative technology that complies with emerging energy policies. In the case of traffic source, the energetic rationale seems to have a double motivation: there will always be an optimal energy supply associated with an increment in transport demand and, contrary to other renewables, the transport aerodynamic losses belong to a source of costs, making them a remarkably sustainable energy source. After a thorough analysis of the correlation between truck flow and wind speed classes, the characterization of a resource indicator for time of wind above a cut-in speed is given, with an account for the effects of traffic clusters and traffic related wind-drops. We demonstrate how during weekdays daytime hours the traffic-generated resource can allow an energy conversion beyond a threshold possibly permitting a positive energetic balance of the system. A study on the effect of traffic related wind-drops is also carried out to investigate how the issue could be relevant in the transient behavior and ultimately in the performance of a mini wind turbine in the kW-range. While many findings relate to the motorway site where the campaign was sited, fitting of the experimental data to the generic motorway case permits to explore a complete range of traffic flows.
58 citations 58 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.055&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Morbiato, T;
Morbiato, T
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMorbiato, T in OpenAIRE BORRI, CLAUDIO; Vitaliani, R.;BORRI, CLAUDIO
Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositoriesBORRI, CLAUDIO in OpenAIREMany recent patents worldwide address the concept of harvesting wind energy from aerodynamic losses in motorways, however the mechanics of a specific device dedicated to the task has never been described. The lack of a characterization of the energy resource likely explains why the international market is still to acknowledge any technology related to the concept. Here, an experimental activity is presented to investigate the flow field generated by traffic in motorways and eventually develop an innovative technology that complies with emerging energy policies. In the case of traffic source, the energetic rationale seems to have a double motivation: there will always be an optimal energy supply associated with an increment in transport demand and, contrary to other renewables, the transport aerodynamic losses belong to a source of costs, making them a remarkably sustainable energy source. After a thorough analysis of the correlation between truck flow and wind speed classes, the characterization of a resource indicator for time of wind above a cut-in speed is given, with an account for the effects of traffic clusters and traffic related wind-drops. We demonstrate how during weekdays daytime hours the traffic-generated resource can allow an energy conversion beyond a threshold possibly permitting a positive energetic balance of the system. A study on the effect of traffic related wind-drops is also carried out to investigate how the issue could be relevant in the transient behavior and ultimately in the performance of a mini wind turbine in the kW-range. While many findings relate to the motorway site where the campaign was sited, fitting of the experimental data to the generic motorway case permits to explore a complete range of traffic flows.
58 citations 58 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.055&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu
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