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Sustainability is the most popular subject of recent years. Usage of insufficient resources and management of them form a view of social economic and political branches, huge heap of investigation and innovation have been on search. Due to this new material choice new production methods and management in architecture and new architectural design, it is emphasized new era started for architecture. Recent projects serves under names of Solar City, Eco city and Passive House to the consumers. Nevertheless it is mentioned here as city, an exact comprehensive urban design and plan can not be seen. All achievement has a break after building scale. Public realms are the most affected places of this situation. Not only in the city also in the rural area, it has new formations and new social relations in daily life with this new era. The main aim of the this thesis is exploring the public space notion and development of public space from antique era till today and a foresee to the future. This thesis consist of European cities public space research and new forms it in ecocities to understand how public space was formed and is formed. Sürdürülerbilirlik son yılların en çok üzerinde durulan konusudur. Kıt kaynakların kullanımı ve verimli yönetimi üzerine sosyo-ekonomik, politik dallarda yeni araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Ürün üretiminde ve seçimindeki bu gelişim mimari ölçekte gerek malzeme seçiminde ve kullanımında gerekse tasarımda çevresel verilerin artık daha çok göz önüne alınmasından dolayı mimaride farklı bir sürecin başladığını vurgulamaktadır. Son dönem mimari projeler Solar Kent, Eko-Şehir, Pasif Ev gibi isimler altında yeni konseptlerle kullanıcılara sunulmaya çalışılıyor. Her ne kadar burada kent terimi geçmiş olsa da aslında bütüncül ve sürdürülebilir bir anlayıştan ziyade alınan kararlar ve uygulamalar yapı ölçeğinde kalmaktadır. Kamusal mekanlar ise bu durumdan en çok etkilenen mekanlar olmaktadır. Sadece kentte değil kırsal alanda da yaşayanları etkileyen yeni bir süreç ve yeni kamusal alan ve kamusal mekan anlayışları ve konut dışında gelişen günlük hayatta farklı sosyal ilişkilerin yaşanacağı yeni bir dönem başlamaktadır. Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011 Yüksek Lisans M.Sc.

Sustainability is the most popular subject of recent years. Usage of insufficient resources and management of them form a view of social economic and political branches, huge heap of investigation and innovation have been on search. Due to this new material choice new production methods and management in architecture and new architectural design, it is emphasized new era started for architecture. Recent projects serves under names of Solar City, Eco city and Passive House to the consumers. Nevertheless it is mentioned here as city, an exact comprehensive urban design and plan can not be seen. All achievement has a break after building scale. Public realms are the most affected places of this situation. Not only in the city also in the rural area, it has new formations and new social relations in daily life with this new era. The main aim of the this thesis is exploring the public space notion and development of public space from antique era till today and a foresee to the future. This thesis consist of European cities public space research and new forms it in ecocities to understand how public space was formed and is formed. Sürdürülerbilirlik son yılların en çok üzerinde durulan konusudur. Kıt kaynakların kullanımı ve verimli yönetimi üzerine sosyo-ekonomik, politik dallarda yeni araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Ürün üretiminde ve seçimindeki bu gelişim mimari ölçekte gerek malzeme seçiminde ve kullanımında gerekse tasarımda çevresel verilerin artık daha çok göz önüne alınmasından dolayı mimaride farklı bir sürecin başladığını vurgulamaktadır. Son dönem mimari projeler Solar Kent, Eko-Şehir, Pasif Ev gibi isimler altında yeni konseptlerle kullanıcılara sunulmaya çalışılıyor. Her ne kadar burada kent terimi geçmiş olsa da aslında bütüncül ve sürdürülebilir bir anlayıştan ziyade alınan kararlar ve uygulamalar yapı ölçeğinde kalmaktadır. Kamusal mekanlar ise bu durumdan en çok etkilenen mekanlar olmaktadır. Sadece kentte değil kırsal alanda da yaşayanları etkileyen yeni bir süreç ve yeni kamusal alan ve kamusal mekan anlayışları ve konut dışında gelişen günlük hayatta farklı sosyal ilişkilerin yaşanacağı yeni bir dönem başlamaktadır. Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011 Yüksek Lisans M.Sc.

AbstractIn this study, a novel solar tower-based gas turbine-driven multi-generation plant is proposed and analyzed in detail with energy, exergy, economic, and environmental impact analysis. A multiobjective optimization is performed by incorporating all performance indicators simultaneously. The proposed plant consists of an intercooling-regenerative-reheat solarized gas turbine cycle as the primary power cycle of a multi-generation plant for the first time. Two organic Rankine cycles are used to utilize waste heat of intercooling section and exhaust of gas turbine. To produce the multi-generation products of power, cooling, industrial process heating, fresh water, floor heating, green hydrogen, domestic hot water, hot air for food drying, and greenhouse heating, power cycles are integrated with a multi-effect desalination, a double-effect absorption refrigeration cycle, an electrolyzer, a drying hot air unit, a greenhouse heater, and an industrial process heater. A rigorous parametric analysis is performed to reveal the effects of variations of decision variables on the plant performance. At the optimum conditions, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, average unit product exergy cost, and emission savings values are determined as 57.23%, 40.7%, 0.08315 $/kWh, and 948.7 kg CO2/h, respectively. Moreover, proposed plant can produce 1962 kW power and 3.353 kg/h hydrogen in addition to other utilities with a system cost rate of 0.05134 $/s and 3226 kW exergy destruction rate.

AbstractIn this study, a novel solar tower-based gas turbine-driven multi-generation plant is proposed and analyzed in detail with energy, exergy, economic, and environmental impact analysis. A multiobjective optimization is performed by incorporating all performance indicators simultaneously. The proposed plant consists of an intercooling-regenerative-reheat solarized gas turbine cycle as the primary power cycle of a multi-generation plant for the first time. Two organic Rankine cycles are used to utilize waste heat of intercooling section and exhaust of gas turbine. To produce the multi-generation products of power, cooling, industrial process heating, fresh water, floor heating, green hydrogen, domestic hot water, hot air for food drying, and greenhouse heating, power cycles are integrated with a multi-effect desalination, a double-effect absorption refrigeration cycle, an electrolyzer, a drying hot air unit, a greenhouse heater, and an industrial process heater. A rigorous parametric analysis is performed to reveal the effects of variations of decision variables on the plant performance. At the optimum conditions, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, average unit product exergy cost, and emission savings values are determined as 57.23%, 40.7%, 0.08315 $/kWh, and 948.7 kg CO2/h, respectively. Moreover, proposed plant can produce 1962 kW power and 3.353 kg/h hydrogen in addition to other utilities with a system cost rate of 0.05134 $/s and 3226 kW exergy destruction rate.

The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data- taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7.6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22.1+/-0.9 ��m and a relative momentum resolution ��p/p = (4.83+/-0.16) \times 10-4 GeV-1 \times pT have been measured for high momentum tracks. 34 pages, 25 figures