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The analysis of scientific works shows that the development of technology is ahead of the level of development of energy management. There are no clear comparisons of the energy efficiency of electrical technologies and heat technologies. Objective indicators of energy efficiency in various technologies of dehydration of raw materials not developed yet. In that article assumed that objective results for comparing energy efficiency in the processing of raw materials is obtained by the basis of system analysis of the entire energy conversion chain from fuel to finished product. The purpose of the work is experimentally proving the objectivity of this hypothesis. To achieve this goal, it is proposing to use the indicator of the energy share of fuel in the finished product and the amount of moisture removed when burning 1 kg of fuel, which does not depend on fluctuations in energy prices, which can vary and differ for different countries. The most important result of the work is the comparison of these parameters with the data for innovative equipment samples developed by the authors. The significance of the results obtained is that the evaporating devices developed by the authors are not inferior in efficiency to traditional ones, and make it possible to obtain concentrates up to 90 ° brix. Thus, for fuels with an oil equivalent of 40 MJ per 1 kg, traditional dryers can remove no more than 3 kg of moisture, cryoconcentrators – 20 kg.

The issues of improving the efficiency of methanol usage as a promising marine power plant fuel with low carbon content are discussed. The main aim of the research is an analysis of characteristics of advanced marine gas turbine power plants with the combined thermodynamic and thermochemical regeneration of waste heat. The possible methanol conversion at the expense thermochemical heat regeneration of marine engines recoverable resources has been revealed. The analysis of parameters influences of the waste heat recoverable resources, as well as restrictions related to the engine system of gas fuel injection, on the efficiency of methanol conversion has been carried out. It was demonstrated that the simulation of methanol steam conversion processes results in the pressure increase in the reactor, which, in its turn, causes a shift of conversion efficiency process towards higher temperature area. The calculation scheme of steam injection gas turbine plant with the joint thermodynamic and thermochemical regeneration of waste heat is demonstrated. The results of mathematical simulation of the processes in regeneration plant under the 3.4 MW constant capacity and heat exchanger thermal ratio of 0.85 were obtained. The cycle optimization has been based on the efficiency of plant under the conditions of variation of water/methanol ratio and gas temperatures in thermochemical regenerator. The efficiency increase constituted 4% relative to characteristics of the base engine operating on methanol. The estimation of carbon content in produced syngas has shown that thermochemical regeneration of methanol conversion by using the waste heat can reduce the energy efficiency by 1.5 times.

The market trends of food products of long-term storage, instant cooking and functional purpose are analyzed. The problems of energy technologies for the production of such concentrates were identified. The aim of the study is to develop energy technology systems that guarantee a high degree of raw material target components preservation during energy costs reducing. To achieve this aim the hypotheses of the implementation of innovative projects, based on the technology of address energy delivery to the elements of food raw materials were formulated. Physical, parametric and mathematical models of evaporators and dryers with electromagnetic energy sources were presented. The results of a study of the drying kinetics on a belt plant with combined infrared and microwave generators were analyzed. The most significant results of the work are: mathematical models of heat and mass transfer processes under the electromagnetic energy action, a complex of kinetic dependences during plant material drying, samples of innovative equipment for dehydration of food raw materials using microwave and infrared energy sources. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that energy-intensive drying is excluded from traditional technologies for the concentrate production. Implementation of innovative projects for the concentrate production from food raw materials in the extractors and evaporators reduces energy expenditures by 1.5–2 times from 39.5 MJ per kg of removed moisture to 11.4 MJ. High quality products are ensured, since more than 80% of the volatile aromatic and flavoring compounds that are lost in the spray dryer are fully preserved.

Формирование многоукладной рыночной экономики в России, а также ослабление системы государственного регулирования ее состояния способствовало значительному росту количественных и качественных угроз финансовой безопасности. Целью статьи является исследование классификации угроз финансовой безопасности государства с позиции трансформации социально‑экономической системы. В статье применен диалектический метод научно- го познания при изучении роли финансовой безопасности и классификации угроз финансовой безопасности. Рассмотрены факторы возникновения угроз финансовой безопасности государства, составляющие финансовой безопасности в структуре национальной безопасности, угрозы составляющим финансовой безопасности государства. Следует отметить, что своевременное выявление угроз финансовой безопасности позволит предпринять меры по их предотвращению и предупреждению. Под финансовой безопасностью государства будем понимать составную часть экономической безопасности государства, характеризующую защиту финансовых интересов всех хозяйствующих субъектов, а также обеспечивающую такое развитие финансовой системы и финансовых отношений между ее институтами в государстве, которое позволяет: 1) нивелировать внешние и внутренние дестабилизирующие факторы, составляющие угрозу финансовой безопасности, формируя основу для сохранения сбалансированности и устойчивости всех звеньев финансовой системы; 2) обеспечивать необходимыми финансовыми ресурсами основных участников экономической деятельности для сохранения и укрепления национального суверенитета страны, обеспечения стабильного социально‑экономического развития государства; 3) создать условия для невозможности злоупотребления или использования финансовых ресурсов в незакрепленных нормативно‑правовыми актами сферах. Недостаточность финансовых ресурсов, которая возникает в результате реализации угроз финансовой безопасности, приводит к недофинансированию определенных программ, что представляет собой угрозу национальной безопасности. Угроза составным частям национальной безопасности приводит к необходимости увеличения их финансирования, что, в свою очередь, представляет собой угрозу финансовой безопасности. Несмотря на значительное давление со стороны за- рубежных стран, Российская Федерация предпринимает меры по нейтрализации внешних угроз национальной безопасности, снижая возможность влияния извне на свою международную позицию The formation of a multi‑market economy in Russia, as well as the weakening of the state regulation system over its condition, contributed to a significant increase in quantitative and qualitative threats to financial security. The purpose of the article is to study the classification of threats to the financial security of the state from the position of transforming the socio‑economic system. The article uses the dialectical method of scientific cognition in studying the role of financial security and the classification of threats to financial security. The factors of the emergence of threats to the financial security of the state, the components of financial security in the structure of national security, threats to the components of the financial security of the state are examined. It should be noted that timely detection of threats to financial security will allow taking measures to prevent and avoid them. Under the financial security of the state, we will understand the co‑part of the economic security of the state, which characterizes the protection of the financial interests of all economic entities, and also ensures the development of the financial system and financial relations in the state, which allows: 1) to level out external and internal destabilizing factors, which constitute a threat to financial security, forming the basis for maintaining the balance and stability of all parts of the financial system; 2) provide the necessary financial resources of the main participants of economic activity for preserving and strengthening the national sovereignty of the country, ensuring stable social and economic development of the state; 3) create conditions for the inability to abuse or use financial resources in the areas that are not enforced by regulatory and legal acts. Insufficient financial resources that arise as a result of implementation of the threats to financial security lead to under‑ financing of certain programs, which, in turn, poses a threat to the national security №4(45) (2018)