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The object of research is the social rating system in China. The paper considers the experience of introducing the public policy tool «Social Rating» in China. The paper analyzes the norms for regulating the life of members of society in order to effectively use the funds allocated by the state to the sphere of the country's social policy. The study used various research methods to understand the existing problems and identify areas of social policy risk management in the context of the implementation of social ratings in China. The study used a systematic approach to a comprehensive study of social ratings as an instrument of China's state policy. The political science analysis made it possible to generalize and interpret the results of the introduction of the social rating. The state program is considered in the part devoted to the fight against fraud and financial fraud in business. The experience of the People's Republic of China regarding the creation of «black lists» of organizations that violate contracts and do not pay taxes is studied. The point system «Social rating» depending on the region of the country is considered. The project of analysis of the socio-political behavior of individuals, companies and other organizations to determine their «social reputation», on the basis of which an encouraging or sanctions policy of regulation is carried out, has been studied. The demographic situation in the People's Republic of China (PRC) has been studied. Scenarios of China's demographic policy are considered. The current risks and problems of the social rating in China are also highlighted, the priority tasks of its reform are shown. adopted in 2021 at the legislative level of the PRC, the innovative program «Social Rating» to manage social risks, such as unemployment, population decline, low incomes, and which has become a tool for comprehensive control over people through the collection and processing of personal data. The introduction of a social rating program, with the help of which it is planned to build a fully regulated Chinese society, is analyzed.

In this article, the author made an attempt to present and analyze issues related to global environmental problems, and in particular, the role of carbon dioxide in global warming. Well-known facts and unexpected findings are intended to awaken in the reader a critical attitude towards the prevailing beliefs in these matters. From the point of view of a chemist, the reality of extracting CO2 from air and converting it back into fuel is assessed. Simple energy calculations make it possible to assess the ability of "green" energy to replace carbon and influence the climate warming process. And finally, the key proposals are presented from the point of view of a technologist, since it is technologists who make real and implement the most daring discoveries and projects of scientists and inventors.

This paper outlines the prospect of obtaining water from atmospheric air by cooling it to the dew point temperature using refrigeration machines in order to partially reduce water scarcity in the arid regions of our planet. To minimize energy costs in the systems for obtaining water from atmospheric air, it is proposed to utilize solar energy with absorption refrigeration units (ARUs) acting as a source of artificial cold. The characteristic thermodynamic processes have been analyzed in a modernized ARU, capable of working at a lower thermal energy source's temperature than its analogs. The possibility has been studied to reduce the temperature of the heat source by including a solution vaporizer in the ARU scheme. The analysis involved an authentic method based on the balance of specific streams of ARU working body components and actual boundary conditions at characteristic points of the cycle. A limit was shown for the level of a minimum boiling temperature in the ARU generator (from 90 °C) when the systems for obtaining water from atmospheric air are operated under current climatic conditions. The simulation of heat-and-mass exchange processes during contact interaction between a steam-gas mixture and ammonia water solution was carried out. Based on variant calculations, it has been shown that the proposed ARU structure with an adiabatic solution vaporizer could work as part of systems to obtain water from atmospheric air at a hot spring temperature above 100 °C and constructively enough fits into the element base of standard models. It has been proposed to use two types of solar thermal energy sources to operate ARU. In a tropical climate, with vacuum solar collectors or solar energy hubs; in a temperate climate zone, with solar collectors with water as a heat carrier

The analysis of scientific works shows that the development of technology is ahead of the level of development of energy management. There are no clear comparisons of the energy efficiency of electrical technologies and heat technologies. Objective indicators of energy efficiency in various technologies of dehydration of raw materials not developed yet. In that article assumed that objective results for comparing energy efficiency in the processing of raw materials is obtained by the basis of system analysis of the entire energy conversion chain from fuel to finished product. The purpose of the work is experimentally proving the objectivity of this hypothesis. To achieve this goal, it is proposing to use the indicator of the energy share of fuel in the finished product and the amount of moisture removed when burning 1 kg of fuel, which does not depend on fluctuations in energy prices, which can vary and differ for different countries. The most important result of the work is the comparison of these parameters with the data for innovative equipment samples developed by the authors. The significance of the results obtained is that the evaporating devices developed by the authors are not inferior in efficiency to traditional ones, and make it possible to obtain concentrates up to 90 ° brix. Thus, for fuels with an oil equivalent of 40 MJ per 1 kg, traditional dryers can remove no more than 3 kg of moisture, cryoconcentrators – 20 kg.

The aim of research is to simulate the zones of solar radiation on the curved surfaces of the shells of high-rise buildings for the effective use of renewable solar energy. An urgent task is the development of tools that can substantiate the decision-making by designers about the location of solar thermal devices in the energy-efficient design of curvilinear high-rise buildings. The main attention is paid to high-rise buildings, is actively growing in modern megalopolises and requires a significant energy resource. To optimize the integration of solar thermal devices in high-rise buildings, it is important to take into account a set of design parameters, including parameters of surface shape and location in space. A feature of curved surfaces, considered in the study, is their aerodynamic properties, which provide them with the advantage of choosing among modern high-rise buildings. At the same time, the complexity of setting the parameters of a curved surface to determine the zones of solar radiation for the effective use of regenerative solar energy lies in providing reliable and convenient tools for optimizing decision-making. The study proposes an application of the method based on a discrete geometric model of solar radiation input on the surface of the shells of high-rise buildings, described by compartments of curved geometric surfaces. As a result of modeling, let’s obtain a family of lines of the same level of solar radiation on a certain curved surface for the given parameters of time and geographic location. As an example of simulation modeling, the performed calculations of the instantaneous model of the distribution of solar radiation on the compartments of the curved surfaces of an ellipsoid of revolution, hemisphere, hyperbolic paraboloid. On the basis of the proposed model for the distribution of solar radiation over curvilinear surfaces of buildings, the influence of factors arising in the design process is investigated: changes in the geometric parameters of the surface shape, orientation to the cardinal points, the formation of zones of its own shadow on surfaces. Calculations were performed and instantaneous solar radiation zones were constructed on the surfaces of a hemisphere, a hyperbolic paraboloid with various geometric parameters, taking into account different orientations relative to the cardinal points, and determining the zones of its own shadow. At this stage of the study, the result is an algorithm for constructing zones of different levels of solar radiation on curved surfaces of high-rise buildings. The advantage of the algorithm is the ability to analyze the results of changes in the design parameters of the surface of a high-rise building when placing solar systems on them. The proposed approach will provide a basis for automating the modeling process, will help expand the scope of solar systems in high-rise construction and increase the efficiency of their work

The relevance of this study is to solve the basic task for society to ensure sustainable management by improving the spatial management system of natural resource assets, increase their usage efficiency and ensure sustainable socio-economic development of Ukraine on this basis. At all levels of the state government, there appeared a need to ensure spatial management and transform the organizational structure of natural resource management on the basis of the introduction of a modern system of territorial natural entities with the change of relevant functions, mechanisms and powers in the direction of increasing the ecological and economic effect in various spheres of economic activity. Aim of the research: identification of the highest priority, to ensure sustainable management in resource constraints, the composition of threats and risks and their grouping; development of a closed scheme of permanent clarification of the most important, for spatial sustainable development, threats and risks. The methodological basis of the study is the work of domestic and foreign scientists on spatial management of natural resources, sustainable spatial development and economic security, regulations, analytical and statistical materials of ministries and departments, international organizations, other scientific and information materials. The study involves the use of a number of interrelated methods, including methods: analysis and synthesis; system analysis; economic and mathematical; expert assessments; graphic, etc. The scheme of grouping of organizational and economic mechanisms of realization of spatial model of management of sustainable management within a certain state formation is constructed. According to which a universal, for three stages of implementation of the corresponding type of macro- model (initiation, consolidation, incorporation) spatial management of sustainable development, algorithm is developed. The use of the latter involves: continuous grouping and identification of the most significant threats and risks (in a closed cycle of management, organizational and economic, forecasting, analytical and econometric procedures); development of measures to eliminate the consequences of turbulent shifts.

Nature-based solutions (NBS) offer multiple solutions to urban challenges simultaneously, but realising funding for NBS remains a challenge. When the concept of NBS for societal challenges was first defined by the EC in 2017, financing was recognised as one of the major challenges to its mainstreaming. The complexity of NBS finance has its origin in the multiple benefits/stakeholders involved, which obscures the argument for both public and private sector investment. Since 2017, subsequent waves of EU research- and innovation-funded projects have substantially contributed to the knowledge base of funding and business models for NBS, particularly in the urban context. Collaborating and sharing knowledge through an EU Task Force, this first set of EU projects laid important knowledge foundations, reviewing existing literature, and compiling empirical evidence of different financing approaches and the business models that underpinned them. The second set of EU innovation actions advanced this knowledge base, developing and testing new implementation models, business model tools, and approaches. This paper presents the findings of these projects from a business model perspective to improve our understanding of the value propositions of NBS to support their mainstreaming.