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The research deals with problems of animal waste potential usage in order to produce biogas for energy generation in Ukraine. Although there are favorable conditions to develop biogas sector based on animal waste, the share energy, produced from it, is extremely low. The paper analyzes energy potential of agricultural biomass in Ukraine, economic tools, aimed at stimulating electricity generation from biogas based on animal waste, the results of their impact on biogas plants deployment. Among a number of barriers, which inhibit the development of this sector in Ukraine, the main ones are the need for significant initial investments to construct profitable biogas plants and a large amount of raw materials for their uninterrupted operation. Given the fact that 48.2% of farm animals are concentrated in small-scale farms and households, which cannot individually implement biogas projects, it is proposed to combine their financial and raw material resources within energy co-operatives. Economic benefits, which may be gained by small-scale farms within energy co-operative through the sale of electricity, generated from biogas, by feed-in tariff are calculated. It is discussed that in addition to economic benefits for small-scale farms owners, realization of the co-operative model in the bio-energy sector will let to obtain a number of ecological and social benefits both for territorial communities, and the state as a whole. International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, Vol 18 (2018)

The relevance of this study is to solve the basic task for society to ensure sustainable management by improving the spatial management system of natural resource assets, increase their usage efficiency and ensure sustainable socio-economic development of Ukraine on this basis. At all levels of the state government, there appeared a need to ensure spatial management and transform the organizational structure of natural resource management on the basis of the introduction of a modern system of territorial natural entities with the change of relevant functions, mechanisms and powers in the direction of increasing the ecological and economic effect in various spheres of economic activity. Aim of the research: identification of the highest priority, to ensure sustainable management in resource constraints, the composition of threats and risks and their grouping; development of a closed scheme of permanent clarification of the most important, for spatial sustainable development, threats and risks. The methodological basis of the study is the work of domestic and foreign scientists on spatial management of natural resources, sustainable spatial development and economic security, regulations, analytical and statistical materials of ministries and departments, international organizations, other scientific and information materials. The study involves the use of a number of interrelated methods, including methods: analysis and synthesis; system analysis; economic and mathematical; expert assessments; graphic, etc. The scheme of grouping of organizational and economic mechanisms of realization of spatial model of management of sustainable management within a certain state formation is constructed. According to which a universal, for three stages of implementation of the corresponding type of macro- model (initiation, consolidation, incorporation) spatial management of sustainable development, algorithm is developed. The use of the latter involves: continuous grouping and identification of the most significant threats and risks (in a closed cycle of management, organizational and economic, forecasting, analytical and econometric procedures); development of measures to eliminate the consequences of turbulent shifts.

The use of Urea–Ammonia Mixture (UAM), 32% contributes to an in–crease in the productivity of agricultural land, with a decrease in the cost per unit of production of fodder and other crops. The composition and ratio of components, UAM, 32% contains three forms of nitrogen–ammonia (25%), amide (50%) and nitrate (25%), due to which the fertilizer acts for a long time, and vegetative alfalfa plants are provided with nitrogen throughout the growing season of the crop. The cost of nitrogen in UAM, 32% is the lowest, since its losses when using UAM, 32% on alfalfa do not exceed 10% of the total content. When applying UAM, 32%, the stability of organic diversity, characterized by a positive evolutionary process and adaptability of a complex of organisms associated with external factors of the environment without violations of the ratios of dominant species of organisms, was established. UAM, 32% does not affect levels of global biodiversity, with abiotic levels of agrocenoses, which provide optimal indicators of the circulation of substances, energy and information, as well as mechanisms for preserving the ecological niche and conditions for the existence of a diversity of biota.

The article is aimed at researching priority sectors of investment in the energy sphere. The share of global investments in electric energy, oil, gas, development of renewable energy sources, and also in energy efficiency is analyzed. It is indicated that global investments in energy sector have decreased somewhat, in particular the investments in renewable energy sources have reduced the most. Energy investments of the world countries where the largest investors are the countries with the developed economies, namely China and the United States of America, are researched. Investment trends in the energy sector of both developed and developing countries are defined. The role of renewable energy sources in increasing access to electricity and promoting investment in electric energy decentralization technologies is allocated. The general investments and investments of the exchange market in renewable energy sources are analyzed, their priority sectors are defined. The risks that can reduce investments in energy in general and in renewable energy sources in particular are indicated.

Observations of the process of ontogenesis in a group of woody plants and forest grass in the phytocenoses of the Ukrainian Polesie of Sumy region with their division into boreal and nemoral species were done. Found that in the last two decades, nemoral plant species begin vegetation earlier and pass the first phases of the ontogenetic cycle faster than boreal species. Changes in plant ontogenesis, in turn, lead to changes in the population characteristics of plant species: the number of individuals in the population, the size and configuration of the population field and the ontogenetic and vital spectra of populations changed. There has been a tendency to regular changes in the ontogenetic spectra of both nemoral and boreal plant species, but their nature was different. In nemoral plant species, the proportion of juvenile and immature individuals in the ontogenetic spectra increased and populations acquired the character of invasive, reflecting the process of progressive strengthening of their position in phytocenoses. In populations of boreal species, on the contrary, the ageing process accelerated – the proportion of old generative, senile and subsenile individuals increased.

Automobile industry is one of the most developed industries in Ukraine and in the world today. The ever-increasing demand for transportation leads to an increase in demand for fuel, which in turn increases its deficit and value. Therefore, the high cost of traditional hydrocarbon fuels and the constant reduction of their world reserves compels scientists to find renewable biofuels. The objective of this paper is to present results of a study aimed at investigating the possibility of using alternative fuels derived from the alcohol industry waste, in pure form and as additives to hydrocarbon fuels. According to the results, the main technical and operational properties of alternative fuels received on the basis of A-92 petrol and fusel oils, experimental values of density, viscosity, distillation temperature on the ENGLER machine, temperature of formation steam congestion, their optimal percentages in the mix for different types were obtained in internal combustion engines. The findings of the research also indicate that an addition of fusel oils to A-92 gasoline leads to improvement of the viscosity-temperature characteristics of formed mixtures and increase in the temperature of formation steam cork, which ultimately reduces the consumption of fuels by 10-12% and also contributes to solving the problem of recycling fusel oils.

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Chowdhry, M. u hammad Aslam Uqaili, Design and implementation of intelligent energy efficient conveyor system model based on variable speed drive control and physical modeling, International Journal of Control and Automation 9 (2016) 379\u2013388. URL: https://doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2016.9.6.36. doi:10.14257/ijca.2016.9.6.36"]} The article considers the synthesis of an optimal discrete control algorithm for the conveyor belt speed, based on the use of Time-Of-Use tariffs. Methods have been investigated that reduce the consumption of electricity required to transport material from the extracted place to the place of processing. It is shown that the uneven distribution of material along the transportation route for long multi-section conveyors leads to a significant increase in the share of transportation costs among the total costs of material extraction. The systems for controlling the flow parameters of the transport system are analyzed to ensure uniform distribution of material along the transport route and reduce the cost of transporting material. It has been demonstrated that energy management methodology is an effective tool to reduce the cost of material transportation. Analyzed the common classes of tariffs using electricity by industrial enterprises, which can be successfully used in the design of control systems for flow parameters of the conveyor line. When synthesizing algorithms for regulating the speed of the belt, the model of primary friction and the assumption of the absence of a stress wave in the belt during instantaneous switching of the speed modes were used. An analytical model of the conveyor is presented in a dimensionless form, taking into account the transport delay. The problem of optimal control of the speed of the conveyor belt at fixed energy consumption for the considered control interval is formulated. The ranges of variation of the model parameters are estimated. An algorithm for optimal regulation of the belt speed using the coefficients Ukraine – TOU periods is synthesized. The influence of the initial conditions on the belt speed control modes is analyzed.