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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2012Publisher:Rutgers University Humpula, James F.; Dale, Bruce E.; Balan, Venkatesh; Sousa, Leonardo;Chundawat, Shishir P. S.;
Chundawat, Shishir P. S.
Chundawat, Shishir P. S. in OpenAIREdoi: 10.7282/t3gm89jk
Development of environmentally sustainable and economically viable technologies for plant cell wall deconstruction to fermentable sugars has been impeded due to native plant cell wall recalcitrance to thermochemical and biological based processing. Lower severity alkaline-based pretreatment processes like Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX™) can overcome several limitations of traditional pretreatment approaches (e.g., acidic pretreatments) to producing cellulosic biofuels and biochemicals. Here, we give an overview of chemical reactions taking place during alkaline pretreatments including reactions between ammonia and polysaccharides/lignin (e.g., ammonolysis, hydrolysis and Maillard-type reactions). AFEX™ based pretreatments enhance enzymatic digestibility and fermentability of lignocellulosic biomass through various chemical and ultra-structural modifications within the cell wall. An improved mechanistic understanding of the AFEX™ process has led to the development of novel alkaline pretreatments that are briefly discussed in this review.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Article 2010 United StatesPublisher:JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland Ben-Zvi, Ilan; Calaga, R.; Hahn, H.; Hammons, L.; Johnson, E.; Kayran, D.; Litvinenko, V.; Kewisch, J.; Xu, W.;A prototype ampere-class superconducting energy recovery linac (ERL) is under advanced construction at BNL. The ERL facility is comprised of a five-cell SC Linac plus a half-cell SC photo-injector RF electron gun, both operating at 703.75 MHz. The facility is designed for either a high-current mode of operation up to 0.5 A at 703.75 MHz or a high-bunch-charge mode of 5 nC at 10 MHz bunch frequency. The R facility serves a test bed for an envisioned electron-hadron collider, eRHIC. The high-current, high-charge operating parameters make effective higher-order-mode (HOM) damping mandatory, and requires to determination of HOM tolerances for a cavity upgrade. The niobium cavity has been tested at superconducting temperatures and has provided measured dipole shunt impedances for the estimate of a beam breakup instability. The facility will be assembled with a highly flexible lattice covering a vast operational parameter space for verification of the estimates and to serve as a test bed for the concepts directed at future projects. Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.18429/jacow-ipac2010-weobra03&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021Publisher:Zenodo Authors:Tung, H.Y. Lim;
Tung, H.Y. Lim
Tung, H.Y. Lim in OpenAIRELimtung, Pierre;
Limtung, Pierre
Limtung, Pierre in OpenAIRESARS-COV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19 is able to infect cells through its Spike protein (SPp) which must first bind to its receptor ACE2. Most currently developed vaccines target the SARS-COV-2 encoded Spike protein. Many SARS-COV-2 variants have been identified that exhibit several mutations in their Spike protein. SARS-COV-2 variant, B.1.526 was identified in New York, U.S.A. [Annavajhala, M.K. (2021) medRxiv, DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.23.21) and shown to contain the mutations, L5F, T95I, D253G, E484K, S477N, D614G and A701V. T95 and S477 of SPp are phosphorylation sites for a number of Protein kinases, including Cdk1 and GSK-3. Here, through Computerized Structure Model Analysis and Thermodynamic Calculations, it is shown that phosphorylations of T95 and S477 increases the stabilities of SARS-COV-2 encoded SPp-ACE2 and SPp-DC-SIGN complexes with very marginal effects on the binding efficiencies between the components of the complexes, and mutations T95I and S477N antagonize the effects of the phosphorylations of T95 and S477. Thus, it appears that SARS-COV-2 variant, B.1.526 has adapted to exploit the protein phosphorylation apparatus of its host cells to its advantage, and the effects of phosphorylation of of T95 and S477 are blunted through random mutation. Whether Neutralizing Antibodies that target SPp can recognize the phosphorylated forms of SPp is currently unknown.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 31visibility views 31 download downloads 25 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5281/zenodo.4959819&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Other literature type 2008 SpainPublisher:WIP-Munich Funded by:EC | IBPOWEREC| IBPOWERAuthors: Cánovas Díaz, Enrique; Martí Vega, Antonio; Fuertes Marrón, David; Antolín Fernández, Elisa; +4 AuthorsCánovas Díaz, Enrique; Martí Vega, Antonio; Fuertes Marrón, David; Antolín Fernández, Elisa; García-Linares Fontes, Pablo; Luque López, Antonio; Farmer, C.D.; Stanley, Colin;In this paper we present an optical characterization for quantum dot intermediate band solar cells (QDIBSCs). The cells were developed by growing a stack of ten InAs/GaAs QDs layers between p and n doped GaAs conventional emitters. Electroluminescence, EL, photoreflectance, PR, and transmission electron microscopy, TEM, were applied to the samples in order to test and characterize them optically. The results, derived from the application of the different techniques, showed a good correlation. TEM images revealed a very good structural quality of the QDs, which seem to evolve in shape-strain from the bottom to the top of the stack. Corresponding to the quality observed by TEM, strong signals from EL and PR resolved unambiguously the energy band diagram of the QDIBSCs. By fitting PR data we were able to indentify the coexistence of bands and discrete energy levels coming from the IB material. The PR data evidenced also a strong electric field over the dots, attributed to the space charge region created between the p-n emitters sandwiching the IB material. From EL results, we identified the predominantly radiative nature of the IB material related energy transitions. 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 298-301
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAConference object . 2009 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAConference object . 2009 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2021Embargo end date: 03 Mar 2021 United KingdomPublisher:CUSPE (Cambridge University Science and Policy Exchange) doi: 10.17863/cam.65442
Despite being a global problem, climate change has disproportionately large impacts on non-Western countries in the form of extreme weather events, threats to food security, and displacement of communities. Climate change mitigation is therefore an immediate priority requiring both international and local efforts. Motivating public action is especially important because pro-climate policies require public mandate to be approved and implemented. Behavioural scientists have identified communication strategies that can effectively motivate public support for climate action. However, most of this research has been conducted on Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic (or WEIRD) populations, making it unclear if these strategies can be applied elsewhere. In this perspective, we discuss climate change communication strategies that have been developed on WEIRD samples. These include using partisan messengers, conveying social norms, and citing experts. We posit that these climate communication strategies developed in Western societies may not be applicable in other populations. We then consider the cases of two countries–the Czech Republic and India to discuss how context-specific insights about citizens’ priorities, concerns, and experiences with nature can be used to communicate climate change. We build on these case studies to propose INCLUDE, a framework that can be adopted by communicators such as policymakers, elected officials, scientists, and activists in non-WEIRD societies to develop effective climate communication strategies informed by context specific and culture-specific insights.
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visibility 229visibility views 229 download downloads 289 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.17863/cam.65442&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2008 United StatesPublisher:Virginia Tech Authors: Cairns, John Jr.;In 1971, Garrett Hardin published an editorial entitled _Nobody Ever Dies of Overpopulation based on the cyclone that struck East Bengal and killed an estimated 500,000 people. Overcrowding forced people to live in a dangerous place like the Gangetic Delta which is barely above sea level. Now, 37 years later, a similar situation is unfolding in the Ganges River Delta in Bangladesh. This delta is also barely above sea level, and the water keeps rising due to global warming. If a large storm were to create hurricanes in this area housing and agricultural areas would be destroyed as well as power lines and water supply which would interfere with food deliveries and medical assistance. In a worst case scenario environmental refugees could reach 25 million and the death toll could be in the millions. If global climate change was one of the antecedent causes to this worst case scenario, would seal level rise and sever weather truly be the cause of deaths?
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2017 United States, United Kingdom, Australia, United States, United States, DenmarkPublisher:Consilience Authors: Porter, John; Howden, Mark; Smith, Pete; Stokholm, Michaela Schiller;handle: 2164/8350 , 1885/211997
The current paradigm of global economics with exponential and continuous economic growth is unsustainable as far as Earth system ecology is concerned. To support the Earth system and boost sustainable development, a functional and operational linkage between global ecology and economics should be established – which we term ‘carbonomics’. The simple basis of ‘carbonomics’ is that the more fossil and non-fossil carbon one has as stocks, and not flows, of carbon, the richer one is. This opinion piece makes some suggestions about how we might establish such a balanced relationship. Consilience, No 17 (2017): Issue Seventeen: 2017
Columbia University ... arrow_drop_down Columbia University Academic CommonsArticle . 2017Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8RX9HQ6Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Copenhagen: ResearchArticle . 2017Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Columbia University ... arrow_drop_down Columbia University Academic CommonsArticle . 2017Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8RX9HQ6Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Copenhagen: ResearchArticle . 2017Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2014Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Paull, John;{"references": ["Balfour, E. B. (1943). The Living Soil: Evidence of the importance to human health of soil vitality, with special reference to post-war planning. London: Faber and Faber.", "BFA. (2010). Australian Certified Organic Standard 2010 - Version: 1.0. Brisbane: Biological Farmers of Australia (BFA).", "Blackburn, J. S. (Ed.). (1949). Organic Husbandry, A Symposium. London: Biotechnic Press.", "Brander, M. (2003). Eve Balfour: Founder of the Soil Association & The Voice of the Organic Movement, A Biography. Haddington, UK.", "Burckhardt, T. (1967). Sacred Art in East and West: Its Principles and Methods (Lord Northbourne, Trans.). London: Perennial Books.", "Burnham, P. (2007). The College at Wye: A Historical Guide. Wye: Wye Historical Society.", "Charles, D. (2005). 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Dornach, Switzerland: Goetheanum.", "Wachsmuth, G. (1989). The Life and Work of Rudolf Steiner (O. D. Wannamaker & R. E. Raab, Trans. 2nd edition; first published in German 1941). Blauvert, NY: Spiritual Science Library.", "Werner, U. (1999). Anthroposophen in der Zeit der Nationalsozialismus 1933-1945. Muenchen: Verlag R. Oldenberg.", "Willer, H., & Lernoud, J. (Eds.). (2014). The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics and Emerging Trends 2014: Frick, Switzerland: Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) & Bonn: International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM).", "Wrench, G. T. (1946). Reconstruction by Way of the Soil. London: Faber and Faber."]} It was Lord Northbourne (Walter James; 1896-1982) who gifted to the world the term ‘organic farming’. His 1940 book Look to the Land is a manifesto of organic agriculture. In it he mooted a contest of “organic versus chemical farming” which he foresaw as a clash of world views that may last for generations. Northbourne’s ideas were foundational in launching the worldwide organics movement, and the book was a turning point in his own life. This biography relies on primary sources to draw a picture of Lord Northbourne. He was a very shy man, a talented artist, a capable linguist, a keen sportsman and an Olympic silver medallist, a graduate and lecturer in agriculture of the University of Oxford, a lifelong farmer, he was profoundly spiritual, an accomplished author, and as a wordsmith he could be a compelling advocate for his cause as Look to the Land shows. His interest in biodynamics led him to visit Switzerland in 1939 to invite the leading advocate of the times, Dr Ehrenfried Pfeiffer, to present the first conference on biodynamic farming in Britain, and it was in the following year that Look to the Land appeared. Rather than the mechanics or the practices of organics, Northbourne’s book presents the philosophy, the rationale, and the imperative of organic farming. The ideas of his organics manifesto took on a life of their own and were quickly spread globally, with early uptakes in the USA and Australia. Meanwhile, while maintaining lifelong interests and commitments to agriculture and education, Northbourne became progressively more engaged with spiritual matters, and his subsequent writings reflect his growing interest in metaphysics. He translated books by leading perennialist authors Frithjof Schuon, René Guénon, and Titus Burckhardt. Northbourne led a full life, but it is Look to the Land that is his enduring ideological legacy. This biography examines: firstly, the book, its ideas, history, uptake and impact; secondly, Northbourne’s life before Look to the Land; and thirdly, his life after Look to the Land. "He was a man of great vision, decisiveness, quiet humour and kindly authority … who brought to every facet of his widely ranging life a rare sense of harmony and balanced purpose. Above all he was a widely read man of very considerable scholarship with deep philosophical understanding … He was a man of great faith and rare belief who saw 'through a glass darkly' so much more than is given to most of us to see and experience" Duncan Skilbeck (1983, pp.78-79).
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2009 United StatesPublisher:Asian Journal of Experimental Sciences Authors: Cairns, John Jr.;The United States, which has been the poster child for car culture, has been warned of the unparalleled prospect of trillion-dollar deficits for years to come. Most state governments face severe reduction in tax monies, which will mean fewer funds for road and bridge repair, as well as reductions in other services. Personal debt is very high and home values have declined sharply, reducing the _nest egg of many families for retirement. In addition, the stock market decline has had deleterious effects on retirement funds. The car culture was built on cheap fuel, financing of car purchases, and a convenient national system of mostly free roads connecting nearly all parts of the United States. Personal transportation with cars has been the norm. Petroleum prices are down dramatically at the end of 2008, but people are driving less to pay off personal debt or because they have lost their jobs. Electric cars seemed promising until problems with coal-generated electricity became more generally known. In short, the car culture has passed a tipping point and alternative public transportation is not adequate for probable future needs. One characteristic of passing a tipping point is that return to the pre-tipping point conditions is very unlikely.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object , Other literature type 2016Embargo end date: 22 Nov 2016 United KingdomPublisher:ACM Gaglione, Andrea; Rodenas-Herraiz, David; Jia, Yu; Nawaz, Sarfraz; Mascolo, Cecilia; Soga, Kenichi; Seshia, Ashwin;doi: 10.17863/cam.6438
Structural monitoring applications such as corrosion assessment, measurement of concrete temperature or moisture content of critical bridge structures can greatly benefit from the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), however energy harvesting for the operation of the network remains a challenge in this setting. We present a multihop vibration-based energy harvesting WSN system for bridge monitoring applications. Our preliminary simulation experiments show that the system is able to maintain energy neutral operation over time, preserving energy with careful management of sleep and communication times.
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