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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1996 United StatesPublisher:Paris, France: INRA Authors: Poncet, Y.; Quensiere, J.;Metadata only record The article examines the application of a geographical information system (GIS) project to the sustainable development of a natural resource within the context of a fisheries production system in the Central Delta of the River Niger in Mali. The project, which takes into account the specific characteristics of the natural and social environment, results from the findings of a research programme carried out between 1986-94 to investigate the organization and dynamics of a production sector which is based on the exploitation of a natural renewable resource. The Central Delta of the Niger contributes around 90% annually of total fish production in Mali. Over recent years, however, increasing interest from developers, restrictions on fishing and conflict between producers have caused a crisis of production. Through the development of a system of spatial representation of the interactions between the social and natural systems of the area, the objectives of the GIS are to solve the conflicts associated with resource use, develop an effective system of resource management and ensure the long term sustainability of the resource. (CAB Abstract)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Review 2017 BelgiumPublisher:Geo-Eco-Trop Authors: Gemenne, François; Blocher, Julia; De Longueville, Florence; Vigil diaz telenti, Sara; +3 AuthorsGemenne, François; Blocher, Julia; De Longueville, Florence; Vigil diaz telenti, Sara; Zickgraf, Caroline; Gharbaoui, Dalila; Ozer, Pierre;From the Sahel to the coastal zone, West Africa is experiencing a variety of environmental changes resulting from both slow processes and sudden shocks. These changes significantly influence migration patterns of populations within and outside of West Africa. In this region, where natural resources are the basis of livelihoods and food security, the relationship between environmental change and socio-economic vulnerability is of particular concern. Environmental degradation impacts the vulnerability of populations and their resiliency in complex ways. The presence of environmental and climatic stresses varies geographically. While desertification and drought are of primary importance for some areas, flooding, coastal erosion, and rising sea levels are the main dangers for others. Within the same population affected by the same climate threats, vulnerability and the likelihood of migration are influenced by socio-economic status, dependence on natural resources, and demographic characteristics. Given the differentiated vulnerabilities and resilience capacities, policies need to be adapted and implemented according to the particular needs of the populations. Policy-makers must also take account of vulnerability as perceived by the people concerned. Therefore, environmental mobility cannot be considered as strictly rational behavior based on real vulnerability. Local populations need to be informed of current and future environmental changes in order to accompany their mobility decisions. Migration can also be an important tool for resilience to socio-environmental change. Creating hosting infrastructure and putting in place mechanisms to protect migrants and displaced persons is a necessary step to mitigate future risks. Regional authorities need to work together to strengthen the resilience of communities of origin to climate shocks, but they must also facilitate migration as an adaptation strategy. De la zone aride au nord à la zone tropicale humide au sud, l’Afrique de l’Ouestconnaît une variété de changements environnementaux quiinfluencent les schémas de migration,tant interne que vers l’extérieur, de ses populations.Alors que la désertification et la sécheresse affectent particulièrement certaines zones, les inondations, l’érosion côtière et l’élévation du niveau de la mer sont les principaux dangers dans d’autres. Dans uncontexte où les ressources naturelles constituent la base des moyens de subsistance et de la sécurité alimentaire, la dégradation de l’environnement impacte de façon complexe la vulnérabilité des populations et ses capacités de résilience. Affectéspar les mêmes menaces climatiques, la vulnérabilité et la probabilité de migrer des individus/ménages sont influencées par leur dépendance aux ressources naturelles,leur statut socio-économique, et leurs caractéristiques démographiques. Compte tenu de ces différences, il est nécessaire que des politiques soient mises en œuvre pour répondre auxbesoins particuliers des populationslocales. Ces dernièresdoivent être informées des changements environnementaux actuels et futurs.La mobilité environnementale ne peut pas être considérée comme un comportement strictement rationnel basé sur la vulnérabilité réelle, les décideurs doivent également tenir compte de la vulnérabilité perçue par les personnes concernées. Créer des infrastructures d’accueil et mettre en place des mécanismes de protection des migrants et des personnesdéplacées est une étape nécessaire pour atténuer les risques futurs. Les autorités régionales doivent travailler ensemble pour renforcer la résilience des communautés d’origine aux chocs climatiques, mais ils doivent aussi faciliter la migration comme une stratégie d’adaptation.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1997 United StatesPublisher:Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: The Coordination Office: OAU/CSTR-SAFGRAD Authors: Bezuneh, T. (ed.); Emechebe, A. M. (ed.); Sedgo, J. (ed.); Ouedraogo, M. (ed.);Metadata only record The paper proposes a theory of technology development for semi-arid regions. It then evaluates the theory by reviewing the characteristics of technologies successfully introduced into the regions. Modeling is then used to identify some constraints to further technology introduction of the type proposed. Some specific policy recommendations to accelerate technology introduction are made.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1994 United StatesPublisher:Wageningen, Netherlands: Université Agronomique de Wageningen, Département de la Foresterie Authors: de Boer, F.; Kessler, J. J.;Metadata only record This document presents an analysis of Fulani pastoral farming systems that focuses on how pastoralists use silvopastoral land. It aims to provide the missing knowledge needed to implement the resource management ('gestion des terroirs') approach at village level. In this region the influence of pastoral land use on the environment appears to be less pronounced than that of crop cultivation, even though levels of animal production are reasonable. The carrying capacity of the region has not yet been attained. Current constraints to pastoral land use in the region arise from the encroachment of cropland at the expense of pastoral land, and the increase in animal numbers. To develop sustainable natural resource management at village level that includes Fulani pastoral land use, the key factors appear to be the integration of livestock husbandry and cropland cultivation at household level, agreements between pastoralists and cropland farmers on land tenure and resource management, and support targeting of Fulani households (which have so far been neglected). Specific recommendations are given. (CAB Abstract)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2010 BelgiumPublisher:Universite Libre de Bruxelles Authors: Kestemont, Bruno;Existe-t-il un consensus scientifique sur les conditions de la durabilité ?Est-il possible de construire un indicateur unique de soutenabilité faible ?Quelles sont les composantes objectives et subjectives des indicateurs ?Peut-on envisager des indicateurs objectifs de soutenabilité ?Quelles voies de recherche sont-elles nécessaires pour développer des indicateurs de développement durable ?Telles sont les questions auxquelles cet ouvrage tente de répondre.La comparaison des courants de la soutenabilité faible et de la soutenabilité forte nous sert de fil conducteur pour évaluer la part normative et la part objective du choix des paramètres et de leur méthode d'agrégation. L'agrégation arithmétique implique des hypothèses de substituabilité entre les facteurs, ce qui relève de la soutenabilité faible. La pondération, toujours normative, peut être explicite ou se traduire par le choix d'une unité ou dimension unique. Nous redéfinissons la soutenabilité faible comme étant la réduction de la complexité à une dimension unique. Il y a dès lors autant d'indicateurs de soutenabilité faible que de choix possibles de cette dimension unique. En particulier, l'empreinte écologique par habitant relève d'une forme "écologique" de soutenabilité faible. Le prix de marché est l'unité fondamentale de mesure de sa forme "économique". Nous montrons que les acteurs ne savent pas bien identifier leur intérêt et qu'ils ne sont pas parfaitement égoïstes, ce qui introduit un biais non systématique remarquable dans toute mesure en unité monétaire. La soutenabilité forte se caractérise par la multiplicité de dimensions ou "capitaux critiques" dont le dépassement d'un seul suffit à déterminer la non soutenabilité. Les différentes formes de soutenabilités faibles peuvent représenter des capitaux critiques parmi d'autres.Nous présentons une typologie des acteurs et du partage des responsabilités, également susceptible d'introduire des grandes divergences dans les résultats publiés. Quelques études de cas illustrent ces différents éléments dans des contextes contrastés. L'empreinte écologique de consommation se limite en particulier à une responsabilisation du seul consommateur, alors que les comptes nationaux permettent d'envisager la coresponsabilité de l'ensemble des acteurs. L'indicateur de "dématérialisation de l'économie" appliqué à un village indien montre la pertinence de mesurer l'utilisation absolue de matière sans pondération monétaire. Il est par ailleurs possible de minimiser le coût de dépollution sans toucher à la limite absolue d'émissions globales de centrales thermiques. Les deux dimensions, coûts sociaux et bénéfices environnementaux, peuvent donc être traitées séparément.En conclusion, il est possible d'identifier, dans chaque calcul d'indicateur de développement durable, une composante relativement objective de soutenabilité "forte" et une composante "faible", négociable, de partage des droits et responsabilités./ We study how different world views may influence how to develop sustainable development indicators. The comparison of weak sustainability and strong sustainability serves as a guide to estimate the share of objective versus normative choice of parameters and their method of aggregation. We then present a typology of actors and shared responsibilities, which may also introduce large discrepancies in the results published. Some case studies illustrate these different elements in contrasting contexts. It appears that it is possible to identify in each calculation of sustainable development indicator, a relatively objective component of sustainability and a negotiable component of shared rights and responsibilities. info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Doctorat en Sciences
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object 2014 BelgiumD'Ans, Pierre; Hohenauer, Wolfgang; Courbon, Emilie; Frère, Marc; Degrez, Marc; Descy, G.G. G.G.;info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2020 BelgiumPublisher:Tropicultura Authors: Ouédraogo, Félix; Ahouangninou, Claude; Kestemont, Marie-Paule; Kaboré, Madeleine;handle: 2078.1/252358
Plusieurs études scientifiques menées au Burkina Faso montrent que la dynamique de production maraîchère en cours est caractérisée par un usage fréquent et souvent non contrôlé d’intrants chimiques au détriment de la préservation des ressources naturelles, de la santé des consommateurs et de celle des producteurs eux-mêmes. Cette réalité déplorée par les pouvoirs publics, les scientifiques et les partenaires au développement, commande des actions structurelles adéquates, basées sur une connaissance réelle des niveaux de durabilité du secteur. C’est pour répondre à cette recommandation que nous avons mené cette recherche en vue d’analyser à travers l’outil « Indicateur de Durabilité des Exploitations Maraîchères/Burkina Faso », la durabilité des exploitations maraîchères du Houet selon une approche socio-écosystémique. Ainsi, nous avons mené sur la base d’indicateurs contextuels de durabilité, des entretiens par questionnaire auprès 180 producteurs répartis dans les milieux urbain, périurbain et rural de la province du Houet. Les résultats obtenus ont montré de manière générale que les exploitations maraîchères de la province présentent des scores de durabilité faibles. Toutefois, l’analyse des dimensions, des composantes et des indicateurs de durabilité choisis a présenté des disparités considérables, et inspiré des suggestions pour une orientation plus durable des modes de production maraîchère actuelles. Assessment of the sustainability of market gardening operations in Burkina Faso using a socio-ecosystem approach (case of Houet province)Several scientific studies conducted in Burkina Faso show that the current market gardening production dynamic is characterized by frequent and often uncontrolled use of chemical inputs to the detriment of the preservation of natural resources, the health of consumers and of producers themselves. This reality, deplored by public authorities, scientists and development partners, requires adequate structural actions, based on a real knowledge of the sector\'s sustainability levels. In order to respond to this recommendation we conducted this research analysing, through the tool \'\'Market Vegetable Farming Sustainability Indicator/Burkina Faso\'\', the sustainability of market gardening operations in Houet using a socio-ecosystem approach. Based on contextual sustainability indicators, we conducted interviews by questionnaire with 180 producers in urban, peri-urban and rural areas of the Houet province. The results generally showed that vegetable farms in the province have low sustainability scores. However, the analysis of the dimensions, components and sustainability indicators showed considerable disparities, and inspired suggestions for a more sustainable orientation of current market gardening production methods.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2016Publisher:BASE Authors: Aurore Richel; Jacques Hebert; Pierre-Louis Bombeck;Introduction. Dans un monde qui cherche à se défaire de sa dépendance à la pétrochimie, le concept de bioraffinage de la biomasse forestière est de plus en plus étudié. Dans une recherche de valorisation maximale des composants de cette biomasse, la transformation de fibres de cellulose en nanocellulose séduit de plus en plus l’industrie papetière par sa haute valeur ajoutée.Littérature. Le concept de bioraffinage forestier intégré vise l’adaptation des usines de pâte à papier en bioraffineries où un maximum de coproduits sont valorisés. Au départ de la cellulose contenue dans la pâte, deux types de nanocellulose peuvent être obtenus en déstructurant les fibres selon différents moyens. Comme elle génère des coproduits valorisables, l’hydrolyse enzymatique constitue un moyen de production de nanocellulose mais doit néanmoins être combinée à des traitements mécaniques. La production de nanocellulose au départ de pâte à papier chimique est une étape de fin de chaine qui peut même s’envisager sans modifier le fonctionnement des usines actuelles. La viabilité économique de cette production et la taille du marché potentiel sont l’objet d’études récentes qui s’avèrent encourageantes.Conclusions. La nanocellulose est un biomatériau d’avenir dont le domaine d’application ne cesse de grandir. La cellulose contenue dans la pâte à papier peut servir de matière première à la production de nanocellulose à l’aide de prétraitements enzymatiques générateurs de coproduits valorisables. Cette production peut s’intégrer dans une usine chimique classique de pâte et constituer ainsi un élargissement de la gamme de produits proposés par l’industrie papetière. Enzymatic hydrolysis to produce nanocellulose in an integrated forest biorefinery strategy. A reviewIntroduction. In a world that seeks to break free from petrochemicals, the concept of forest biomass biorefinery is increasingly being studied as a way to maximize the value of the components of this biomass. Due to the high added value expected when transforming cellulose fibers into nanocellulose, this technology is highly attractive to the pulp and paper industrial world.Literature. The concept of integrated forest biorefinery is to adapt existing pulp mills so as to maximize the value of the co-products. Through the use of various methods, two types of nanocellulose may be obtained from the cellulose in the pulp. Due to its production of valuable byproducts, enzymatic hydrolysis is an interesting method to use for this purpose, but it must be combined with mechanical post-treatments. The production of nanocellulose from chemical pulp takes place in the final step of pulp production, and could be implemented without modifying the existing mills. The economic viability of this mode of production and the potential market size are the subject of recent studies that appear encouraging.Conclusions. Nanocellulose is a promising biomaterial whose field of application continues to grow. Cellulose in wood pulp can be used as a raw material for the production of nanocellulose using enzymatic pre-treatments that generate valuable co-products. This process can be integrated into a conventional chemical pulp mill and constitutes a broadening of the products available to the pulp and paper industry.
Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2019Publisher:University of Liege Authors: Alain Dassargues;Traditionnellement, seule la géothermie profonde était envisagée. Actuellement, les différentes formes de géothermies peu profondes et de faible enthalpie sont plus accessibles car elles présentent moins de risques financiers et environnementaux. Leur multiplication, notamment pour couvrir les besoins énergétiques de (gros ou nombreux) bâtiments, permet à ces systèmes de participer pleinement à la transition énergétique en cours. Ces systèmes géothermiques peu profonds ne requièrent aucune anomalie du gradient géothermique local. Néanmoins, lorsque des pompages et réinjections sont envisagés dans des aquifères peu profonds, les conditions hydrogéologiques influencent fortement l’efficacité (rendement) et la durabilité des systèmes installés mais aussi leur éventuel impact sur la quantité et la qualité des ressources en eaux souterraines. Les différents types de systèmes géothermiques peu profonds sont brièvement présentés, puis l’accent est mis sur les systèmes par doublets en aquifère et sur les anciennes mines.
Bulletin de la Socié... arrow_drop_down Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de LiègeArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Bulletin de la Socié... arrow_drop_down Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de LiègeArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2017 BelgiumAuthors: Loreau, Jérôme; Van der Avoird, Ad;info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1996 United StatesPublisher:Paris, France: INRA Authors: Poncet, Y.; Quensiere, J.;Metadata only record The article examines the application of a geographical information system (GIS) project to the sustainable development of a natural resource within the context of a fisheries production system in the Central Delta of the River Niger in Mali. The project, which takes into account the specific characteristics of the natural and social environment, results from the findings of a research programme carried out between 1986-94 to investigate the organization and dynamics of a production sector which is based on the exploitation of a natural renewable resource. The Central Delta of the Niger contributes around 90% annually of total fish production in Mali. Over recent years, however, increasing interest from developers, restrictions on fishing and conflict between producers have caused a crisis of production. Through the development of a system of spatial representation of the interactions between the social and natural systems of the area, the objectives of the GIS are to solve the conflicts associated with resource use, develop an effective system of resource management and ensure the long term sustainability of the resource. (CAB Abstract)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Review 2017 BelgiumPublisher:Geo-Eco-Trop Authors: Gemenne, François; Blocher, Julia; De Longueville, Florence; Vigil diaz telenti, Sara; +3 AuthorsGemenne, François; Blocher, Julia; De Longueville, Florence; Vigil diaz telenti, Sara; Zickgraf, Caroline; Gharbaoui, Dalila; Ozer, Pierre;From the Sahel to the coastal zone, West Africa is experiencing a variety of environmental changes resulting from both slow processes and sudden shocks. These changes significantly influence migration patterns of populations within and outside of West Africa. In this region, where natural resources are the basis of livelihoods and food security, the relationship between environmental change and socio-economic vulnerability is of particular concern. Environmental degradation impacts the vulnerability of populations and their resiliency in complex ways. The presence of environmental and climatic stresses varies geographically. While desertification and drought are of primary importance for some areas, flooding, coastal erosion, and rising sea levels are the main dangers for others. Within the same population affected by the same climate threats, vulnerability and the likelihood of migration are influenced by socio-economic status, dependence on natural resources, and demographic characteristics. Given the differentiated vulnerabilities and resilience capacities, policies need to be adapted and implemented according to the particular needs of the populations. Policy-makers must also take account of vulnerability as perceived by the people concerned. Therefore, environmental mobility cannot be considered as strictly rational behavior based on real vulnerability. Local populations need to be informed of current and future environmental changes in order to accompany their mobility decisions. Migration can also be an important tool for resilience to socio-environmental change. Creating hosting infrastructure and putting in place mechanisms to protect migrants and displaced persons is a necessary step to mitigate future risks. Regional authorities need to work together to strengthen the resilience of communities of origin to climate shocks, but they must also facilitate migration as an adaptation strategy. De la zone aride au nord à la zone tropicale humide au sud, l’Afrique de l’Ouestconnaît une variété de changements environnementaux quiinfluencent les schémas de migration,tant interne que vers l’extérieur, de ses populations.Alors que la désertification et la sécheresse affectent particulièrement certaines zones, les inondations, l’érosion côtière et l’élévation du niveau de la mer sont les principaux dangers dans d’autres. Dans uncontexte où les ressources naturelles constituent la base des moyens de subsistance et de la sécurité alimentaire, la dégradation de l’environnement impacte de façon complexe la vulnérabilité des populations et ses capacités de résilience. Affectéspar les mêmes menaces climatiques, la vulnérabilité et la probabilité de migrer des individus/ménages sont influencées par leur dépendance aux ressources naturelles,leur statut socio-économique, et leurs caractéristiques démographiques. Compte tenu de ces différences, il est nécessaire que des politiques soient mises en œuvre pour répondre auxbesoins particuliers des populationslocales. Ces dernièresdoivent être informées des changements environnementaux actuels et futurs.La mobilité environnementale ne peut pas être considérée comme un comportement strictement rationnel basé sur la vulnérabilité réelle, les décideurs doivent également tenir compte de la vulnérabilité perçue par les personnes concernées. Créer des infrastructures d’accueil et mettre en place des mécanismes de protection des migrants et des personnesdéplacées est une étape nécessaire pour atténuer les risques futurs. Les autorités régionales doivent travailler ensemble pour renforcer la résilience des communautés d’origine aux chocs climatiques, mais ils doivent aussi faciliter la migration comme une stratégie d’adaptation.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1997 United StatesPublisher:Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: The Coordination Office: OAU/CSTR-SAFGRAD Authors: Bezuneh, T. (ed.); Emechebe, A. M. (ed.); Sedgo, J. (ed.); Ouedraogo, M. (ed.);Metadata only record The paper proposes a theory of technology development for semi-arid regions. It then evaluates the theory by reviewing the characteristics of technologies successfully introduced into the regions. Modeling is then used to identify some constraints to further technology introduction of the type proposed. Some specific policy recommendations to accelerate technology introduction are made.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1994 United StatesPublisher:Wageningen, Netherlands: Université Agronomique de Wageningen, Département de la Foresterie Authors: de Boer, F.; Kessler, J. J.;Metadata only record This document presents an analysis of Fulani pastoral farming systems that focuses on how pastoralists use silvopastoral land. It aims to provide the missing knowledge needed to implement the resource management ('gestion des terroirs') approach at village level. In this region the influence of pastoral land use on the environment appears to be less pronounced than that of crop cultivation, even though levels of animal production are reasonable. The carrying capacity of the region has not yet been attained. Current constraints to pastoral land use in the region arise from the encroachment of cropland at the expense of pastoral land, and the increase in animal numbers. To develop sustainable natural resource management at village level that includes Fulani pastoral land use, the key factors appear to be the integration of livestock husbandry and cropland cultivation at household level, agreements between pastoralists and cropland farmers on land tenure and resource management, and support targeting of Fulani households (which have so far been neglected). Specific recommendations are given. (CAB Abstract)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2010 BelgiumPublisher:Universite Libre de Bruxelles Authors: Kestemont, Bruno;Existe-t-il un consensus scientifique sur les conditions de la durabilité ?Est-il possible de construire un indicateur unique de soutenabilité faible ?Quelles sont les composantes objectives et subjectives des indicateurs ?Peut-on envisager des indicateurs objectifs de soutenabilité ?Quelles voies de recherche sont-elles nécessaires pour développer des indicateurs de développement durable ?Telles sont les questions auxquelles cet ouvrage tente de répondre.La comparaison des courants de la soutenabilité faible et de la soutenabilité forte nous sert de fil conducteur pour évaluer la part normative et la part objective du choix des paramètres et de leur méthode d'agrégation. L'agrégation arithmétique implique des hypothèses de substituabilité entre les facteurs, ce qui relève de la soutenabilité faible. La pondération, toujours normative, peut être explicite ou se traduire par le choix d'une unité ou dimension unique. Nous redéfinissons la soutenabilité faible comme étant la réduction de la complexité à une dimension unique. Il y a dès lors autant d'indicateurs de soutenabilité faible que de choix possibles de cette dimension unique. En particulier, l'empreinte écologique par habitant relève d'une forme "écologique" de soutenabilité faible. Le prix de marché est l'unité fondamentale de mesure de sa forme "économique". Nous montrons que les acteurs ne savent pas bien identifier leur intérêt et qu'ils ne sont pas parfaitement égoïstes, ce qui introduit un biais non systématique remarquable dans toute mesure en unité monétaire. La soutenabilité forte se caractérise par la multiplicité de dimensions ou "capitaux critiques" dont le dépassement d'un seul suffit à déterminer la non soutenabilité. Les différentes formes de soutenabilités faibles peuvent représenter des capitaux critiques parmi d'autres.Nous présentons une typologie des acteurs et du partage des responsabilités, également susceptible d'introduire des grandes divergences dans les résultats publiés. Quelques études de cas illustrent ces différents éléments dans des contextes contrastés. L'empreinte écologique de consommation se limite en particulier à une responsabilisation du seul consommateur, alors que les comptes nationaux permettent d'envisager la coresponsabilité de l'ensemble des acteurs. L'indicateur de "dématérialisation de l'économie" appliqué à un village indien montre la pertinence de mesurer l'utilisation absolue de matière sans pondération monétaire. Il est par ailleurs possible de minimiser le coût de dépollution sans toucher à la limite absolue d'émissions globales de centrales thermiques. Les deux dimensions, coûts sociaux et bénéfices environnementaux, peuvent donc être traitées séparément.En conclusion, il est possible d'identifier, dans chaque calcul d'indicateur de développement durable, une composante relativement objective de soutenabilité "forte" et une composante "faible", négociable, de partage des droits et responsabilités./ We study how different world views may influence how to develop sustainable development indicators. The comparison of weak sustainability and strong sustainability serves as a guide to estimate the share of objective versus normative choice of parameters and their method of aggregation. We then present a typology of actors and shared responsibilities, which may also introduce large discrepancies in the results published. Some case studies illustrate these different elements in contrasting contexts. It appears that it is possible to identify in each calculation of sustainable development indicator, a relatively objective component of sustainability and a negotiable component of shared rights and responsibilities. info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Doctorat en Sciences
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object 2014 BelgiumD'Ans, Pierre; Hohenauer, Wolfgang; Courbon, Emilie; Frère, Marc; Degrez, Marc; Descy, G.G. G.G.;info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2020 BelgiumPublisher:Tropicultura Authors: Ouédraogo, Félix; Ahouangninou, Claude; Kestemont, Marie-Paule; Kaboré, Madeleine;handle: 2078.1/252358
Plusieurs études scientifiques menées au Burkina Faso montrent que la dynamique de production maraîchère en cours est caractérisée par un usage fréquent et souvent non contrôlé d’intrants chimiques au détriment de la préservation des ressources naturelles, de la santé des consommateurs et de celle des producteurs eux-mêmes. Cette réalité déplorée par les pouvoirs publics, les scientifiques et les partenaires au développement, commande des actions structurelles adéquates, basées sur une connaissance réelle des niveaux de durabilité du secteur. C’est pour répondre à cette recommandation que nous avons mené cette recherche en vue d’analyser à travers l’outil « Indicateur de Durabilité des Exploitations Maraîchères/Burkina Faso », la durabilité des exploitations maraîchères du Houet selon une approche socio-écosystémique. Ainsi, nous avons mené sur la base d’indicateurs contextuels de durabilité, des entretiens par questionnaire auprès 180 producteurs répartis dans les milieux urbain, périurbain et rural de la province du Houet. Les résultats obtenus ont montré de manière générale que les exploitations maraîchères de la province présentent des scores de durabilité faibles. Toutefois, l’analyse des dimensions, des composantes et des indicateurs de durabilité choisis a présenté des disparités considérables, et inspiré des suggestions pour une orientation plus durable des modes de production maraîchère actuelles. Assessment of the sustainability of market gardening operations in Burkina Faso using a socio-ecosystem approach (case of Houet province)Several scientific studies conducted in Burkina Faso show that the current market gardening production dynamic is characterized by frequent and often uncontrolled use of chemical inputs to the detriment of the preservation of natural resources, the health of consumers and of producers themselves. This reality, deplored by public authorities, scientists and development partners, requires adequate structural actions, based on a real knowledge of the sector\'s sustainability levels. In order to respond to this recommendation we conducted this research analysing, through the tool \'\'Market Vegetable Farming Sustainability Indicator/Burkina Faso\'\', the sustainability of market gardening operations in Houet using a socio-ecosystem approach. Based on contextual sustainability indicators, we conducted interviews by questionnaire with 180 producers in urban, peri-urban and rural areas of the Houet province. The results generally showed that vegetable farms in the province have low sustainability scores. However, the analysis of the dimensions, components and sustainability indicators showed considerable disparities, and inspired suggestions for a more sustainable orientation of current market gardening production methods.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2016Publisher:BASE Authors: Aurore Richel; Jacques Hebert; Pierre-Louis Bombeck;Introduction. Dans un monde qui cherche à se défaire de sa dépendance à la pétrochimie, le concept de bioraffinage de la biomasse forestière est de plus en plus étudié. Dans une recherche de valorisation maximale des composants de cette biomasse, la transformation de fibres de cellulose en nanocellulose séduit de plus en plus l’industrie papetière par sa haute valeur ajoutée.Littérature. Le concept de bioraffinage forestier intégré vise l’adaptation des usines de pâte à papier en bioraffineries où un maximum de coproduits sont valorisés. Au départ de la cellulose contenue dans la pâte, deux types de nanocellulose peuvent être obtenus en déstructurant les fibres selon différents moyens. Comme elle génère des coproduits valorisables, l’hydrolyse enzymatique constitue un moyen de production de nanocellulose mais doit néanmoins être combinée à des traitements mécaniques. La production de nanocellulose au départ de pâte à papier chimique est une étape de fin de chaine qui peut même s’envisager sans modifier le fonctionnement des usines actuelles. La viabilité économique de cette production et la taille du marché potentiel sont l’objet d’études récentes qui s’avèrent encourageantes.Conclusions. La nanocellulose est un biomatériau d’avenir dont le domaine d’application ne cesse de grandir. La cellulose contenue dans la pâte à papier peut servir de matière première à la production de nanocellulose à l’aide de prétraitements enzymatiques générateurs de coproduits valorisables. Cette production peut s’intégrer dans une usine chimique classique de pâte et constituer ainsi un élargissement de la gamme de produits proposés par l’industrie papetière. Enzymatic hydrolysis to produce nanocellulose in an integrated forest biorefinery strategy. A reviewIntroduction. In a world that seeks to break free from petrochemicals, the concept of forest biomass biorefinery is increasingly being studied as a way to maximize the value of the components of this biomass. Due to the high added value expected when transforming cellulose fibers into nanocellulose, this technology is highly attractive to the pulp and paper industrial world.Literature. The concept of integrated forest biorefinery is to adapt existing pulp mills so as to maximize the value of the co-products. Through the use of various methods, two types of nanocellulose may be obtained from the cellulose in the pulp. Due to its production of valuable byproducts, enzymatic hydrolysis is an interesting method to use for this purpose, but it must be combined with mechanical post-treatments. The production of nanocellulose from chemical pulp takes place in the final step of pulp production, and could be implemented without modifying the existing mills. The economic viability of this mode of production and the potential market size are the subject of recent studies that appear encouraging.Conclusions. Nanocellulose is a promising biomaterial whose field of application continues to grow. Cellulose in wood pulp can be used as a raw material for the production of nanocellulose using enzymatic pre-treatments that generate valuable co-products. This process can be integrated into a conventional chemical pulp mill and constitutes a broadening of the products available to the pulp and paper industry.
Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Biotechnologie, Agro... arrow_drop_down Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et EnvironnementArticle . 2016 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2019Publisher:University of Liege Authors: Alain Dassargues;Traditionnellement, seule la géothermie profonde était envisagée. Actuellement, les différentes formes de géothermies peu profondes et de faible enthalpie sont plus accessibles car elles présentent moins de risques financiers et environnementaux. Leur multiplication, notamment pour couvrir les besoins énergétiques de (gros ou nombreux) bâtiments, permet à ces systèmes de participer pleinement à la transition énergétique en cours. Ces systèmes géothermiques peu profonds ne requièrent aucune anomalie du gradient géothermique local. Néanmoins, lorsque des pompages et réinjections sont envisagés dans des aquifères peu profonds, les conditions hydrogéologiques influencent fortement l’efficacité (rendement) et la durabilité des systèmes installés mais aussi leur éventuel impact sur la quantité et la qualité des ressources en eaux souterraines. Les différents types de systèmes géothermiques peu profonds sont brièvement présentés, puis l’accent est mis sur les systèmes par doublets en aquifère et sur les anciennes mines.
Bulletin de la Socié... arrow_drop_down Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de LiègeArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25518/0037-9565.9213&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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more_vert Bulletin de la Socié... arrow_drop_down Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de LiègeArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2017 BelgiumAuthors: Loreau, Jérôme; Van der Avoird, Ad;info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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